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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perjalanan hidup kantor pusat SCS (Birao) melalui kajian biography of things. Kajian ini menggunakan gedung Birao sebagai data utama yang tetap bertahan dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui daur hidup dan rekomendasi pengelolaannya Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian arkeologi Deetz yaitu pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan penafsiran data. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi bentuk fisik bangunan dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi pada gedung Birao. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak ditemukannya perubahan fisik yang signifikan pada gedung Birao. Namun terjadi perubahan pemaknaan pada gedung dari masa ke masa-masa akibat peristiwa-peristiwa yang dilaluinya. Selain itu, penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi berupa pemanfaatan kembali melalui komodifikasi bangunan serta rekomendasi untuk menjadikan gedung Birao sebagai landmark dari kota Tegal.

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This article discusses the life journey of the SCS head office (Birao) using the biography of things study. This study uses the Birao building as the main data that persists over time. This research was conducted to determine the life cycle and management recommendations. This paper uses the Deetz archaeological research method, namely data collection, data processing, and data interpretation. Data analysis was carried out by identifying the physical shape of the building and the events that occurred in the Birao building. The analysis results showed that there were no significant physical changes. However, changes in the meaning of the building prompted the proposal of the Birao building as a landmark for Tegal City, accompanied by recommendations for utilization through commodification."

"Pelacakan banjir yang dilakukan pada daerah tangkapan air dapat menggunakan transform method. Berdasarkan tingkat kebutuhan data yang diperlukan terdapat 2 perbedaan metode pada Komponen Transform Method yang cukup signifikan, yaitu SCS Unit Hydrograph dan Kinematic Wave. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menguji efisiensi penggunaan metode pada Komponen Transform Method HEC-HMS dengan membandingkan hidrograf aliran menggunakan metode SCS Unit Hydrograph (metode bersifat lump sump) dengan metode Kinematic wave (metode kebutuhan data saluran detail) terhadap sifat DAS Urban dan Rural. Efisiensi penggunaan metode akan dilihat berdasarkan perbandingan hasil hidrograf aliran. Perbandingan dilakukan dari 2 cara yaitu menghitung perbandingan debit puncak hidrograf pada masing-masing kondisi perhitungan dan tingkat kecocokan hidrograf. Tingkat kecocokan hidrograf dilihat dengan memplot nilai debit secara akumulatif dari kedua hidrograf hasil simulasi metode SCS Unit Hydrograph dengan metode Kinematic Wave. Hasil perbandingan hidrograf pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Sifat DAS Urban lebih sesuai menggunakan metode Kinematic wave dimana membutuhkan data yang lebih detail dikarenakan kondisi DAS yang lebih komplex. Sehingga apabila penggunaan metode pelacakan banjir lebih disesuaikan dengan kondisi sifat DAS, maka akan mendapatkan hasil analisis hidrologi yang lebih efektif.

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Flood tracking carried out in the catchment area can use transform method. Based on the level of data needed, there are 2 significant differences in the Transform Method method, namely the SCS Unit Hydrograph and Kinematic Wave. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of using the method on the Transform Method Component of HEC-HMS by comparing flow hydrographs using the SCS Unit Hydrograph method (method is lump sump) with the Kinematic wave method (method of detailed channel data requirements) on the nature of Urban and Rural Watersheds. The effectiveness of using the method will be seen based on the comparison of the results of the hydrograph. Comparison is done from 2 ways, namely calculating the ratio of peak hydrograph discharge to each calculation condition and the level of hydrograph compatibility. The hydrograph suitability level was seen by plotting accumulative discharge values from the two hydrographs produced by the SCS Unit Hydrograph method using the Kinematic Wave method. The results of the hydrograph comparison in this study indicate that the nature of the Urban Watershed is more suitable to use the Kinematic wave method which requires more detailed data because the watershed conditions are more complex. So that if the use of the flood tracking method is more adapted to the conditions of the watershed nature, it will get a more effective hydrological analysis."

