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Abstrak :
Colorectal polyp is one important factors that have roles in developing malignancy of lower gastrointestinal tract. Adenomatous polyp is the most common colorectal polyps and it has been known as a lesion precusor for transformation process in developing gastrointestinal malignancy....

Abstrak :
Esophageal polyp can be found by chance during endoscopic examination. Polyps can be formed by changes in the esophageal mucosa due to reflux esophagitis. We report a case of multiple esophageal polyp in a patient with complaints of recurrent regurgitation without heartburn. Endoscopy demonstrated multiple polyps at the distal esophagus. Anatomic pathology evaluation of the polyp demonstrated mucosa lined with squamous epithels demonstrating elongation of the papilla and deposition of acute and chronic inflammatory cells, indicating chronic esophagitis with hyperplastic epithels. In this case, we conducted recurrent ligation of the multiple polyps. Evaluation at 2 weeks after the final ligation demonstrated no polyp remains, and the post-ligation ulcer was found. Evaluation at 1 month following treatment found diminished complaints. From this case, we can conclude that endoscopy is an important investigation modality to establish the diagnosis in cases of chronic gastrointestinal complaints. Ligation is a choice for the management of esophageal polyps

Abstrak :
More than 95% colorectal cancers arise from neopiastic adenomatous polyps (adenomas). The malignant potential of polyps depends on size, amounts, histological type and degree of dysplasia. The prevalence of adenoma increases with age. Patient whose age more than 40 years old with rectal bleeding as presenting symptom should never be ascribed solely to coexisting haemorrhoids without a through evaluation of the colon and rectum. We reported a case of hematochezia due to colorectal polyps with coexisting hemorrhoids as suspected bleeding source. Colonoscopy examination demonstrated colorectal adenomatous polyps in rectum and sig-moid. Polypectomy was done and tissue biopsy result was tubular adenoma with mild dysplasia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Fundic gland polyp (FGP) merupakan salah satu polip gaster yang sering ditemukan pada saat endoskopi. Penggunaan proton pump inhibitor (PPI) jangka panjang dianggap berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan FGP. Hipergastrinemia/hiperplasia sel G dan hiperplasia sel ECL dapat terjadi pada penggunaan PPI jangka panjang. Efek trofik dari hiperplasia sel G ini yang kemudian menyebabkan proliferasi sel parietal hingga berkembang menjadi FGP, bahkan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya tumor karsinoid pada tikus. Untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya sel G dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia gastrin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hiperplasia sel G ditinjau dari ekspresi gastrin pada mukosa antrum kasus-kasus FGP yang dihubungkan dengan riwayat penggunaan PPI. Bahan dan cara kerja: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel terdiri atas 40 kasus FGP yang terbagi menjadi 25 kasus dengan riwayat penggunaan PPI jangka panjang dan 15 kasus dengan riwayat penggunaan PPI jangka pendek di RSCM dari tahun 2016-2017. Dilakukan pulasan gastrin untuk menilai sel G pada mukosa antrum. Kondisi hiperplasia sel G dinilai melalui ekspresi gastrin apabila terdapat lebih dari 40 sel terpulas positif dalam 10 kelenjar antrum. Hasil: Didapatkan 13 kasus dengan hiperplasia sel G dan 27 kasus tanpa hiperplasia. Sebelas dari 13 kasus dengan hiperplasia sel G memiliki riwayat penggunaan PPI jangka panjang, sedangkan 2 kasus dengan penggunaan PPI jangka pendek. Uji Fisher's exact menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara hiperplasia sel G pada penggunaan PPI jangka panjang dan pendek dengan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan: Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hiperplasia sel G pada FGP dengan riwayat penggunaan PPI jangka panjang dan pendek.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Fundic gland polyps is one of gastric polyps often found at endoscopy. Long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use is considered to influence the development of FGP. Hypergastrinemia/G cell hyperplasia and ECL cell hyperplasia can occur in long-term PPI use. This trophic effect of G cell hyperplasia causes proliferation of parietal cells that then develop into FGP, and can even cause carcinoid tumors in mice. To confirm the presence of G cells, we can use gastrin immunohistochemistry. This study aims to determine the presence of G cell hyperplasia based on gastrin expression in mucosa of FGP associated with a history of PPI use. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of 40 cases of FGP which were divided into 25 cases with long-term use of PPI and 15 cases with short-term use of PPI at RSCM from 2016-2017. We performed gastrin staining to assess G cells in the antrum mucosa. Hyperplasia of G cells is considered if there were more than 40 cells with positive staining to gastrin in 10 antrum glands. Result: There were 13 cases with G cell hyperplasia and 27 cases without hyperplasia. Eleven of 13 cases with G cell hyperplasia had a history of long-term PPI use, while 2 cases with short-term PPI use. The Fisher's exact test showed a significant difference between G cell hyperplasia in the use of short and long-term PPIs with p value <0.05. Conclusion: Statistically there are significant difference between G cell hyperplasia in FGP with a history of long and short term PPI use.

