Hasil Pencarian

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Hasil Pencarian

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Arini Wulansari
"ABSTRAK
Kementerian kesehatan bertugas dalam penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan di bidang kesehatan. Upaya kesehatan didukung oleh sumber daya di bidang kesehatan meliputi perbekalan sediaan farmasi, alat kesehatan, dan perbekalan kesehatan lainnya termasuk perbekalan kesehatan rumah tangga PKRT . Pengawasan dan penetapan regulasi terkait penjaminan mutu sumber daya di bidang kesehatan dilakukan oleh personil yang memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya yaitu tenaga kesehatan, termasuk Apoteker. Praktik kerja profesi dilaksanakan di Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan selama dua pekan, bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur organisasi dan memahami tugas pokok, fungsi, tanggung jawab apoteker, serta mendapat gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan kefarmasian di di Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI, khususnya di Direktorat Pengawasan Alat Kesehatan dan PKRT. Salah satu permasalahan yang ditemukan yaitu kasus hasil negatif palsu pada penggunaan alat kesehatan diagnostik in vitro Rapid Test HIV. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisis akar penyebab masalah terkait kasus tersebut sebagai tugas khusus selama praktik kerja profesi di instansi pemerintah. Analisis dilakukan dengan melakukan tinjauan pustaka dan diskusi dengan personil dari Direktorat Pengawasan Alat Kesehatan dan PKRT. Hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa akar penyebab masalah yang paling dominan yaitu kondisi saat pendistribusian alat kesehatan yang tidak terkontrol dan kurangnya kemampuan penelusuran penanganan produk dalam rantai distribusi alat kesehatan.
ABSTRACT
The Ministry of Health is in charge of administering governmental affairs in the health sector. Health promotions are supported by health resources including pharmaceutical supplies, medical devices and other health supplies including household health supplies perbekalan kesehatan rumah tangga/PKRT . Supervision and stipulation of regulation related to quality assurance of health resources is performed by competent health personnel, including pharmacist. This internship held in Directorate General of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices for two weeks was aimed to get a knowledge about the organizational structure and to understand the main tasks, functions, pharmacist responsibilities, and get a real picture about the pharmaceutical issues in the Directorate General of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices of the Ministry of Health, especially in the Directorate of Medical Devices and Household Health Supplies Monitoring. One of the problems found was the case of false-negative results on the use of in vitro diagnostic medical device Rapid Test HIV. Therefore, the root causes analysis related to the case was conducted as a specific assignment during phamacists internship in government institute. The analysis was conducted by doing literature reviews and discussions with personnel from the Directorate of Medical Device Monitoring and PKRT. The result of the analysis concluded that the dominant root cause of the case is the uncontrolled distribution condition of medical devices and lack of traceability in medical devices product handling during distribution chain. "
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2018
PR-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Leonardo
"[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Dalam pembuktian kasus persetubuhan, anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik memiliki nilai bukti yang rendah. Dokter Forensik hanya dapat membuktikan persetubuhan dengan ditemukannya cairan mani atau sel sperma pada pemeriksaan penunjang. Baru-baru ini dikembangkan rapid test SD Bioline Semen Inspection yang sensitif dan spesifik untuk menemukan prostate-spesific antigen (PSA) yang merupakan salah satu dari kandungan cairan mani. Diharapkan metode ini dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pembuktian kasus persetubuhan. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui nilai diagnostik alat SD Bioline Semen Inspection dalam mendeteksi adanya PSA pada usapan vagina, dan gambaran perbandingan nilai diagnostiknya pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 1-3 hari dan 4-7 hari sebelum dilakukan pemeriksaan. Metode :uji diagnostik dengam metode potong lintang, membandingkan antara rapid test SD Bioline Semen Inspection dengan Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA). Hasil : Nilai diagnostik alat SD Bioline Semen Inspection pada penelitian ini menunjukkan sensitivitas 44,44%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 86,11%, prevalensi 22,5% dan akurasi 87,5%. Pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 1-3 hari sebelum pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai diagnostik sensitivitas 50%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 89,29%, prevalensi 9,35% dan akurasi 90,32%. Pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 4-7 hari sebelum pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai diagnostik sensitivitas 33,33%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 75%, prevalensi 33,33% dan akurasi 77,78%. Kesimpulan : SD Bioline Semen Inspection dapat digunakan dalam pelayanan kedokteran Forensik untuk membuktikan adanya PSA, namun perlu dilakukan uji konfirmasi dengan modalitas lain jika didapatkan hasil negatif.