"Hujan ekstrem melanda Kota Jakarta Timur pada tanggan 19 Februari 2021 dan menyebabkan banjir di sejumlah kelurahan. Penelitian dilakukan di bagian tengah Kali Sunter, Jakarta Timur yang mengalir melalui tiga kelurahan yaitu Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, dan Pondok Bambu. Tujuan penelitian adalah memodelkan sebaran wilayah bahaya banjir dan menganalisis karakteristik wilayah terdampak banjir berdasarkan penggunaan lahan serta topografi. Pembuatan peta genangan dan bahaya banjir dilakukan dengan: perhitungan debit banjir dengan metode SCS-CN, pemodelan genangan banjir dengan HEC-RAS, serta analisis karakteristik wilayah genangan banjir. Kombinasi tersebut efektif untuk memodelkan genangan saat kejadian curah hujan yang ekstrem. Berdasarkan penelitian, sebaran wilayah bahaya banjir yang tertinggi adalah yang berada di RW 004 Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu. Cipinang Melayu pun merupakan kelurahan dengan genangan terluas dengan hunian ukuran kecil dan sedang sebagai jenis penggunaan lahan paling terdampak. Karakteristik wilayah terdampak yaitu terdapat lahan hijau dan kosong yang mengurangi potensi air menggenangi bangunan atau penggunaan lahan lainnya. Bangunan yang berada di perumahan dengan tingkat bahaya rendah cenderung lebih teratur dan relatif berukuran sedang hingga besar. Sedangkan jenis hunian yang ada di Kelurahan Cipinang Melayu dengan tingkat bahaya tinggi cenderung rapat dan berukuran kecil hingga sedang, namun mayoritas memiliki dua lantai sebagai bentuk adaptasi banjir.

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Extreme rainfall in East Jakarta on February 19, 2021 caused flooding in a number of subdistricts. The research was conducted in the central part of Kali Sunter, which flows through three subdistricts, namely Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, and Pondok Bambu. The purpose of the study was to do flood hazard modeling and analyze the characteristics of flood-affected areas based on land use and topography. Inundation and flood hazard maps is done by: calculating the flood discharge using the SCS-CN method, flood inundation modelling using HEC-RAS, and analyzing the characteristics of the inundated area. This combination is effective for rapid modeling during extreme rainfall events. Based on the research, the distribution of the highest flood hazard area is in RW 004 Cipinang Melayu, with the widest inundation affecting small and medium-sized houses. The characteristics of the affected area are that there is green and empty land which reduces the potential for water to inundate buildings or other land uses. Buildings located in low-hazard housing areas tend to be more organized and relatively medium to large in size. While the types of housing in the Cipinang Melayu with a high level of danger tend to be dense and small to medium in size, but the majority have two floors as a form of flood adaptation. "

"Rainfall is the primary input into rainfall-runoff modeling. Previous work indicates that the accurate representation of rainfall in time and space is important due to its influence on the hydrological response. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance of theoretical indices of spatial rainfall variability and the theoretical criteria of the hydrological response proposed by Emmanuel et al. (2015) in a real case study. The distributed model CINECAR has been chosen to accommodate the spatial discretization of hydrological data. The production function of the model adopts the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number method, while the transfer function is based on a kinematic wave model. The simulations used weather radar data and also their average over the watershed, with a data resolution of 1×1 km2. They were conducted on the basis of 13 watersheds in the Gard region and four events in 2008 for each watershed. The difference between the distributed and averaged hydrographs obtained from the CINECAR model were calculated using two criteria, namely the difference in peak discharge (LQ) and the difference in peak time (TQ). The values of LQ and TQ represent the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the hydrological response. The spatially distributed rainfall was analyzed based on the values of its maximum Horizontal and Vertical Gab (HG and VG) to watershed centroid acting as indices, as proposed by Emmanuel. The analysis of the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the watershed response was conducted by quantification of the averaged and distributed hydrographs using the proposed indices and criteria. The results show that value of LQ rises by more than 50% for some events, and that TQ shows different times to peak between the average and distributed hydrographs. The values of the HG and VG indices accurately describe the rainfall distribution in the watershed. Therefore, these criteria and indices are effective in quantifying the influence of spatial rainfall variability on the hydrological modeling in particular events which are affected by rainfall distribution."

