Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Hipertensi umum dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah yang salah satu penyebabnya adalah kerusakan pada ginjal. Fenomena ini disebut juga sebagai hipertensi renovaskular. Pada hipertensi ini, kerusakan ginjal menyebabkan peningkatan renin dan angiotensin II yang kemudian akan meningkatkan produksi mediator inflamasi seperti Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) yang dapat mengindikasikan hipertensi renovaskular sebagai respon inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak resep jamu kuno au fere II yang berasal dari Maluku menggunakan hewan uji tikus galur wistar yang akan diinduksi hipertensi renovaskular dengan metode 2K1C. Diamati parameter respon inflamasi (TGF-β1), berat badan, tekanan darah, serta morfologi ginjal tikus. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: kelompok normal (Sham, n=4); kelompok induksi 2K1C (n=4); kelompok kontrol positif kaptopril (n=4); 3 kelompok dosis 1 (0.495 mL/200 gr BB), 2 (0.99 mL/200 gr BB) dan 3 (1.98 mL/200 gr BB) jamu kuno au fere II (n=4/kelompok). Tikus yang diinduksi 2K1C perkembangan berat badannya tidak terganggu namun mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah setelah lima minggu dan setelah dibedah, ginjal kiri tikus yang diklip mengalami fibrosis dan menyusut sementara ginjal kanan mengalami pembesaran. Pemberian resep jamu kuno diamati mampu menurunkan nilai tekanan darah secara signifikan, namun tidak mempengaruhi kondisi fibrosis ginjal hasil induksi dan berat badan. Selain itu, konsentrasi TGF-β1 plasma pada kelompok induksi 2K1C menunjukkan peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok sham. Penurunan konsentrasi TGF-β1 (p>0.05, kecuali dosis 2) diamati pada kelompok perlakuan kaptopril dan au fere II. dengan kelompok induksi 2K1C dan tidak ada korelasinya dengan nilai tekanan darah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa au fere II mampu menurunkan tekanan darah dan memperbaiki respon inflamasi dengan menurunkan kadar TGF-β1 pada tikus 2K1C.

---

Hypertension is often linked with blood pressure increase which one of the causes is renal damage. This phenomenon is also known as renovascular hypertension. Renal damage causes renin and angiotensin II increase which will upregulate inflammatory mediators like Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) that can indicate renovascular hypertension as an inflammatory response. The study aims to discover administration effects of au fere II ancient herbal concoction extract, originated from Maluku, using Wistar rats that are induced renovascular hypertension by the 2K1C method. Inflammatory response (TGF-β1), body weight, blood pressure and renal morphology are observed. Rats were grouped into 6: normotensive (Sham, n=4); 2K1C induction (water, n=4); positive control (captopril, n=4); 3 groups of ancient herbal concoction dose 1 (0.495mL/200grBB), 2 (0.99mL/200grBB) and 3 (1.98mL/200grBB) (n=4/group). Body weight development on rats induced with 2K1C were not disturbed, but after operating, the clipped left renal was found to have fibrosis and have shrunk, while the right renal enlarged. Treatment with ancient herbal concoction was observed able to alleviate blood pressure significantly but does not affect renal fibrosis as well as body weight. TGF-β1 concentrations on 2K1C induction group were also shown to have increased compared to sham. TGF-β1 concentrations decreased (p>0.05, except Dose 2: <0.05) for positive control and au fere II groups after treatment compared with 2K1C induction group and has no correlation with blood pressure values. Au fere II can be concluded to help alleviate blood pressure and fix inflammatory response by downregulating TGF-β1 on 2K1C rats."