ABSTRACT
Background : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities.;Background : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities., Background : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities.]"
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2015
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dewi Anggraeni
"Penularan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang mudah membuat perkembangan penyakit tersebut sangat cepat di Indonesia bahkan di seluruh dunia. Penelusuran riwayat kontak dan metode deteksi cepat dapat digunakan untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan penularan COVID-19. Rapid Test antibodi merupakan metode deteksi cepat yang banyak digunakan, namun akurasi Rapid Test antibodi tidak 100%. Parameter hematologi berupa Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit (RNL) diketahui dapat memberi gambaran terkit inflamasi sistemik di awal infeksi. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai gambaran RNL pada pasien suspek COVID-19 dengan hasil Rapid Test antibodi nonreaktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi gambaran rasio RNL dalam upaya mengidentifikasi peran RNL pada populasi suspek dengan hasil Rapid Test antibodi nonreaktif. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan hasil pemeriksaan darah mahasiswa dan karyawan yang tinggal di Asrama UI. Sebanyak 70 sampel darah dikumpulkan, kemudian diberlakukan Rapid Test antibodi dan pemeriksaan hematologi lengkap menggunakan hematology Analyzer untuk mendapatkan nilai RNL. Seluruh hasil Rapid Test antibodi yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil nonreaktif. Hasil dari pemeriksaan hematologi lengkap menunjukkan 65 subjek penelitian memiliki nilai RNL di dalam kisaran normal (1,88 ± 0,57) dan 5 subjek penelitian memiliki nilai RNL lebih tinggi dari nilai normal (4,2 ± 1,31). Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasi bahwa Rapid Test antibodi yang dilakukan pada pasien suspek menghasilkan persentase true nonreactive sebesar 92,8% dan false nonreactive sebesar 7,14%. Dari hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa RNL potensial untuk membantu melengkapi dan menerangkan hasil nonreaktif dari Rapid Test antibodi.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease which makes it easier to spread around the nation, even the world. Contact tracing and rapid detection methods for COVID-19 is the schemes to prevent and control the spread. Rapid antibody test is one of the rapid detection methods, but the accuracy is under 100%. Hematology parameter such as Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is one of the easy and rapid way to fit up the accuracy of rapid antibody test, since NLR is able to picture the systemic inflammation of early infection. The study regarding representation of NLR on COVID-19 suspect patients with nonreactive result of Rapid Antibody Test is conducted. The aim of the study is to evaluate the NLR ratio in order to identificate role of NLR on suspect populations with nonreactive result of Rapid Antibody Test. This study is using medical record data from student and employees who stayed at Asrama UI. As much as 70 blood samples were collected and proceeded to do the Rapid Antibody Test and complete blood count using hematology analyzer to determine NLR. All samples showed nonreactive results to Rapid Antibody Test. The complete blood count showed that 65 objects had NLR value in the normal range (1,88 ± 0,57) and 5 objects had NLR value higher than normal range (4,2 ± 1,31). The results of this study indicate that the Rapid Antibody Test performed resulted in the percentage of true nonreactive of 92.8% and false nonreactive of 7.14%. To be concluded, NLR was potential as a supporting data to complete and describe the nonreactive result of Rapid Antibody Test."
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Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Physiological quality is one of the parameter used to determine the seed quality standard in a certification procedure. Information on the physiological quality often not readily available since germination test as a direst test takes time...."
JSTA 11:1 (2009)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Praba Ginandjar
"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Penentuan daerah endemis merupakan langkah paling awal yang harus dilakukan dalam program eliminasi filariasis. Dalam program eliminasi filariasis global WHO menganjurkan penggunaan metode serodiagnosis. Untuk filariasis brugia, metode serodiagnosis terbaik yang ada saat ini adalah deteksi antibodi IgG4 anti-filaria. Deteksi tersebut telah dikembangkan dalam bentuk dipstik (disebut brugia rapid) yang pengerjaannya sangat mudah dan singkat. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui apakah brugia rapid dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi IgG4 anti-filaria terhadap B. timori dan menentukan daerah endemis filariasis timori.