"Sintesis menggunakan kombinasi metode solution combustion synthesis (SCS) dan solid state telah dilakukan dan diuji coba untuk mendapatkan katode baterai ion litium LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1- xMoxO2/C dengan prekursor LiNO3, Ni(NO)3.6H2O, Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, Co(NO3)2.6H2O, (NH4)6Mo7O24, dan CH4N2O sebagai bahan bakar dengan dilarutkan dengan aquades dan diaduk menggunakan hot plate magnetic stirrer pada temperatur ruangan. Larutan dipanaskan pada temperature 100oC selama 1 jam hingga 200oC selama 2 jam hingga terbentuk pasta cokelat. Pemanasan lanjutan dilakukan pada muffle furnace pada temperature 500oC selama 2 jam, dan kalsinasi pada temperature 900oC selama 3 jam. Super-p carbon black ditambahkan sebagai adisi sebanyak 0,5 wt% dan dicampurkan dengan serbuk NMC 811 menggunakan agathe mortar selama 1 jam dan kalsinasi pada 300oC selama 3 jam. Serbuk berwarna hitam hasil sintesis dianalisis mikroskop elektron (SEM) untuk melihat morfologi, Hasil SEM menunjukkan sampel hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran dengan kisaran 0,1-1,55 µm. uJI difraksi sinar-X (XRD) untuk melihat kristalinitas dan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pergeseran puncak 2θ ke arah kanan karena pengaruh oksida logam yang terbentuk. Analisis elektrokimia dilakukan dengan impedansi elektrokimia (EIS) untuk melihat hambatan yang dihasilkan dan berpengaruh terhadap konduktivitas listrik dari katode. Hasil karakterisasi memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan Mo dengan jumlah tertentu dan karbon yang merata dapat meningkatkan konduktivitas listrik dari katode NMC 811. Uji Cyclic Voltamettry (CV) menunjukkan puncak oksidasi reduksi yang lebih dari 1 dan mengindikasikan pengotor.

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Synthesis using a combination of solution combustion synthesis (SCS) and solid state methods has been carried out and tested to obtain a lithium ion battery cathode LiNi0,8Mn0,1Co0,1-xMoxO2/C with precursors LiNO3, Ni(NO)3.6H2O, Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, Co(NO3)2.6H2O, (NH4)6Mo7O24, and CH4N2O as fuel by being dissolved in distilled water and stirred using a hot plate magnetic stirrer at room temperature. The solution was heated at a temperature of 100 oC for 1 hour to 200oC for 2 hours to form a dark brown paste. Further heating was carried out in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 500oC for 2 hours, and calcination at a temperature of 900oC for 3 hours. Super-p carbon black was added as addition as much as 0.5 wt% and mixed with NMC 811 powder using agathe mortar for 1 hour and calcined at 300oC for 3 hours. The synthesized black powder was analyzed by electron microscopy (SEM) to see morphology. SEM results showed that the synthesized sample had a size in the range of 0.1-1.55 m. X-ray diffraction test (XRD) to see the crystallinity and showed that there was a shift of the 2θ peak to the right due to the influence of the metal oxide formed. Electrochemical analysis was carried out with electrochemical impedance (EIS) to see the resulting resistance and its effect on the electrical conductivity of the cathode. The characterization results showed that the addition of a certain amount of Mo and an even distribution of carbon could increase the electrical conductivity of the NMC 811 cathode. Cyclic Voltamettry (CV) test showed an oxidation-reduction peak that was more than 1 and indicated an impurity."