"Latar belakang: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal di Indonesia dan ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa telah terbukti memiliki efek hepatoprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan mekanisme kerja ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dalam mencegah terjadinya fibrosis hati.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan yang diinduksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) secara intraperitoneal setiap 3 hari sekali selama 8 minggu. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok: normal, CCl4, n-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) dosis 150 mg/kgBB, ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dosis 50, 100 dan 150 mg/kgBB. Penilaian dilakukan terhadap parameter aspartat aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), alkali fosfatase (ALP), histopatologi hati, kadar malondialdehid (MDA), rasio GSH/GSSG, kadar Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α dan kadar Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1Hasil: Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dan NAC secara bermakna dapat melindungi hati dari cedera melalui penurunan aktivitas enzim ALT, AST, ALP dan penurunan persentase jaringan ikat pada pemeriksaan histopatologi. Ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dan NAC dapat menghambat stress oksidatif melalui penurunan kadar MDA hati dan peningkatan rasio GSH/GSSG hati. Ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dan NAC dapat menekan inflamasi melalui penurunan kadar TNF-α dan menghambat aktivasi sel stelata hati (HSC) yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar TGF-β1.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air buah mahkota dewa dapat mencegah fibrosis hati pada tikus yang diinduksi CCl4. Pencegahan terhadap fibrosis tersebut terutama melalui aktivitas antioksidan dan kemampuan menekan sitokin inflamasi TNF-α, serta menghambat aktivasi HSC melalui penurunan sitokin fibrogenik TGF-β1.

---

Introduction: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is one of the Indonesian herbal plants. Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of mahkota dewa fruits have been studied previously. This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of water extract of mahkota dewa in the prevention of liver fibrosis and its mechanism of action.Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by carbon tertrachloride (CCl4) given every 3 days by intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. Rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups: control group, n-acetyl cysteine/NAC (150 mg/kgBB), aqueous extract of mahkota dewa (50, 100 and 150 mg/kgBB). Aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver histopathology, malondialdehyde (MDA), ratio GSH/GSSG, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 were examined.Results: This study demonstrates that aqueous extract of mahkota dewa and NAC significantly protects the liver from injury by reducing the activity of AST, ALT, ALP and by reducing fibrosis percentage in histopatological examination. Aqueous extract of mahkota dewa and NAC attenuates oxidative stress by reducing the levels of MDA and increasing GSH/GSSG ratio. Aqueous extract of mahkota dewa and NAC suppresses inflammation by reducing the levels of TNF- α and inhibits hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation by reducing the levels of TGF-β1.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of mahkota dewa prevents CCl4-induced fibrosis in rats. The prevention of liver fibrosis most possibly through its antioxidant activities, suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and inhibition of HSC activation by reducing fibrogenic cytokines TGF-β1."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek pemberian sel punca mesenkim (SPM) asal tali pusat yang diduga dapat menurunkan TGF- β1 dan meningkatkan interleukin-10 serta menurunkan derajat fibrosis hati dengan skoring fibrosis NAFLD, menggunakan blok parafin hati tikus dari penelitian sebelumnya. Tikus diberi 2AAF/CCl4 untuk menimbulkan model fibrosis, dosis CCl4 2mg/kgBB, 2AAF 10mg/kgBB dan SPM 1x106. Kelompok dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu kelompok I kontrol tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok II diberikan 2AAF/CCl4, dan kelompok III diberikan 2AAF/CCl4 serta SPM asal tali pusat manusia. Ekspresi sitokin interleukin-10 dan TGF- β1 diperiksa dengan menggunakan pulasan imunohistokimia. Kuantifikasi pemeriksaan imunohistokimia dengan menghitung jumlah sel kupffer positif warna coklat pada sinusoid lalu dibagi dengan jumlah keseluruhan sel kemudian dikali seratus persen pada sepuluh lapang pandang. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan ekspresi TGF- β1 antara kelompok tanpa SPM dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p=0.02) dan kelompok SPM (p=0.04). Terdapat peningkatan bermakna ekspresi interleukin-10 antara kelompok SPM dengan kelompok kontrol (p=< 0.00) dan tanpa kelompok SPM (p=0.005). Terdapat korelasi positif TGF- β1 dengan peningkatan skoring NAFLD (r=0.39,p=0.035) dan tidak ada korelasi IL-10 dengan skoring NAFLD. Pemberian SPM dapat menurunkan ekspresi TGF-β1 dan meningkatkan ekspresi interleukin-10 pada jaringan hati tikus yang diinduksi oleh 2-AAF/CCl4 dan memperbaiki fibrosis dengan menurunkan skoring NAFLD.