Penelitian ini merupakan studi uji diagnostik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebagai pembanding digunakan metode baku emas diagnosis filariasis secara mikroskopis melalui deteksi mikrofilaria dengan teknik membran filtrasi (data sekunder), Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mainang di Pulau Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, menggunakan 500 sampel. Untuk melihat perbedaan hasil membran filtrasi dan brugia rapid dalam mendeteksi infeksi filariasis digunakan uj: Chi-square Mc-Nemar.
Hasil dan kesimpulan: Dalam peneltitian ini diperoleh angka infeksi filariasis berdasarkan pemeriksaan membran filtrasi sebesar 27,2%, sedangkan berdasarkan brugia rapid sebesar 77%. Uji McNemar menyatakan kedua metode tersebut memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p=0,000). Hasil pemeriksaan dengan brugia rapid memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 31,59% terhadap membran filtrasi.
Disimpulkan bahwa: Metode brugia rapid dapat digunakan sebagai indikator daerah endemis filariasis timori. Brugia rapid dapat mendeteksi adanya infeksi filariasis timori, namun tidak dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan angka mikrofilaria. Brugia rapid memberikan hasil yang lebih sensitif dibandingkan membran filtrasi. Brugia rapid dapat mendeteksi populasi normal endemik, karier mikrofilaremia dan pasien filariasis kronis di daerah endemis filariasis timori.

Scope and method: Identification of endemic area is needed to initiate global elimination program of filariasis. In such program, WHO proposed a serodiagnostic method to determine the endemic areas. The best serodiagnostic method for brugian filariasis is anti-filarial IgG4 antibody detection, which is now being available in dipstick format (named brugia rapid test). The test is easy to perform and the result can be read in ten minutes. In this study I intended to test the ability of brugia rapid to detect filariasis infection in order to determine timorian filariasis endemic area.
This was a cross-sectional diagnostic test study done in Mainang Puskesmas, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 500 people were participated in this study. Conventional method, filtration membrane technique, was used as control method (secondary data). The result was analyzed by McNemar Chi-square test.
Result and conclusion: This present study showed that filariasis infection rate based on filtration membrane technique (mf rate) was 27.2%, while brugia rapid was 77.0%. McNemar test clarified that both methods were significantly different (p=0.000). Examination using brugia rapid has 100% sensitivity and 31.59% specificity against filtration membrane.
Based on the results, it was concluded that: Brugia rapid method could be applied as indicator to determine timorian filariasis endemic areas. Brugia rapid was able to detect timorian filariasis infection, but mf rate cannot be predicted by brugia rapid. However, brugia rapid gave more sensitive result compared to filtration membrane. Besides, brugia rapid was able to detect endemic normal, microfilaraemic carriers and chronic lymphoedema patients.
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Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2003
T11293
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sonia Hanifati
"Latar belakang: Gonore merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan sebagian besar infeksi gonore pada perempuan bersifat asimtomatik. Dibutuhkan sebuah tes cepat untuk mendiagnosis servisitis gonore dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang baik. Tujuan: menentukan nilai diagnostik dari ENCODE Gonorrhea Rapid Test (GRT) dalam mendiagnosis servisitis gonore pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan perempuan risiko tinggi, baik simtomatik maupun asimtomatik, yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo dan Panti Sosial Karya Wanita Mulya Jaya selama bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2018. Apusan endoserviks diambil dari tiap subjek dengan urutan acak untuk pemeriksaan ENCODE GRT, pewarnaan Gram, dan biakan. Hasil: Sebanyak 44 subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi gonore dalam penelitian ini sebesar 9,1%. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas ENCODE GRT adalah 75% (IK 95%: 19,41% sampai 99,37%) dan 100% (IK 95%: 91,19% sampai 100%), dengan nilai duga positif dan negatif sebesar 100% and 97,56% (IK 95%: 87,99% sampai 99,54%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ENCODE Gonorrhea Rapid Test dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mendiagnosis servisitis gonore pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta.

