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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: EuroSCORE II (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) banyak digunakan sebagai model prediksi resiko mortalitas intrahospital dan juga mulai diteliti sebagai prediktor kesintasan jangka panjang untuk operasi jantung. Namun penggunaannya pada pembedahan katup jantung memilki nilai uji validasi yang buruk. TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion), sebagai salah satu parameter fungsi ventrikel kanan diketahui menjadi salah satu prediktor pasien yang menjalani pembedahan jantung. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kemampuan prediksi mortalitas intrahospital dan kesintasan jangka panjang antara EuroSCORE II dengan kombinasi EuroSCORE II dan TAPSE (EuroSCOREII+TAPSE) dan kombinasi modifikasi variabel EuroSCORE II+TAPSE (Modified Euro-TAPSE-Score) pasien yang menjalani pembedahan katup jantung. Metode: Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 1842 pasien yang menjalani pembedahan katup jantung pada periode 2018-2021. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat antara nilai EuroSCORE II, variabel EuroSCORE II, dan TAPSE untuk mortalitas intrahospital dan kesintasan 4,5 tahun. Uji validasi dilakukan terhadap semua model prediksi resiko. Hasil: Mortalitas intrahospital yang diobservasi adalah 9,0 % dan untuk mortalitas jangka panjang adalah 18,8%. Sebagai prediktor mortalitas intrahospital, Modified Euro-TAPSE Score dan EuroSCOREII+TAPSE memilki nilai uji validasi yang lebih baik [(AUC 0,730; uji H-L p:0,988) vs (AUC 0,681; uji H-L p:0,065)] dibandingkan EuroSCORE II saja (AUC 0,686; uji H-L p:0,028). EuroSCORE II secara signifikan berhubungan dengan kesintasan jangka panjang (p<0,0001), namun TAPSE tidak dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor (p: 0,643) sehingga modifikasi EuroSCORE II dengan TAPSE tidak dapat dilakukan. Kesimpulan: Modified Euro-TAPSE-Score dan EuroSCOREII+TAPSE memiliki nilai prognostik yang lebih baik dibandingkan EuroSCORE II untuk mortalitas intrahospital pasien yang menjalani pembedahan katup jantung. ......Background: EuroSCORE II (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) is widely used as a risk predictive model for intrahospital mortality and has been studied as a predictor of long-term survival for cardiac surgery. However, its use in valvular heart surgery (VHS) has poor validation test values. TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion), as a parameter of right ventricular function is known to be one of the predictors of patients undergoing cardiac surgery Objective: To compare the predictive ability of intrahospital mortality and long-term survival between EuroSCORE II with EuroSCORE II and TAPSE combination (EuroSCOREII+TAPSE) and EuroSCORE II variable modification with TAPSE (Modified Euro-TAPSE-Score) in patients undergoing VHS. Metds: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1842 patients undergoing VHS in 2018-2021 period. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes of EuroSCORE II, EuroSCORE II variables, and TAPSE for intrahospital mortality and 4,5 year survival. Validation tests were carried out on all risk prediction models. Results: The observed intrahospital mortality was 9,0% and long-term mortality was 18,8%. As predictors of intrahospital mortality, Modified Euro-TAPSE Score and EuroSCOREII+TAPSE have better validation test values [(AUC 0,,730; H-L test p:0,988) vs (AUC 0,681; H-L test p:0,065)] compared to EuroSCORE II (AUC 0,686; H-L test p:0,028). EuroSCORE II was significantly associated with long-term survival (p<0.0001), but TAPSE could not be used as a predictor (p:0,643) so EuroSCORE II modification with TAPSE could not be performed. Conclusion: Modified Euro-TAPSE-Score and EuroSCOREII+TAPSE have a better prognostic value than EuroSCORE II for intrahospital mortality in patients undergoing VHS.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Disfungsi ventrikel kanan merupakan salah satu komplikasi penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK). Penilaian fungsi ventrikel kanan penting, karena berkaitan dengan keterbatasan kemampuan kerja pasien serta prognosis yang buruk. