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Abstrak :
The research aimed to role out the genetic variability and the classification of Java Salacca based on its morphological and molecular characters and to find out the genetic relationship among salacca cultivars that can be selected as parental material for breeding program. The salacca from Manonjaya (West Java), Banjarnegara, Bejalen, Lawu and Saratan (Central Java), Super Pondoh, Black Pondoh, Gading, Kembangarum, Madu and Manggala (Sleman-Yogyakarta) and Suwaru (East Java) were used in our study. Morphological characters and classification analysis by RAPD method with six random primers (OPA-11, OPA-16, OPA-17, OPA-18, OPX-15, OPX-17) were used as classification variable. The genetic variability among cultivars of Java Salacca was presented by the similarity matrixes and dendogram. Based on the morphological classification, the twelve salacca cultivars was divided at four clusters: 1) Manonjaya, Manggala, Suwaru and Kembangarum, 2) Super Pondoh and Black Pondoh, 3) Banjarnegara, Saratan and Bejalen, 4) gading, Madu and Lawu. Based on the molecular-RAPD method, the twelve salacca cultivars was also divided into four clusters but difference member of cultivars: 1) Super Pondoh, Banjarnegara, Black Pondoh, gading, Kembangarum and Suwaru, 2) Bejalen, Saratan and Lawu, 3) madu and Manggala, and 4) Manonjaya. Based on the two classification system used in the study I found the close relationship of Saratan Salacca and Bejalen Salacca from Central Java origin also Super Pondoh Salacca and Black Pondoh Salacca from Sleman-Yogyakarta origin.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
High annealing temperature - random amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) marker was used to identify and investigate the genetic relationship among 15 Paphiopedilum species of Venus slipper. The total of 72 primers was screened and 16 primers could be used for DNA amplification with clear amplified products to construct DNA fingerprints. The total of 248 polymorphic bands was found. A dendrogram, which constructed from the polymorphic bands using UPGMA by the NTSYS program, showed genetic similarities among 15 Paphiopedilum species with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.252 to 0.624. The orchids were classified into 3 clusters. These results indicated that the HAT-RAPD markers are capable to specify Paphiopedilum, and can be used in the breeding program and for genetic resource conservation in the future.

Abstrak :
Santalum album L.(sandalwood/cendana)is known as one of medicinal and arometic tree species in Indonesia.The species is valued for its quality light wood timber and and for its medicinal properties....

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Abstrak Moringa peregrina dan M. oleifera adalah dua spesies Moringa (Kelor) yang tersebar secara alami di Arab Saudi. Kedua spesies ini memiliki sifat tahan kekeringan serta memiliki kandungan nutrisi dan bahan obat yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian keanekaragaman genetik akan sangat berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi dan kandungan bahan obat kedua tanaman ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi biotipe baru dari spesies Moringa Arab Saudi yang teramati di daerah Al Bahah. Sebanyak 11 primer RAPD dan 15 primer ISSR digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi biotipe baru dan membandingkannya dengan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera. Level polimorfisme yang dihasilkan setiap penanda molekular dihitung dan koefisien Nei diperkirakan untuk mengetahui jarak genetik dari setiap spesies. Level polimorfisme dari RAPD dan ISSR secara berturut-turut adalah 59.7% dan 75%. Analisis dari RAPD dan ISSR menunjukkan bahwa biotipe baru memiliki 53 pita (43.44%) yang sama dengan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera, 29 pita (23.77%) dengan M. peregrina saja, 22 pita (18.03%) dengan M. oleifera saja, dan 18 pita (14.75%) unik. Berdasarkan data RAPD, jarak genetik antara M. oleifera dan M. peregrina adalah 0.59 sedangkan jarak genetik biotipe baru dengan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera secara berturut-turut adalah 0.41 dan 0.54. Berdasar data ISSR, jarak genetik antara M. oleifera dan M. peregrina adalah 0.98 sedangkan jarak genetik biotipe baru dengan M. peregrina dan M. oleifera secara berturut-turut adalah 0.59 dan 0.56. ......Moringa peregrina and M. oleifera are the only Moringa (Kelor) species found in Saudi Arabia. Both species are drought resistant and have very high nutritional and medicinal properties. Detection of genetic diversity is of great value for the improvement of nutritional and medicinal value of these plants. The aim of the present I. Robiansyah et al. Characterization of A New Biotype Moringa of Saudi Arabia Using RAPD And ISSR Markers 100 | study was to characterize a new biotype Moringa observed in Al Bahah Region, Saudi Arabia. We used 11 RAPD and 15 ISSR primers to characterize and compare the new biotype with M. peregrina and M. oleifera. Level of polymorphism generated by each marker was calculated. We also calculate Nei's coefficient to measure the genetic distance between the studied species. Level of polymorphism generated by RAPD and ISSR was 59.7% and 75%, respectively. RAPD and ISSR primers revealed that the new biotype shared 53 amplicons (43.44%) with both M. peregrina and M. oleifera, 29 amplicons with M. peregrina (2377%), 22 amplicons (18.03%) with M. oleifera, and displayed 18 unshared amplicons (14.75%). Based on RAPD data, genetic distance between M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.59, whereas genetic distance between the new biotype and M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.41 and 0.54, respectively. For ISSR data, genetic distance between M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.98, whereas genetic distance between the new biotype and M. oleifera and M. peregrina was 0.59 and 0.56, respectively