---

This study aims to look at the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (SPM) originating from the umbilical cord which is thought to reduce TGF-β1 and increase interleukin-10 and reduce the degree of liver fibrosis by scoring NAFLD fibrosis, using rat liver paraffin blocks from previous studies. Mice were given 2AAF / CCl4 to cause fibrosis model, 2 mg / kgBB of CCl4 dose, 2AAF 10mg / kgBB and 1x106 SPM. The group was divided into three namely control group I was not given treatment, group II was given 2AAF / CCl4, and group III was given 2AAF / CCl4 and SPM from human umbilical cord. Interleukin-10 and TGF-β1 cytokine expressions were examined using immunohistochemical smear. Quantification of immunohistochemical examination by counting the number of brown positive kupffer cells in sinusoids and then divided by the total number of cells and then multiplied one hundred percent in ten fields of view. There was a significant difference in TGF-β1 expression between the groups without SPM compared to the control group (p = 0.02) and the SPM group (p = 0.04). There was a significant increase in the expression of interleukin-10 between the SPM group and the control group (p = <0.00) and without the SPM group (p = 0.005). There was a positive correlation of TGF-β1 with increased NAFLD scoring (r = 0.39, p = 0.035) and there was no IL-10 correlation with NAFLD scoring. Giving SPM can reduce TGF-β1 expression and increase the expression of interleukin-10 in rat liver tissue induced by 2-AAF / CCl4 and improve fibrosis by decreasing NAFLD scoring."

"Latar Belakang Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan pada abad ke-21 dan berkaitan erat dengan peningkatan masalah kesehatan seperti non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patofisiologi obesitas tersebut melibatkan makrofag proinflamatori M1 (salah satu marker adalah Itgax atau CD11c) dalam perkembangan NAFLD. Dalam kasus yang lebih berat, NAFLD dapat berkembang menjadi fibrosis liver yang melibatkan TGF-β1. Meskipun pengobatan antiobesitas telah beredar dimasyarakat, namun obat tersebut dapat memiliki kontraindikasi dan efek samping masing-masing. Acalypha indica (Ai) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang memiliki efek antihiperlipidemia dan antiobesitas. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis efek Ai terhadap perkembangan kerusakan liver melalui Itgax sebagai marker makrofag proinflamatori, TGF-β1 dan histopatologi liver pada tikus obesitas. Metode Uji reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) dilakukan untuk mengukur ekspresi Itgax dan TGF- β1 serta pemeriksaan histologi untuk menilai ada/tidaknya inflamasi dan persentase rerata luas area sinusoid pada organ liver tersimpan tikus obesitas dengan perlakuan: (1) diet normal (kontrol normal), (2) diet tinggi fruktosa dan kolesterol (DTFK) (kontrol negatif), (3) DTFK + Gemfibrozil (kontrol positif), serta (4) DTFK + ekstrak Ai (DTFK + Ai). HasilEkspresi Itgax pada kelompok tikus DTFK+Ai (1,580 + 0,836) terbukti lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (1,880 + 1,293), ekspresi TGF-β1 pada kelompok tikus DTFK+Ai (1,340 + 0,706) terbukti lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (1,850 + 1,358), walaupun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Di lain pihak, terjadi perbaikan inflamasi pada kelompok tikus DTFK+Ai dibanding dengan kontrol negatif, dan persentase rerata luas area sinusoid pada kelompok tikus DTFK+Ai (3,286 + 0,138) terbukti lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kontrol negatif (2,654 + 0,165).KesimpulanPemberian ekstrak akar Ai dapat menurunkan ekspresi Itgax dan TGF-β1, memperbaiki inflamasi pada liver serta meningkatkan persentase luas rerata sinusoid liver tikus obesitas, walaupun memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

---

Introduction

Obesity is a health problem in the 21st century and is closely related to an increase in health problems such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The pathophysiology of obesity involves proinflammatory M1 macrophages (one of the markers is Itgax or CD11c) in the development of NAFLD. In more severe cases, NAFLD can progress to liver fibrosis involving TGF-β1. Even though anti-obesity treatments have been circulating in the community, these drugs can have their own contraindications and side effects. Acalypha indica (Ai) is a herbal plant that has antihyperlipidemia and antiobesity effects. This study will analyze the effect of Ai on the development of liver damage through Itgax as a marker for proinflammatory macrophages, TGF-β1 and liver histopathology in obese mice.

Method

The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test was carried out to measure the expression of Itgax and TGF-β1 as well as histology examination to assess the presence/absence of inflammation and the average percentage of sinusoid area in the stored liver organ of obese mice treated with: (1) diet normal (normal control), (2) high fructose and cholesterol diet (DTFK) (negative control), (3) DTFK + Gemfibrozil (positive control), and (4) DTFK + Ai extract (DTFK + Ai).