Abstrak :
Osteitis dapat berperan sebagai sumber inflamasi kronis pada struktur tulang sinonasal pada kasus rinosinusitis kronik RSK dengan atau tanpa polip yang menyebabkan rekurensi pasca terapi medikamentosa maupun pembedahan. Tesis ini membahas mengenai korelasi antara derajat osteitis serta inflamasi mukosa pada RSK dengan polip hidung bilateral refrakter. Penelitian menggunakan desain korelatif potong lintang pada 29 subjek yang diambil secara retrospektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan korelasi signifikan antara skor LMSS dan GOSS r = 0,36, p = 0,05 , tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan pada subjek dengan polip bilateral derajat 2 -3 r = 0,39, p = 0,439 , maupun pada subjek dengan polip grade 4 ndash; 6 r = 0,27, p = 0,204 , dan tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan pada subjek dengan riwayat pembedahan satu kali r = 0,44, p = 0,145 , maupun pada subjek dengan riwayat pembedahan lebih dari satu kali r = 0,27, p = 0,29 , Median skor LMSS dan GOSS lebih tinggi pada kelompok pembedahan berulang dan polip derajat 4 ndash; 6. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa identifikasi osteitis dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui derajat keparahan RSK serta memprediksi kekambuhan yang selanjutnya dapat membantu untuk menentukan terapi medikamentosa dan pembedahan yang tepat. ......Osteitis may served as a nidus for chronic inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis CRS with or without polyps, that may explain for any recurrence post medical treatment and surgery. The purpose of this thesis paper was to determine correlation between osteitis and mucosal inflammation in CRS with refractory bilateral nasal polyps. This is a cross ndash sectional corelative research in 29 subjects which were taken by retrospective sampling. The results are significant correlation between LMSS and GOSS score r 0,36, p 0,05 , , no significant correlation in subject with bilateral nasal polyps grade 2 ndash 3 r 0,39, p 0,439 and subject with polyps grade 4 ndash 6 r 0,27, p 0,204 , and no significant correlation also in subject with history of primary surgery r 0,44, p 0,145 , and also no significant correlation in subjects with history of revision surgery r 0,27, p 0,29 Median LMSS and GOSS score were higher in revision surgery and polyps grade 4 ndash 6 group. The conclusion was identifying osteitis can be used to determine the degree of severity and predicting recurrency and further help to determine proper medical treatment and surgery.

Abstrak :
Colon polyp is a term used for abnormality from bulging tissue above surrounding colonic mucosal layer. Adenoma polyp was the commonly found polyp that progress to colorectal cancer. Most of those patients was asymptomatic. Undetected and unmanaged polyp was a risk factors of colorectal cancer even.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Salah satu lesi prekursor terjadinya kanker kolorektal KKR adalah polip kolon. Polip hiperplastik PH masuk dalam kategori non neoplastik bersama polip inflamasi dan hamartoma. Sedangkan polip serrated PS dan adenoma konvensional masuk kedalam golongan polip neoplastik. World Health Organization WHO pada tahun 2010 memasukkan PH kedalam subtipe PS bersama dengan Sessile serrated adenoma SSA/P dan Traditional serrated adenoma TSA . Ketiga polip diatas harus dapat dibedakan secara morfologik, karena prognosis, terapi, serta survelain endoskopi yang berbeda. Beberapa penelitian terakhir mengemukakan Annexin A10 ANXA 10 dapat digunakan sebagai penanda SSA/P, untuk membedakannya dengan polip lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan ekspresi ANXA 10 pada PH, SSA/P dan Adenoma. Bahan dan cara kerja: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel terdiri dari 16 kasus PH, 16 kasus SSA/P dan 16 kasus adenoma konvensional. Dilakukan pulasan ANXA 10 dan penilaian dilakukan menggunakan H score. Hasil: Titik potong H score pada ekspresi ANXA 10 didapatkan pada 215,05 71,6 dengan sensitivitas 81,3 dan spesifisitas 81,2 . Ekspresi ANXA 10 tinggi didapatkan pada 13 kasus SSA/P dan 3 kasus PH, sedangkan pada 16 kasus adenoma konvensional umumnya memiliki ekspresi ANXA 10 yang rendah p < 0,001 . Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan ekspresi ANXA 10 pada PH, SSA/P dan adenoma konvensional. Pulasan ANXA 10 berpotensi digunakan sebagai penanda untuk membantu mendiagnosis SSA/P.

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ABSTRACT Background One of precursor lesion of colorectal cancer CRC is colon polyps. Hyperplastic polyp HP is one of non neoplastic polyps category along with inflammatory polyp and hamartomas. While serrated polyps SP and conventional adenomas categorized as neoplastic polyp. World Health Organization WHO in 2010 divided SP into hyperplastic polyps HP , Sessile Serrated adenomas SSA P and Traditional Serrated adenomas TSA . We must be able to distinguish this polyps, because they have different prognosis, therapy and endoscopic surveillance. Several recent studies have suggested that Annexin A10 ANXA 10 can be used as a marker of SSA P, to distinguish it from other polyps. The aim of this study is to know the difference of expression of ANXA 10 on HP, SSA P and conventional adenoma.Materials and methods This was a cross sectional study with 16 cases of HP, 16 cases of SSA P and 16 cases of Adenoma. All cases stained by ANXA 10 antibody and evaluated using H score. Results The cut off point H score on ANXA 10 expression was obtained at 215.05 71.6 with 81.3 sensitivity and 81.2 specificity. High ANXA 10 expression was obtained in 13 cases of SSA P and 3 cases of PH, while in 16 cases of conventional adenomas were generally have low expression of ANXA 10 p