Background: Gonorrhea is one of health problems in Indonesia and most infections in women are asymptomatic. Thus, a rapid test with good sensitivity and specificity is needed to aid gonorrhea cervicitis. Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of ENCODE GRT in diagnosing gonorrhea cervicitis among high-risk women in Jakarta. Methods: This cross-sectional study included symptomatic and asymptomatic high risk women visiting Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo dan Panti Sosial Karya Wanita Mulya Jaya during August-October 2018. Endo-cervical swabs from each participant were taken in random sequence for ENCODE GRT, Gram staining, and culture. Results: A total of 44 participants were enrolled. Gonorrhea prevalence was 9.1% in this study. The sensitivity and specificity for ENCODE Gonorrhea Rapid Test were 75% (19.41% to 99.37%) and 100% (91.19% to 100%). Positive and negative predictive value were 100% and 97.56% (87.99% to 99.54%). Conclusion: ENCODE GRT may become alternative diagnostic test among high-risk women in Jakarta."
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2019
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fitri Azizah
"Servisitis klamidia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup signifikan di Indonesia karena sulitnya diagnosis pasti klamidia. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang mudah dan murah dilakukan yaitu pewarnaan Gram namun memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang rendah. Pemeriksaan baku emas adalah polymerase chain reaction (PCR) namun membutuhkan biaya mahal dan membutuhkan fasilitas laboratorium lengkap. Dibutuhkan sebuah tes cepat untuk mendiagnosis klamidiosis dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang lebih baik dari pewarnaan Gram. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan nilai diagnostik dari QuickStripe™ Chlamydia rapid test (CRT) dalam mendiagnosis servisitis klamidia pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta. Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan perempuan risiko tinggi, baik simtomatik maupun asimtomatik, yang berada di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks Watunas Mulya Jaya selama bulan Juni hingga Juli 2020. Apusan endoserviks diambil dari tiap subjek dengan urutan acak untuk pemeriksaan QuickStripe™ CRT, pewarnaan Gram, dan real time PCR. Sebanyak 41 subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas QuickStripe™ CRT pada penelitian ini adalah 73,6% (IK 95%: 48,80% sampai 90,85%) dan 81,82% (IK 95%: 59,72% sampai 94,81%), dengan nilai duga positif dan negatif sebesar 77,78% (IK 95%: 58,09% sampai 89,84%) dan 78,05% (IK 95%: 62,39% sampai 89,44%). Proporsi servisitis klamidia berdasarkan real-time PCR pada penelitian ini adalah 46,3%. Sebuah studi menyatakan bahwa penggunaan rapid test dengan sensitivitas suboptimal pada populasi risiko tinggi dapat meningkatkan angka pengobatan dibandingkan penggunaan baku emas yang membutuhkan kunjungan ulang agar pasien mendapatkan pengobatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa QuickStripe™ CRT dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mendiagnosis servisitis klamidia pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta.
.....Chlamydial cervicitis is one of health problems in Indonesia due to difficulty of definitive diagnosis for Chlamydia trachomatis. Gram staining is quick and affordable and usually done to make presumptive diagnosis despite its low sensitivity and specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered gold standard but costly, technically demanding and difficult to be performed in low-resource settings. Thus, a rapid test with higher sensitivity and specificity is needed to aid chlamydial cervicitis. This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of QuickStripe™ Chlamydia rapid tests (CRT) in diagnosing chlamydial cervicitis among high-risk women in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study included symptomatic and asymptomatic high risk women in Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks Watunas Mulya Jaya during June to July 2020. Endocervical swabs from each participant were taken for QuickStripe™ CRT, Gram staining, and real time PCR. A total of 41 participants were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity for QuickStripe™ CRT were 73.6% (95% CI: 48,80% to 90.85%) and 81.82% (95% CI: 59.72% to 94.81%). Positive and negative predictive value were 77.78% (95% CI: 58.09% to 89.84%) and 78.05% (95% CI: 62.39% to 89.44%). Chlamydial cervicitis proportion based on real-time PCR was 46.3% in this study. A modelling study stated that a rapid test with suboptimal sensitivity in a high risk setting can improve rates of treatment compared to a gold standard test that requires return visits for patients to receive results and treatment. We concluded that QuickStripe™ CRT may become alternative diagnostic test among high-risk women in Jakarta."