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui proporsi disfungsi sistolik dan diastolik ventrikel kanan pada PPOK stabil, serta untuk mengetahui korelasi forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % prediksi dengan nilai Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) dan nilai titik potong kedua variabel tersebut. Metode: Dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri terhadap 30 pasien PPOK stabil (rerata usia: 65 ± 6 tahun). Kemudian semua pasien menjalani pemeriksaan ekokardiografi standar, TAPSE, mengukuran dimensi ruang jantung kanan dan inflow trikuspid. Hasil: Rerata nilai rerata FEV1 28 ± 8% prediksi. Tidak terdapat pasien dengan derajat obstruksi yang ringan, 57% subjek mengalami derajat obstruksi yang sangat berat. Semua pasien menunjukan pola spirometri campuran obstruktif dan restriktif. Rerata dimensi ruang jantung kanan pasien dalam batas normal. Terdapat 40% pasien yang mengalami disfungsi diastolik. Rerata nilai TAPSE 16, 96 ± 96 mm. Terdapat 60% pasien yang mengalami penurunan nilai TAPSE. Tidak terdapat beda rerata nilai TAPSE antara kelompok dengan derajat obstruksi sedang-berat dengan derajat obstruksi sangat berat. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara FEV1 % prediksi dengan TAPSE, sehingga titik potong kedua variabel tidak dapat ditentukan. Simpulan: Proporsi disfungsi sistolik ventrikel kanan 60% dan disfungsi diastolik 40%. Tidak terdapat korelasi nilai FEV1 % prediksi dengan nilai TAPSE, sehingga nilai titik potong kedua variabel tidak dapat ditentukan pada PPOK stabil.

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Background: Right ventricular dysfunction is one of the common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Right ventricular assessment is importance, since it related with exercise intolerance and poor prognosis. Objective: To determine the proportion of systolic and diastolic dysfunction of right ventricle in stable COPD patients and to determine the correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % prediction and Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and also to determine the cut-off value between the two variables. Methods: Thirty stable COPD men (mean age: 65 ± 6 yr) underwent spirometry. In addition to conventional echocardiographic parameters, TAPSE, right heart chambers, and trans tricuspid inflow were determined. Results: The mean value of FEV1 was 28 ± 8% of the predicted value. There was no subject with mild airflow limitation, 57% subjects were with very severe airflow obstruction. All of pulmonary function test showed mixed restrictive-obstructive pattern. Mean of right chamber was in normal limit. Forty percent of the patients suffered right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Means of TAPSE was 16.96 ± 96 mm. Sixty percent of the patients suffered right ventricular systolic dysfunction. There was no significant difference in TAPSE between groups with moderate-severe flow obstruction and very severe airflow obstruction. There was no significant correlation between FEV1 % prediction and TAPSE, so the cut-off value between the two variables cannot be determined. Conclusions: The proportion of right ventricular systolic dysfunction was 60% and diastolic dysfunction was 40%. There was no correlation between FEV1 % prediction and TAPSE. The cut-off value between the two variable in stable COPD patients cannot be determined.

Abstrak :
Sekitar 1% anak terlahir dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Sebagian akan memerlukan kateterisasi jantung baik diagnosis maupun terapeutik. Prosedur ini memerlukan kooperasi pasien dan imobilisasi sehingga dibutuhkan anestesia yang mungkin berulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek anestesia umum terhadap fungsi kontraktilitas jantung anak dengan PJB. Kontraktilitas jantung dilihat dari fraksi ejeksi dan TAPSE yang diukur dengan ekokardiografi. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum anestesia umum, 5 menit pascaintubasi dan akhir tindakan kateterisasi. Metode penelitian kohort observasional dengan consecutive sampling telah dilakukan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 42 anak berusia 6 bulan hingga 18 tahun dengan PJB yang menjalani kateterisasi jantung dalam anestesia umum pada periode Juni – Agustus 2018. Uji T-test berpasangan dilakukan untuk analisis perubahan fraksi ejeksi dan TAPSE dan analisis multivariat untuk melihat pengaruh usia, jenis PJB, lama dan jenis tindakan kardiologi terhadap perubahan kontraksi. Perubahan fraksi ejeksi turun bermakna pada 5 menit pascaintubasi dan akhir tindakan kardiologi dan TAPSE turun bermakna hanya pada 5 menit pascaintubasi. Pengaruh usia, jenis PJB, lama dan jenis tindakan kardiologi tidak bermakna terhadap perubahan fraksi ejeksi dan TAPSE. Dengan demikian diharapkan kewaspadaan dalam penanganan pasien PJB, termasuk ketika memberikan informasi sebelum persetujuan tindakan medis (informed consent), dan jika memungkinkan menghindari tindakan anestesia umum yang berulang. ......Approximately 1% of children borned with congenital heart disease (CHD). Some will require cardiac catheterization which repeated anesthesia may be needed. This study aims to see the effect of general anesthesia on the cardiac contractility in children with