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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini mengkaji kudeta selama masa pemerintahan Necmettin Erbakan dan Recep Tayyib Erdogan, di mana hasil kedua kudeta tersebut menunjukkan kontradiksi. Penelitian ini menggambarkan secara kualitatif faktor-faktor yang memimpin kudeta dengan melihat faktor militer internal dan eksternal. Mengacu pada teori penyebab kudeta oleh Eric Nordlinger menemukan bahwa, pertama Keberhasilan atau kegagalan kudeta ditentukan oleh kondisi internal militer, semakin kuat militer internal, semakin besar kemungkinan kudeta akan berhasil. Keberhasilan kudeta terhadap Erbakan didorong oleh faktor militer internal yang kuat dan kegagalan kudeta terhadap Erdogan disebabkan oleh faktor militer internal yang lemah melalui amandemen konstitusi 1982. Jika stabilitas dan keamanan negara stabil maka peluang kudeta untuk berhasil sangat kecil. Kegagalan kudeta terhadap Erdogan adalah efek dari stabilitas dan keamanan negara yang cenderung lebih stabil dan aman daripada selama pemerintahan Erbakan yang menderita krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan dan masalah-masalah Kurdi yang tak berujung.

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ABSTRAK
This thesis examines coups during the reign of Necmettin Erbakan and Recep Tayyib Erdogan, in which the result of those two coups show a contradiction. This study describes qualitatively the factors that led the coup by looking at internal and external military factors. Referring to the theory of the cause of coup by Eric Nordlinger found that, first The success or failure of a coup is determined by the internal condition of the military, the stronger the internal military, the more likely the coup will succeed. The success of the coup against Erbakan was driven by a strong internal military factor and the failure of the coup against Erdogan was caused by the weak internal military factor through the 1982 constitutional amendment. If the stability and security of the country is stable then the chances of coup to be succeeded are very small. The failure of the coup against Erdogan was the effect of the stability and security of the state which tended to be more stable and secure than during the Erbakan government which suffered a prolonged economic crisis and the endless Kurdish problems.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh untuk menyelidiki persepsi dan pandangan diaspora Turki yang tinggal di Indonesia tentang kepemimpinan Turki saat ini. Tujuan penelitian memperdalam pemahaman tentang bagaimana diaspora Turki di Indonesia memandang tata kelola politik, ekonomi, dan sosial Turki di bawah kepemimpinan Recep Tayyib Erdogan. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor budaya, historis, dan politik yang membentuk pandangan dengan menggali referensi dari literatur terkait serta wawancara mendalam dengan anggota komunitas Turki di Indonesia. Metodologi penelitian mencakup analisis kualitatif melibatkan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner, tesis ini mengkaji dampak kebijakan politik Turki terhadap diaspora Turki di Indonesia dan bagaimana pengalaman mereka memengaruhi persepsi terhadap kepemimpinan Turki. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi berharga bagi pemahaman internasional tentang dinamika politik dan kebijakan luar negeri Turki, serta memberikan wawasan tentang interaksi antara diaspora Turki dan identitas nasional mereka di luar negeri. Penelitian ini juga dapat memberikan masukan kebijakan bagi pemerintah Turki dalam memahami harapan dan aspirasi warganya yang tinggal di luar negeri, khususnya di Indonesia. ......This research was motivated by investigating the perceptions and views of Turkish diaspora living in Indonesia regarding the current Turkish leadership. The research objective is to deepen understanding of how the Turkish diaspora in Indonesia views Turkey's political, economic and social governance under the leadership of Recep Tayyib Erdogan. This research analyzes the cultural, historical and political factors that shape views by exploring references from related literature as well as in-depth interviews with members of the Turkish community in Indonesia. The research methodology includes qualitative analysis involving observation techniques, interviews and literature studies. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis examines the impact of Turkish political policies on the Turkish diaspora in Indonesia and how their experiences influence perceptions of Turkish leadership. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a valuable contribution to international understanding of the dynamics of Turkish politics and foreign policy, as well as provide insight into the interactions between the Turkish diaspora and their national identity abroad. This research can also provide policy input for the Turkish government in understanding the hopes and aspirations of its citizens living abroad, especially in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini akan membahas competitive authoritarian regime di Turki pada kasus referendum 2017. Refendum 2017 merupakan inisiasi Erdo-an yang sejak 2011 mengatakan bahwa Turki akan semakin kuat dan stabil apabila menganut sistem presidensial. Erdo-an didukung oleh AKP dan MHP di Parlemen, sedangkan HDP dan CHP menolak karena poin-poin amandemen dapat menghasilkan otoritarianisme di Turki. Referendum diselenggarakan pada kondisi darurat negara setelah kudeta gagal pada 2016 oleh kelompok G len. Pada perencanaan dan prosesnya, ditemukan beberapa dinamika politik yang terjadi di Turki yaitu tindak represi terhadap kelompok oposisi, ketimpangan sumber daya dan akses kampanye, serta adanya indikasi kecurangan yang terjadi dalam proses referendum. Dengan demikian, temuan-temuan tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa rezim Erdo-an mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai competitive authoritarian pada kasus referendum 2017. ......This thesis discusses the case of Erdo an regime on the case of Turkish referendum 2017. The referendum was initiated by Erdo an, whom argued that presidential system will make the country stronger and more stable. The referendum was supported by AKP and MHP in the Parliament, but then opposed by HDP and CHP due to their concern of one man rule in Turkey. The referendum was held in the state emergency situation since the failed coup attempt on 2016 by the G lenists. In the preparation and process, there were repression to the oppositions, uneven access to the resources and campaign, and some indication of an unfair election. Based on the findings, this thesis concluded that Erdo an rsquo s regime had implemented and embodied the competitive authoritarian model, especially in the case of the 2017's referendum.