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ABSTRACT
High Annealing Temperature-Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) markers were used to study the genetic relationship among 15 samples of orchids in the genus Eria. DNA amplification of 31 random primers out of 72 random primers was successful. In this study, we selected 21 random primers with clear amplified products for further genetic analysis. The result showed significant differences among all samples and also showed specific bands in each sample. Moreover, we found 21 random primers which tended to be DNA markers for further identification. Based on polymorphic bands, a dendrogram was constructed. Genetic similarities among 15 samples of Eria species were demonstrated, and the samples could be classified into 3 groups with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.36 to 0.85.

Abstrak :
Bacopa sp. merupakan genus tanaman air yang umumnya digunakan sebagai tanaman hias akuarium. Sekitar 60 spesies Bacopa tersebar di seluruh dunia. Namun, data molekuler dan analisis filogenetik terhadap spesies-spesies tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tujuh spesies Bacopa menggunakan penanda molekuler dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antar spesies melalui nilai jarak genetik. Sebanyak tujuh spesies Bacopa diamati secara morfologi dan diidentifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan sekuens rbcL melalui metode DNA Barcoding dan RAPD marker. Hasil amplifikasi DNA Bacopa sp. divisualisasikan pada gel agarosa dengan konsentrasi 1,5% (rbcL) dan 2% (RAPD marker). Data yang didapatkan kemudian diolah menggunakan aplikasi MEGA (rbcL) dan NTSys (RAPD marker) untuk diketahui hubungan kekerabatannya. Amplifikasi tujuh spesies Bacopa sp. menggunakan rbcL menghasilkan tujuh amplikon yang berukuran sekitar 600 bp. Selain itu, amplifikasi menggunakan delapan primer RAPD juga berhasil dilakukan pada lima spesies Bacopa sp. dan menunjukkan tingkat polimorfisme sebesar 100%. Bacopa rotundifolia dan B. myriophylloides tidak berhasil diamplifikasi oleh delapan primer RAPD karena ketidakcocokan cetakan DNA dengan primer. Analisis filogenetik berdasarkan sekuens rbcL menggunakan metode UPGMA menunjukkan bahwa tujuh spesies Bacopa memiliki rentang jarak genetik 0,000—0,024, sedangkan berdasarkan RAPD, tujuh spesies Bacopa memiliki rentang jarak genetik 0,000—0,625. Identifikasi menggunakan sekuens rbcL lebih dianjurkan karena hasil RAPD sulit untuk diinterpretasikan dan dapat menimbulkan salah tafsir. ......Bacopa sp. is a genus of aquatic plants commonly used as aquarium ornamental plants. About 60 species of Bacopa are distributed throughout the world. However, data on molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of this species are still limited. This study was conducted to identify seven species of Bacopa using molecular markers and determine the relationship among species through the value of genetic distance. A total of seven species of Bacopa were observed morphologically and identified molecularly using rbcL sequences through DNA barcoding and RAPD marker methods. The results of Bacopa DNA amplification were visualized on agarose gel with a concentration of 1.5% (rbcL) and 2% (RAPD marker). The data obtained then processed using the MEGA (rbcL) and NTSys (RAPD marker) applications to determine the relationship among them. Amplification of seven species Bacopa sp. using rbcL resulted in an amplicon measuring about 600 bp. In addition, amplification using eight RAPD primers was also successfully carried out on five species of Bacopa and showed a polymorphism rate of 100%. Bacopa rotundifolia and B. myriophylloides were not successfully amplified by eight RAPD primers due to a mismatch of DNA templates with primers. Phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL sequences using the UPGMA method showed that seven Bacopa species had a genetic distance range of 0.000-0.024, while based on RAPD, seven Bacopa species had a genetic distance range of 0.000-0.625. Identification using the rbcL sequence is recommended because RAPD results are difficult to interpret and can lead to misinterpretation.