CHD. Cardiac contractility seen from ejection fraction and TAPSE as measured by echocardiography. Measurements were taken before general anesthesia, 5 minutes post-intubation and at the end of the catheterization. An observational cohort with consecutive sampling was conducted. Analysis was carried out on 42 children aged 6 months to 18 years with CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia in the period June - August 2018. Paired T-test was performed to analyze changes in ejection fraction and TAPSE and multivariate analysis to analyze the effect of age, type of CHD, duration and type of cardiology intervention. Ejection fraction decreased significantly at 5 minutes post-intubation and at the end of cardiology intervention and TAPSE decreased significantly only at 5 minutes post-intubation. Changes of contratility was not significant affected by age, type of CHD, duration and type of cardiology intervention. Therefore, alertness in handling patients with CHD is expected, including when providing information prior to informed consent, and if possible avoid repeated general anesthesia.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Infeksi COVID-19 merupakan penyakit dengan komplikasi multi-organ, salah satunya komplikasi kardiovaskular. Dengan kejadian gagal jantung akut sebagai komplikasi COVID-19 dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi, perlu dilakukan identifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19, khususnya pada derajat sedang – berat. Tujuan : Mengetahui prediktor gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat, khususnya derajat sedang – berat Metode : Metode penelitian bersifat kohort retrospektif. Luaran primer adalah kejadian gagal jantung akut saat perawatan. Terdapat 15 faktor klinis dan laboratoris yang dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Dari total 208 subjek sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sebanyak 73 subjek (35%) mengalami episode gagal jantung akut saat perawatan. Riwayat gagal jantung kronik memiliki risiko 5,39 kali (95% IK: 1,76 – 16,51; p = 0,003) mengalami kejadian gagal jantung akut. Pasien dengan nilai TAPSE < 17 mm memiliki risiko 4,25 kali (95% IK: 1,13 – 16,07; p= 0,033) mengalami gagal jantung akut. Sedangkan pemakaian ACE-i/ARB memiliki risiko 0,16 kali (95% IK: 0,05 – 0,51; p = 0,002) untuk mengalami gagal jantung akut intraperawatan dibandingkan kelompok tanpa pemakaian ACE-i/ARB. Kesimpulan: Riwayat gagal jantung kronik, TAPSE < 17 mm, dan pemakaian ACE-i/ARB diidentifikasi sebagai prediktor kejadian gagal jantung akut pada pasien COVID-19. ......Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a disease with multi-organ complications, including cardiovascular organ. As heart failure is one of COVID – 19 complications that has high morbidity and mortality, we need to identify factors that can predict acute heart failure in COVID – 19, especially in moderate to severe patients. Objective : to determine predictors of acute heart failure in hospitalized COVID -19 patients Method : This was a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was acute heart failure that happened during hospitalization. There were total of 16 clinical (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, non-cardiogenic shock at admission, use of ACE-inhibitors/ARBs during hospitalization, ejection fraction, TAPSE) as well as 6 laboratory parameters (neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio, platelet - lymphocyte ratio, eGFR, D-Dimer, procalcitonin, CRP) that were used in statistical analysis. Result: From total of 208 subjects with moderate – severe COVID-19, 73 (35%) had acute heart failure. The median time of developing heart failure is 4 ( 1 - 27) days. On multivariate analysis, patients with history of chronic heart failure exhibited a 5.39-fold higher risk of acute heart failure compared with no history of chronic heart failure (95% CI: 1.76 – 16.51; p = 0.003). The risk of acute heart failure was multiplied by 4.25 in patients that was presented with TAPSE <17 mm (95% CI: 1.13 – 16.07; p= 0.033). In contrast, use/continuation of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers during hospitalization showed reduced risk of acute heart failure (16% of the risk developing acute heart failure compared with patients with no use of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers). In subjects developing acute heart failure, the mortality rate was 67%, compared with 57% in subjects without acute heart failure (p = 0,028). Conclusion: History of chronic heart failure, TAPSE <17 mm, and the use of ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers were identified as predictors of acute heart failure in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.