Results

Itgax expression in the DTFK+Ai group of mice (1.580 + 0.836) was proven to be lower than the negative control group (1.880 + 1.293), TGF- β1 expression in the DTFK+Ai group of mice (1.340 + 0.706) was proven to be lower than the negative control group. (1.850 + 1.358), although it is not statistically significantly different. On the other hand, there was an improvement in inflammation in the DTFK+Ai mice group compared to the negative control, and the average percentage of sinusoid area in the DTFK+Ai mice group (3.286 + 0.138) was proven to be higher than the negative control (2.654 + 0.165). Conclusion

Administration of Ai root extract can reduce the expression of Itgax and TGF-β1, improve inflammation in the liver and increase the percentage of the average area of liver sinusoids in obese mice, although further research is needed."

"Nefropati diabetik merupakan komplikasi DM tipe 2 yang umumnya ditandai dengan kondisi albuminuria dari hasil penilaian UACR. TGF-β1 urin merupakan faktor pertumbuhan yang banyak dikaitkan dengan patologis dari kerusakan ginjal pada nefropati diabetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai UACR dengan kadar TGF-β1 urin pada pasien DM tipe 2. Desain studi pada penelitian ini yaitu cross sectional dimana pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh berjumlah 99 subjek penelitian (62 pasien DM normolbuminuria, 27 pasien DM albuminuria, dan 10 subjek non DM sebagai kontrol) di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu. Kadar TGF-β1 urin diukur menggunakan ELISA, sedangkan nilai UACR diperoleh dari hasil uji laboratorium klinik. Hasil dari uji beda rerata pada kadar TGF-β1 urin menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,790) pada ketiga kelompok sampel. Hasil analisis hubungan kadar TGF-β1 urin dengan nilai UACR pada kelompok DM normoalbuminuria dan albuminuria juga menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna (r = -0,079; p = 0,462). Hal ini diduga adanya pengaruh tekanan darah dan konsumsi obat antihipertensi yang berpotensi mempengaruhi kadar TGF-β1 urin. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar TGF-β1 urin dengan nilai UACR tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada pasien DM tipe 2.

---

Diabetic nephropathy is one of type 2 DM complication that can be detected by UACR (Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio) as a marker for albuminuria condition. Urinary transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a growth factor related to pathology of kidney disease in nepropathy diabetic. The aim of the present study was to know the correlation between TGF-β1 and UACR in type 2 DM patients. Design study was using cross sectional with consecutive sampling method. The study was performed in 99 subjects (62 DM normolbuminuria patients, 27 DM albuminuria patients, and 10 non DM subject as controls) at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center. Urinary TGF-β1 level was measured by ELISA, and UACR was measured in clinical laboratory. The result of mean difference test showed that urinary TGF-β1 level (p = 0,790) difference were not present in three group samples. Analysis correlation urinary TGF-β1 level and UACR in DM normoalbuminuria and albuminuria groups did not show correlation (r = -0,079; p = 0,462), and the result might influenced by blood pressure and received antihypertention medication that potent to reduce urinary TGF-β1 level. In conclusion, urinary TGF-β1 level and UACR did not have significant correlation in type 2 DM patients."

"Latar Belakang: TGF-β1 memiliki peran penting dalam proses diferensiasi sel punca pulpa (hDPSCs) menjadi sel odontoblast dan asam hialuronat (AH) sebagai perancah alami memiliki sifat biokompabilitas dan berperan dalam pembentukan jaringan keras gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi berbagai konsentrasi AH (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL) pada media kultur (MK) hDPSCs terhadap ekspresi TGF-β1 dengan waktu observasi 7 hari dan 14 hari. Metode: Kultur hDPSCs didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya (persetujuan etik dilampirkan) yang merupakan passage 3 dan 4. Setelah 24 jam inkubasi, MK digantikan oleh media osteogenic. hDPSCs dipuasakan selama 24 jam. AH kemudian ditanam ke dalam 96 well kultur jaringan yang terdiri dari 5x103 sel/well. MK AH dibagi menjadi tiga konsentrasi (10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, dan 30 mg/ml) dan diinkubasi dalam atm 5% CO2, 37o C. Ekspresi TGF-β1 dianalisis menggunakan ELISA reader setelah inkubasi selama 7 hari dan 14 hari dan secara kualitatif dengan pewarnaan Alizarin Red. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc LSD (SPSS IBM 26). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan potensi berbagai konsentrasi AH (p<0,05) terhadap ekspresi TGF-β1 hDPSCs pada observasi 7 dan 14 hari. Kelompok AH 30 mg/mL memiliki ekspresi TGF-β1 tertinggi. Pewarnaan Alizarin Red menunjukkan nodul berwarna merah semakin pekat dan banyak pada konsentrasi AH 30 mg/mL. Kesimpulan: AH berpotensi untuk meningkatkan ekspresi TGF-β1. Kelompok AH 30 mg/mL merupakan konsentrasi yang paling berpotensi dibandingkan kelompok lain pada waktu observasi 7 hari