Abstrak :
Masalah terbentuknya bunga dan buah abnormal pada klon kelapa sawit sampai saat ini belum terungkap dengan jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesamaan genetik, pengelompokan antar genotipe normal dan abnormal, serta menetapkan pita DNA penciri untuk abnormalitas berdasarkan analisis RAPD. Bahan tanam yang dianalisis adalah Klon MK152, MK203, MK209dan MK 212 (berbuah normal /abnormal, dan berbunga jantan), serta Klon MK104 dan MK176 (berbuah normal Jan abnormal) berumur 5 tahun. Reaksi amplifikasi DNA menggunakan 15 primer acak. Kesamaan genetik dan pembuatan fenogram dilakukan dengan program NTSYS-pc. Tingkat kepercayaan UPGMA ditetapkan dengan analisis bootstrap menggunakan program WinBoot. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa primer OPC-09, SC10-I9, OPC-07 dan OPW-19 mampu membedakan genotipe normal dan abnormal dalam klon yang sama untuk ke enam klon yang diuji. Sedang primer lainnya hanya mampu menunjukkan perbedaan antar genotipe normal dan abnormal dalam beberapa klon saja. Kesamaan genetik antar genotipe yang diuji berkisar 0,47-0,96.. Kesamaan genetik antar genotipe normal lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan antar genotipe abnormal atau antar normal dengan abnormal. Klon MK176 lebih stabil di daiam kultur dibandingkan dengan klon lainnya. UPGMA menunjukkan bahwa umumnya genotipe normal dan abnormal dalam klon yang sama berada dalam satu grup. Seluruh primer yang diuji belum mampu menghasilkan pita DNA penciri untuk abnormalitas.

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The formation of flower and fruit abnormalities in oil palm still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the genetic similarities, grouping among normal and abnormal genotypes and to obtained a specific DNA band for abnormalities by RAPD analysis. Plant materials have been used i.e. MK152, MK203, MK209 dan Mk212 (normal / abnormal and male flowers), while clones MK104 and Mkl76 (normal and abnormal). Amplification of DNA samples have been done 15 random primers. Genetic similarities and phenogram were analyzed with NTSYS-pc. While UPGMA were analyzed by bootstrap with WinBoot program. The results showed that OPC-09, SCIO-19, OPC-07 and OPW-19 primers werer able to differentiate normal and abnormal genotype in the same clone for all of clones have been tested. While others primers were able to dfferentiate between normal and abnormal genotypes only in several clones. The genetic similarities of 16 genotypes 0,47-0,96. Genetic similarities between normal genotype is higher than the genetic similarities among abnormal or normal with abnormal. MKI76 clone more stable in culture compare with others clones. UPGMA showed that generally the genotype normal and abnormal within the same clone belong to the same group. All of the primers have been tested can not be able to give a specific DNA band as an abnormalities character.

Abstrak :
Objectives of the study was to discover genetic variability and genetic relationship of paternal half sib population of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under selection program scheme at research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture,in Bogor West Java....