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Abstrak :
Related Factors with Condom Using among Transvestites in DKI Jakarta in year 2000One way to determine the risk level of sexual behavior for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) or HIV/AIDS is by measuring condom usage. Risky sexual behavior can be defined as sexual intercourse without consistent use of condoms. This research involves a survey to determine the level of condom usage among transvestites in 5 districts in Jakarta. The goal of this research is to explore factors relating to condom usage among transvestites in DKI Jakarta using cross sectional methodology research design. Data collection has been conducted over a 3 week period, and involved a sample of 138 transvestites, all of whom had sexual intercourse over the previous 2 weeks. The Dependent Variable is condom usage, while the Independent Variables are: 1) predisposing factors such as age, education, occupation, earnings, health knowledge (STD, HIV/AIDS and condom), previous sexual behavior, current sexual behavior, medication seeking behavior, reason for becoming a sex workers, excuses for always/not always wearing condoms; 2) access to condoms, source of information on HIV/AIDS and condoms; 3) perceptions regarding level of intimacy between transvestites and other persons. The research uses univariate and bivariate analysis. The result of the research shows that condom usage among transvestite is 15,2 % consistent and 84,8% inconsistent. From bivariate analysis, it has been found that a variable that has a significant relation with condom usage is the place where transvestites usually perform sexual intercourse. Other independent variables do not have a significant relationship with condom usage. Based on the result of this research, it is proposed that counseling programs be instigated to increase negotiation skills, and also to provide information to explain that the only effective method to prevent STDs and HIV/AIDS for transvestites engaged in high risk sexual behavior is condom usage. This is because transvestites have many sexual partners and they often engage in anal intercourse. NGOs involved in AIDS Prevention and condom manufacturers are expected to take active roles in delivering these messages.

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia saat ini masalah PMS-HIV/AIDS merupakan hal yang patut diwaspadai dan diantisipasi lebih dini, mengingat prevalensinya meningkat terus-menerus dari tahun ke tahun. Posisi Indonesia yang sangat strategis ini dianggap rentan terhadap terjadinya endemi penyakit HIV/AIDS. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam penanggulangan PMS-HIV/AIDS adalah perilaku pencarian pengobatan. Beberapa hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan rendahnya perilaku pencarian pengobatan pada kelompok pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan pada pria dengan PMS-HIV/AIDS di Jakarta, Surabaya dan Manado, dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Behavioral Surveillance Survey PMS- HIV/AIDS tahun 2000 yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia didukung USAID. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang (Cross sectional Study), dengan pengolahan data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi perilaku pencarian pengobatan kurang baik pada responden sebesar 75,3%. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, status perkawinan, sumber informasi dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan. Variabel pengetahuan dan pendidikan berhubungan bermakna dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan dan tidak ada interaksi antara pendidikan dan pengetahuan. Responden yang berpengetahuan kurang berpeluang melakukan pencarian pengobatan kurang baik 1,8 kali (95% CI: 1,1724-2,6442) dibandingkan dengan responden yang berpengetahuan baik setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan. Sedangkan berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan formal yang telah ditamatkan, ternyata responden yang berpendidikan rendah berpeluang melakukan pencarian pengobatan kurang baik 1,7 kali (95% CI: 1,0236- 2,5805) dibandingkan responden yang berpendidikan tinggi setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan. Dari penelitian ini disarankan perlunya dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk menggali lebih dalam alasan respoden yang tidak melakukan pencarian pengobatan. Perlu penyuluhan yang lebih intensif, konsisten dan berkelanjutan dengan cara menyebarluaskan informasi dengan memanfaatkan media yang diminati. Bagi pemerintah perlu menjadikan program tetap dan pengalokasian dana tidak hanya untuk pengobatan juga untuk pelayanan kesehatan dan konseling. Daftar pustaka: 58 (1979-2002)

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The Factors Related to Health Seeking Behaviour of Men with STD - HIV/AIDS in Jakarta, Surabaya and Manado (Secondary Data Analysis, USAID, 2000)Nowdays, STD ? HIV/AIDS in Indonesia; are issues we have to anticipate and alert earlier, considering the prevalence increases from year to year. The strategic position of Indonesia is considered susceptible to the pandemy of HIV/AIDS. One of the involving factor HIV/AIDS is health seeking behavior. Previous studies showed the low of health seeking behavior in men's group. This study is aimed to discover the factors related to health seeking behavior of men with STD ? HIV/AIDS in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Manado by using secondary data analysis from behavioral surveillance survey of STD ? HIV/AIDS in 2000 that was conducted by the center of health research, University of Indonesia by USAID support. This study using cross sectional design, and data processing with multiple logistic regression analysis. The result of this study shows that the proportion of men health seeking behaviour is poor (75,3% respondents). There are no relationship between age, marital status, information sources with the health seeking behavior. The variables of education and knowledge related with health seeking behavior and there is no interaction between education and knowledge. The respondents with low knowledge have the possibilities of poor health seeking behavior 1,8 times (95% CI 1,I725 --2,6442) compared with those who have good knowledge after being controlled by the education variable. Meanwhile, based on the formal educational background that the respondents got through, those who have low education have the possibilities of health seeking behavior 1,7 times (95% 1,00236 - 2,5805) compared with those who have higher education after being controlled by knowledge variable. This study recommends the need of further research to discover more detailed explanations why respondents do not seek for health care, and need more intensive, consistent and continually health education by spreading out information by using the interested media. It is necessary for government to make the prevention program of STD ? HIV/AIDS as an annual program and the fund allocation is not only for medication but also for the health and counseling services.