---

Background: TGF-β1 plays an important role in the process of differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSCs) into odontoblast cells and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a natural scaffold has biocompatible properties and plays a role in the formation of dental hard tissue. Objective: To determine various concentrations potential of HA (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL) as hDPSCs culture media (CM) towards TGF-β1 expression on 7 and 14 days observations. Methods: hDPSCs culture were obtained from those of previous research (ethical approval form attached) at P3 and P4. After 24 hours of incubation, CM was replaced with osteogenic media. hDPSCs undergo 24 hours of serum starvation and then implanted into 96 well tissue culture consisting of 5x103 cells/well. hDPSCs CM divided into three concentrations and incubated in 5% CO2 atm, 37o C. TGF-β1 expression was analyzed using an ELISA reader and qualitatively by Alizarin Red staining. Statistical analysis using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test (SPSS IBM-26). Results: At 7 and 14 days, there is a statistically significant different potential of HA CM in various concentrations (p<0,05) towards expression of TGF-β1 hDPSCs. HA 30 mg/mL group have the highest TGF-β1 expression. Alizarin Red staining showed corellate results with more dense red nodules at HA 30 mg/mL group. Conclusion: HA have the potential to increase TGF-β1 expression hDPSCs. HA 30 mg/mL was the most potential concentration compare to other groups at 7 days observation."

"Latar Belakang: Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSC) merupakan populasi selkanker payudara yang mempunyai sifat sel punca. BCSC menjaga stabilitas tumordengan menginisiasi pembentukan populasi sel kanker baru serta memberikankekebalan terhadap terapi. BCSC dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan mikrotumor yang melepaskan berbagai sitokin dan growth factor, termasuk TGF-β1.Melalui mekanisme autoinduksi, TGF-β1 dapat meningkatkan produksi TGF-β1endogen dan pensinyalan autokrinnya. Pensinyalan autokrin TGF-β1 dapatmeningkatkan pengaruh tumor promotor TGF-β1 dalam perkembangan kankermelalui penguatan karakter kepuncaan dan sifat tumorigenik. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk enganalisis efek pemberian TGF-β1 rekombinan manusia pada selpunca kanker payudara (aldehyde dehydrogenase positive, ALDH+) terhadapekspresi marker kepuncaan melalui pensinyalan autokrin TGF-β1. Sebagaipembanding digunakan kanker payudara subtipe triple negative (TNBC).Metode: BCSCs manusia (ALDH+) dan TNBC (MDA-MB-231) dikultur dalamDulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F12/HG (DMEM F12/HG)dengan suplemen 0,1 ng/ml protein rekombinan TGF-β1 manusia (rhTGF-β1)selama periode 1, 2 dan 4 jam. Medium kultur kemudian diganti dengan DMEMF12/HG tanpa serum selama 24 jam. Tingkat ekspresi mRNA reseptor TGF-β tipe1 (TβR1), TGF-β1, faktor transkripsi pengikat oktamer 4 (OCT4), dan anggota A1keluarga aldehida dehidrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) dianalisis menggunakan real timereverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR). Kadar protein TGF-β1 dalam media kultur ditentukan dengan menggunakan enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sifat tumorigenik sel diuji dengan ujimammosphere forming unit (MFU assay).Hasil: Tingkat ekspresi mRNA dan protein TGF-β1 BCSC setelah perlakuantampak meningkat namun tidak pada TNBC. mRNA TβR1 BCSCs meningkat padaperiode perlakuan 1 dan 2 jam, sedangkan pada TNBC hanya pada periode 1 jam.Penanda kepuncaan ALDH1A1 dan OCT4 tampak meningkat pada BCSC namuntidak pada TNBC. Uji MFU menunjukkan sifat tumorigenik kedua kelompok selterutama pada periode perlakuan 2 jam tampak meningkat.Kesimpulan: Perlakuan TGF-β1 dalam konsentrasi rendah dan dalam waktusingkat memicu autoinduksi pada BCSCs yang menyebabkan peningkatan ekspresigen kepuncaan melalui pensinyalan autokrin. Sedangkan pada TNBC, peningkatanekspresi marker kepuncaan tidak terjadi. Namun demikian, sifat tumorigenik BCSCdan TNBC tetap meningkat.