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2020
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Rotavirus causes 25?55% of all hospital admissions for diarrhea and approximately 611.000 deaths every year in developing countries. Clinically, it is not possible to recognize the diarrhea caused by rotavirus and other infections. To know a causative agent of rotavirus gastroenteritis, availability of an accurate diagnosis assay is necessary. Therefore, we developed real time RT-PCR assay (rRT-PCR) assay for confirmation of infections of Group A or C rotaviruses simultaneously. A total of 54 stool samples obtained from pediatric patients (< 5 years old) was used in this study. All
samples were tested for Group A rotavirus by Serological rapid test. Result of serological rapid test was compared with rRT-PCR assay to obtain the test accuracies of both assays. Result of this study showed that rates of positive testing for Group A rotavirus by serological rapid test and the rRT-PCR assay were 22.22% and 18.50%, espectively. Forty-two serology-negative specimens for Group A rotavirus were also PCR negative (100% specificity). Two serology-positive specimens for Group A rotavirus was rRT-PCR negative (confirmed by electrophoresis gel); therefore, rRT-PCR assay
represents the decrease of 3.70% in the number of specimens that are positive for Group A rotavirus. For Group C rotavirus, all tested samples were no rRT-PCR positive and the results need to be confirmed in the future. "
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[Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia;Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia], 2010
AJ-Pdf
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ika Yasma Yanti
"Infeksi Clostridium difficile toksigenik meningkat tajam pada satu dekade terakhir, menyebabkan pseudo membran colitis (PMC) dan Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD). Salah satu faktor risikonya adalah penggunaan antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui prevalensi dan gambaran karakteristik subyek dengan Clostridium difficile toksigenik serta menilai kemampuan rapid test toksin terhadap real time PCR. Subyek penelitian prospektif ini adalah 90 subyek dewasa dengan terapi antibiotik lebih dari 2 minggu. Hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan rapid test dan real time PCR disajikan dalam tabel 2x2, dilakukan uji statistik dengan chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 2 spesimen dieksklusi karena hasil invalid, 24 spesimen positif dan 64 negatif dengan rapid test toksin; 33 spesimen positif dan 55 negatif dengan real time PCR. Prevalensi Clostridium difficile toksigenik berdasar rapid test toksin adalah 27,3% dan real time PCR 37,5%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara konsistensi feses dan jumlah antibiotik dengan terdeteksinya Clostridium difficile toksigenik (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara lama terapi antibiotik dengan terdeteksinya Clostridium difficile toksigenik menggunakan real time PCR (p=0,010, RR=2,116). Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif, rasio kemungkinan positif dan rasio kemungkinan negatif rapid test toksin terhadap real time PCR berturut-turut adalah 69,7%; 98,2%; 95,8%; 84,4%; 39,2 dan 0,31. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi Clostridium difficile di RSCM lebih tinggi dibanding Malaysia, Thailand dan India; subyek dengan terapi antibiotik lebih dari 4 minggu berisiko terdeteksi Clostridium difficile toksigenik 2 kali lebih besar dibanding subyek dengan terapi antibiotik kurang dari 4 minggu; rapid test toksin dapat digunakan sebagai alat deteksi Clostridium difficile toksigenik.

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile infection have increased sharply in the last decade, causing a pseudo membrane colitis (PMC) and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD). One of the biggest risk factor is the use of antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of subjects with toxigenic Clostridium difficile and assess the ability of the toxin rapid test compared to real-time PCR. Ninety adult subjects with antibiotic therapy more than 2 weeks were enrolled to this prospective study. The results of toxin rapid test and real-time PCR were presented in 2x2 table, statistical tests was calculated with chi square. Two specimens were excluded due to invalid results. The results showed 24 positive and 64 negative specimens by toxin rapid test; 33 positive and 55 negative specimens by real-time PCR. The prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile based on toxin rapid test were 27.3% and 37.5% by real-time PCR. There were significant differences between stool consistency and number of antibiotics that were used with the detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. There was a relationship between duration of antibiotic therapy with detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile using real-time PCR (p = 0.010, RR = 2.116). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of toxin rapid test against real-time PCR were 69.7%; 98.2%; 95.8%; 84.4%; 39.2 and 0.31, respectively. The study concluded that the prevalence of Clostridium difficile in RSCM was higher than Malaysia, Thailand and India; subjects with antibiotic therapy for more than 4 weeks had double risk to have toxigenic Clostridium difficile than subjects with antibiotic therapy for less than 4 weeks and toxin rapid test could be used as a tool to detect toxigenic Clostridium difficile.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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