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Abstrak :
Biopsi prostat merupakan Gold Standard dalam menegakkan diagnosakan kerprostat. Pada pelaksanaannya walaupun berbagai jenis farmakoterapi telah digunakan dalam proses biopsi namun masih menimbulkan efek nyeri baik derajat ringan, sedang maupun berat. Selain itu ansietas juga ditemukan pada pasien yang akan menjalankan prosedur biopsi prostat. Penelitian mengenai perbandingan efekelektroakupunktur dengan profenid suppositoria pada prosedur biopsi prostat dilakukan secara Quasi ekperimental terhadap 18 orang pasien dengan menilai derajat nyeri menggunakan skor VAS dan menilai perubahan skor kuesioner evaluasi diri SAI. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 9 orang kelompok perlakuan (Elektroakupunktur + 200 mg placebo suppositoria) dan 9 orang kelompok kontrol (Elektroakupunktur Sham + 200 mg Profenid Suppositoria). Proses sampling pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Poli Khusus Urologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna skor VAS antara kelompok Elektroakupunktur + 200 mg place bosuppositoria dengan Kelompok Elektroakupunktur Sham + 200 mg Profenid Suppositori adalam mengurangi nyeri akibat prosedur biopsy prostat t (P 0,011). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna skor SAI antara kelompok Elektroakupunktur + 200 mg place bosuppositoria dengan skor SAI Kelompok Elektroakupunktur Sham + 200 mg Profenid Suppositoria.SAI sebelum perlakuan (P 0,443) dan SAI sesudah (P 0,734) perlakuan. Kesimpulan : Elektroakupunktur dapat dijadikan salah satu modalitas terapi penunjang dalam mengatsi nyeri pada prosedur biopsi prostat. ......Prostate biopsy is a Gold Standard in diagnosing prostate cancer. In practice although various types of pharmacotherapy have been used in the biopsy process but still have a mild, moderate or severe degree of pain. In addition, anxiety is also found in patients who will perform prostate biopsy procedures. Research on the comparison of electroacupuncture effects with profenid suppository on prostate biopsy procedure was done by Quasiekperimental to 18 patients by assessing the degree of pain using VAS score and assessing SAI self-evaluation questionnaire scores change. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 9 treatment groups (Electroacupuncture + 200 mg placebo suppositoria) and 9 controls (Electroacupuncture Sham + 200 mg ProfenidSuppositoria). The sampling process in this research was carried out in special urology clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. There was a significant difference in VAS score between the Electroacupuncture group + 200 mg placebo suppository with Sham + 200 mg Profenid Suppositoria Group in reducing pain due to prostate biopsy procedure (P 0.011). There was no significant difference in SAI scores between the electroacupuncture group + 200 mg placebo suppository with SAI scores of Sham + 200 mg Profenid Suppositoria.SAI group before treatment (P 0.443) and SAI after (P 0.734) treatment. Conclusions: Electroacupuncture can be a modalities of therapyfor relieving pain in prostate biopsy procedure.

Abstrak :
Prosedur esofagogastroduodenoskopi (EGD) dapat menimbulkan kecemasan, sehingga diperlukan intervensi untuk membuat pasien tenang dan rileks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek akupunktur telinga terhadap kecemasan dan tekanan darah serta frekuensi denyut nadi pasien pada prosedur EGD. Penelitian acak tersamar tunggal dengan kontrol ini melibatkan 40 pasien yang dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan yang mendapatkan akupunktur telinga menggunakan press needle pada titik shenmen, relaksasi dan zero point. Sedangkan kelompok kedua sebagai kontrol mendapatkan press needle sham pada titik yang sama. Pengukuran kecemasan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) yang diberikan sebelum intervensi dan 10 menit setelah endoskopi selesai. Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah dan frekuensi nadi sebelum intervensi, selama dan setelah EGD. Terdapat penurunan skor SAI yang bermakna pada kelompok akupunktur (p<0,001). Rerata selisih skor SAI kelompok akupunktur lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok sham (p<0,001). Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata tekanan darah dan frekuensi denyut nadi antara kedua kelompok. Akupunktur telinga menggunakan press needle pada titik shenmen, relaksasi dan zero point dapat menurunkan kecemasan pasien selama prosedur EGD. ...... Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedure can cause anxiety, so that the necessary interventions that can make patients relax and calm. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of auricular acupuncture towards anxiety, blood pressure and pulse rate of patient on the oesophagogastroduodenoscopy procedure. This randomised, single blinded study with 40 patients undergoing EGD without sedation were divide into two groups acupuncture and sham acupuncture group. Patients received press needle or sham press needle at the shenmen, relaxation, and zero point. Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) before and 10 min after procedure. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored before intervention, during and after endoscopy using automated blood pressure monitor. Mean score of SAI were decreased after auricular acupuncture (p<0,001). Mean difference score of acupuncture group was higher than sham group (p<0.001). The mean change in systolic and diastole blood pressure and pulse rate between groups were not significant different. Auricular acupuncture with press needle on senmen, relaxation and zero point reduces anxiety during EGD procedure.

Abstrak :
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK), or The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia, has introduced performance audits intensively since public sector audit reforms were initiated in 2001. However, the implementation of performance audits still faces several obstacles. This study examines the development of the performance audit methodology in BPK, which can be divided into three stages: before the revitalization of BPK in 2006, the initial development of performance audits during 2006-2010, and the maturity of the implementation of performance audits since 2011. This study concludes that several key factors have affected the implementation of performance audits at BPK, including the development of audit guidelines, the dynamics of medium-term government planning, the focus of the BPK’s Management, and assistance provided by other supreme audit institutions (SAI). To address new realities and challenges in the future, more sophisticated performance audit methods need to be adopted by BPK, such as big data analytics, the adoption of governance audits, and employing public policy analysis. Without adopting such methods, the institutionalization of ​​effective performance audits might not be achieved in the future.