---

Background: Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSC) is a population of breast cancer

cells that have stem cell characteristics. BCSCs maintain tumor stability by

initiating the formation of new cancer cell populations and providing resistance to

therapy. BCSCs can interact with the tumor microenvironment which releasing

various cytokines and growth factors, including TGF-β1. Through the

autoinduction mechanism, TGF-β1 can increase endogenous TGF-β1 production

and autocrine signaling. TGF-β1 autocrine signaling can increase the tumor

promoter role of TGF-β1 in cancer development by enhancing the stemness and

tumorigenic properties. This study aims to analyze the effect of Human TGF-β1

recombinant protein treatment to breast cancer stem cells (aldehyde dehydrogenase

positive, ALDH+) on the expression of stemness marker through TGF-β1 autocrine

signaling. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was used as a comparison.

Methods: Human BCSCs (ALDH+) and TNBC (MDA-MB-231) were cultured in

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F12/HG (DMEM F12/HG)

with 0.1 ng / ml recombinant protein of human TGF-β1 supplementation (rhTGF-

β1) over 1, 2 and 4 hour periods. The culture medium was then replaced with

DMEM F12/HG serum-free for 24 hours. The expression levels of the TGF-β

receptor type 1 (TβR1), TGF-β1, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4),

and members of the A1 family of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) mRNA

were analyzed using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions

(RT-qPCR). TGF-β1 protein levels in conditioned medium were determined using

an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The tumorigenic properties of

cells were tested by the mammosphere forming unit (MFU) assay.

Results: The expression level of mRNA and TGF-β1 BCSC protein after treatment

appeared to be increased but not in TNBC. mRNA TβR1 BCSCs increased in the

treatment period of 1 and 2 hours, whereas in TNBC only in the 1 hour period. The

markers of ALDH1A1 and OCT4 expression appeared to be increased in BCSC but

not in TNBC. The MFU test showed that the tumorigenic properties of both cell

groups, especially in the 2 hour treatment period, appeared to be increasing.

Conclusion: Treatment of TGF-β1 in low concentrations and in a short time

triggered autoinduction of BCSCs and leads to the increased expression of stemness

genes marker via autocrine signaling. Whereas in TNBC, this increase in the

expression of the stemness markers did not occur. However, the tumorigenic nature

of BCSC and TNBC continues to increase."

"Latar belakang: Cisplatin merupakan pilihan utama terapi kanker ovarium saat ini, namun memiliki efek samping diantaranya adalah hepatotoksisitas. Salah satu patofisiologi hepatotoksisitas ini adalah melalui jalur inflamasi dan fibrosis. Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antifibrosis, namun memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Pemberian nanopartikel kurkumin diteliti dapat meningkatkan bioavailabilitas kurkumin dalam tubuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nanokurkumin pada hepatotoksisitas akibat cisplatin, ditinjau dari kadar TNF-α dan TGF-β1 pada jaringan hati. Metode: Penelitian in vivo dilakukan pada tikus betina galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan (1 kelompok normal/sham, dan 4 kelompok diinduksi DMBA untuk mendapatkan model kanker ovarium). Tikus model kanker ovarium diberikan perbedaan perlakuan lagi yaitu satu kelompok tidak diterapi, satu kelompok diterapi cisplatin 4 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal, satu kelompok diterapi cisplatin dan kurkumin konvensional 100 mg/kgBB oral, dan satu kelompok diterapi cisplatin dan nanopartikel kurkumin 100 mg/kgBB per oral. Setelah satu bulan pemberian terapi, tikus dikorbankan dan disimpan beku organ hatinya. Pengukuran kadar TNF-α dan TGF-β1 jaringan hati dilakukan dengan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan pada kadar TNF-α (p=0.675), dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok terapi kurkumin dan nanokurkumin pada kadar TGF-β1 (p=0.992). Simpulan: Pemberian nanokurkumin tidak memengaruhi kadar TNF-α dan TGF-β1 di jaringan hati tikus model kanker ovarium yang mendapat terapi cisplatin.

---

Introduction: Cisplatin is currently the main choice for ovarian cancer therapy, but it has side effects including hepatotoxicity. One of the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity is through inflammation and fibrosis. Curcumin is a compound that has anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis effects, but has a low bioavailability. The administration of curcumin nanoparticles under study can increase the bioavailability of curcumin in the body. Goals: This study aims to determine the effect of nanocurcumin on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, in terms of levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in liver tissue.

Methods: In vivo research was carried out on female Wistar rats divided into 5 treatment groups (1 normal/sham group, and 4 groups induced by DMBA to obtain ovarian cancer models). The ovarian cancer model mice were further classified where one group got no treatment, one group treated with cisplatin 4 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally, one group was treated with cisplatin and conventional curcumin 100 mg/kgBW orally, and one group was treated with cisplatin and curcumin nanoparticles 100 mg/kgBW orally. After one month of therapy, the mice were sacrificed and kept their liver frozen. The measurement of TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels in liver tissue was carried out by the ELISA method.

Results: There was no significant difference between treatment groups in TNF-α levels (p = 0.675), and there was no significant difference between the curcumin and nanocurcumin therapy groups in TGF-β1 levels (p = 0.992).

Concluson: Nanocurcumin therapy did not affect TNF-α and TGF-β1 level in liver tissue in ovarian cancer model mice receiving cisplatin therapy."

"Pasien Diabetes Mellitus, akan menimbulkan masalah gangguan  fisik yaitu nyeri akut/kronis, dan gangguan psikologis (kecemasan,) bila tidak ditanganii dengan baik.Tujuan dari penelitian ini menerapkan terapi penghentian pikiran, relaksasi otot progresif, dan psikoedukasi keluarga pada kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Penelitian ini mengunakan desain penelitian operasional research dengan jumlah sampel 38 individu dibagi menjadi 18 induvidu kelompok kontrol dan 22 kelompok intervensi. Hasil analisis Mann-whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol yang diberikan TKN, edukasi keluarga, pendampingan, dan latihan mandiri dengan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan TKN, edukasi keluarga, pendampingan, dan latihan mandiri, terapi penghentian pikiran, terapi otot progresif dan psikoedukasi keluarga  secara bermakna (p value < 0,05). Penerapan TKN, edukasi keluarga, pendampingan, dan latihan mandiri, terapi penghentian pikiran, terapi otot progresif dan psikoedukasi keluarga direkomendasikan karena dapat menurunkan nyeri dan ansietas pada klien diabetes melitus, meningkatkan kemampuan pasien dan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat nyeri dan ansietas dengan diabetes melitus.

---

Diabetes Mellitus patients will cause physical problems, namely acute/chronic pain, and psychological disorders (anxiety) if not treated properly. The aim of this research is to apply thought stopping therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, and family psychoeducation in the control and intervention groups. This research used an operational research design with a sample size of 38 individuals divided into 18 control groups and 22 intervention groups. The results of the Mann-Whitney analysis showed that there were differences between the control group which was given TKN, family education, assistance and independent training and the intervention group which was given TKN, family education, assistance and independent training, thought stopping therapy, progressive muscle therapy and family psychoeducation significantly (p value < 0.05). The application of TKN, family education, mentoring and independent training, thought stopping therapy, progressive muscle therapy and family psychoeducation are recommended because they can reduce pain and anxiety in clients with diabetes mellitus, increase the patient's ability and the family's ability to treat pain and anxiety with diabetes mellitus."

"Latar Belakang: Pegawai kantor dengan obesitas memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Pemeriksaan sensitivitas insulin jarang dilakukan karena kendala teknis dan biaya. Berbagai studi sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif antara massa lemak tubuh dengan HOMA-IR, namun hasil penelitian di Indonesia menunjukkan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Indeks TyG disebut sebagai penanda resistensi insulin yang lebih akurat jika dibandingkan dengan HOMA-IR pada populasi Asia. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai hubungan massa lemak tubuh dengan Indeks TyG di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 89 pekerja kantor dengan obesitas (IMT ≥25 kg/m2) tanpa riwayat DM di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober tahun 2022. Dilakukan pengambilan data demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat DM, kebiasaan merokok), antropometri, analisis asupan menggunakan 24-hour food recall 3x24 jam, serta penilaian tingkat aktivitas fisik berdasarkan Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Score. Pengukuran persentase lemak tubuh total dan massa lemak viseral menggunakan multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) SECA mBCA-525. Sensitivitas insulin dinilai menggunakan kadar HOMA-IR dan Indeks TyG serum. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji Spearman dan dilakukan analisis multivariat untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan sensitivitas insulin.Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 89 subjek dengan proporsi perempuan:laki-laki sekitar 2:1, median usia 40 (21-59) tahun, dan mayoritas memiliki tingkat aktivitas sedang, tidak memiliki riwayat DM pada keluarga, tidak merokok, serta memiliki persentase kecukupan asupan melebihi kebutuhan energi individual dengan persentase makronutrien masih masuk dalam rentang normal. Korelasi persentase lemak tubuh total dengan HOMA-IR menunjukkan korelasi positif lemah yang bermakna (r=0,262, p=0,013). Korelasi massa lemak viseral dengan Indeks TyG menunjukkan korelasi positif lemah yang bermakna (r=0,234, p=0,027). Hasil korelasi persentase lemak tubuh total dengan indeks TyG dan korelasi massa lemak viseral dengan HOMA-IR menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan secara statistik. Persentase lemak tubuh total tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan HOMA-IR setelah disesuaikan dengan variabel jenis kelamin, tingkat aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, lemak viseral, trigliserida, HDL, lingkar pinggang, dan persentase asupan karbohidrat. Massa lemak viseral tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan Indeks TyG setelah disesuaikan dengan variabel usia, jenis kelamin, lemak viseral, persentase asupan protein, dan HDL.Kesimpulan: Didapatkan korelasi positif lemah antara persentase lemak tubuh total dengan HOMA-IR dan korelasi positif lemah antara massa lemak viseral dengan Indeks TyG pada pegawai kantor obesitas di RSUPN Cipto Mangkunsumo.

---

Background: Obese office workers have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin sensitivity tests are rarely performed due to technical and cost constraints. Previous studies have shown a negative relationship between body fat mass and HOMA-IR. However, the results of research in Indonesia have shown inconsistent results. No study has assessed the relationship between body fat mass and the TyG index in Indonesia. In contrast, some research showed that The TyG index is a more accurate marker of insulin resistance in Asian populations.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 office workers with obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) without a history of DM at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, on August-October 2022. Demographic data were collected (age, gender, history of DM, smoking habits), anthropometry, analysis of energy intake and macronutrients using a 3- days 24-hour food recall, as well as an assessment of the level of physical activity based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Score. The total body fat percentage and visceral fat mass were measured using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) SECA mBCA-525. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using HOMA-IR levels and serum TyG Index. Correlation analysis used the Spearman test, and multivariate analysis was performed to assess the factors most related to insulin sensitivity.

Results: There were 89 subjects with a proportion of women: men around 2:1, the median age was 40 (21-59) years, and the majority had moderate activity levels, had no family history of DM, did not smoke, and had intakes exceeding individual energy needs with the percentage of macronutrients within normal range. The total body fat percentage correlation with HOMA-IR showed a significant positive correlation with weak strength (r=0.262, p=0.013). The correlation of visceral fat mass with the TyG index showed a significant positive correlation with weak strength (r=0.234, p=0.027). The results of the correlation of total body fat percentage with the TyG index and the correlation of visceral fat mass with HOMA-IR showed results that were not statistically significant. The total body fat percentage was not significantly related to HOMA-IR after adjusting for variables such as gender, level of physical activity, body mass index, visceral fat, triglycerides, HDL, waist circumference, and percentage of carbohydrate intake. Visceral fat mass did not have a significant relationship with the TyG index after adjusting for age, sex, visceral fat, percentage of protein intake, and HDL.

Conclusion: A weak positive correlation was found between the percentage of total body fat and HOMA-IR and a weak positive correlation between visceral fat mass and the TyG index in obese office workers at Cipto Mangkunsumo General Hospital."