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"Penelitian ini mengangkat masalah implementasi kebijakan program bina lingkungan di Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivist dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil peneilitian ini (i) Implementasi kebijakan program bina lingkungan yang diatur dalam Perda Nomor 1 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan belum berjalan secara efektif karena adanya kerancuan dan ketidakjelasan isi kebijakan yang tertulis (ii) Program ini memiliki tiga dampak dalam pelaksanannya yaitu, dampak pada sekolah swasta yang kekurangan siswa, hilangnya hak dari siswa reguler yang akan masuk ke sekolah negeri dan, turunnya mutu pendidikan. Saran yang diberikan adalah Perbaikan isi kebijakan dan melibatkan sekolah swasta dalam program kebijakan.

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This study raised the issue of implementation of the policy on Bina Lingkungan program in Bandar Lampung. This research used the post positivist using a qualitative methodology. Using the implementation of merilee s .Grindle .The results of this research ( i ) Bina Lingkungan Policy program regulation covers number 1 in 2012 about the education system has not been effectively because a confusion and obscurity the policies written ( ii ) there are three impact on the implementation, the impact is on private schools that a shortage of students, loss of the rights of regular students who will enter the public schools, and decline in the quality of education. Advice provided, first improve the contents policy and second involving private schools in the policy."

"Trade liberalization and economic cricis generate greater challenges in agricultural development in Indonesia, Despice the remaining high tonort rate on Indonesia agricultural product as stated in the WHO agreement, this country applied low import tariff rates of 0-5% during the 1998-2004 for almost all in argicultural products, except for rice and sugar which..."

"Trade liberalization and economic crisis generate greater challenges in agricultural development in Indonesia. Despite the remaining high tariff rate on Indonesian agricultural products as stated in the WTO agreement, this country applied low import tariff rates of 0-5 % during the 1998-2004 for almost all its agricultural product,except for rice and sugar which are increased to 25-30%...."

"Industri nasional mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan dan rendahnya daya saing yang diduga disebabkan oleh harga gas bumi yang tinggi. Pemerintah melakukan intervensi pada harga gas bumi melalui Kebijakan Harga Gas Bumi Tertentu (HGBT) sebagaimana diatur pada Perpres No. 121 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari Kebijakan HGBT pada perekonomian nasional dengan mempertimbangkan penurunan penerimaan negara sebagai kompensasi atas turunnya harga gas bumi pada industri. Dengan menggunakan model CGE, analisis dilakukan pada berbagai indikator perekonomian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan GDP dalam jangka pendek sebesar 0,076% dan kenaikan GDP dalam jangka panjang sebesar 0,004%.

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National industry is facing slowing growth and low competitiveness, which is thought to be caused by high natural gas prices. Government intervenes in natural gas prices through the Certain Natural Gas Price Policy or “Kebijakan HGBT” as regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 121 of 2020 concerning Natural Gas Price Determination. This study aims to analyze the impact of HGBT Policy on the national economy by considering the decline in state revenues as compensation for the decline in natural gas prices in the industry. Using CGE model, analysis is carried out on various economic indicators. The results of the analysis show that there is a decrease in GDP in the short term by 0.076% and an increase in GDP in the long term by 0.004%."

"This study aims (1) to construct an Econometric Input-Output Model for Indonesia, that emphasizes the linkage between sectors, and (2) to analyze the impact of budget allocation on development expenditure to Indonesian's economy in 2002.

The model, constructed by combining the advantages of an input-output model and an econometric model, is called the Indonesian Econometric Input-Output Model or "Model Input-Output Ekonometrika Indonesia" (MIENA). MIENA consists of 112 dynamic simultaneous equations which utilize secondary data from 19SO-20UO. The equation parameters are estimated by using a combination of three estimation methods: (1) Ordinary Least Squares, (2) First Order of Autoregressive and (3) Second Order of Autoregressive. The model is validated by the Gauss-Siedel Method, it is then used for protections and policy impact analysis simulations on budget development expenditure and world economic conditions.

The study finds that the impact of budget reallocation for development expenditure (final demand, output, income, and sectoral employment) is better than the budget allocation for development expenditure in the National Budgetary Plan (RAP3N) for 2002. The plantation sector contributed the most to supporting output multiplier and high income. The food, beverages, and tobacco industries contributed the most to yield a high employment multiplier."

"Ciamis Regency region regulation extended policy, is according to government regulation Number 27 year 2002. This regulation is about Banjar City Establishment in West Java Province. As the implementation of extended region Ciamis Regency, there is some questions about the condition of region income (PAD) at Ciamis Regency. The result of this research that obtained, the condition of region income of Ciamis Regency had been increase above 61,46%, this revenuewas increase from other region legally income for about 293% and then this income following by region retribution for about 43,13%, region tax for about 36,85% and local company profit 3,25%. The increasing of region income Ciamis Regency was happened because Ciamis Regency made a great effort to increasing the revenue of Ciamis Regency after the implementation of extended region policy in the procedure of increasing this region income the Ciamis Regency taking a few important steps which is: increase taxes tariff and adding the tax object, and then raising the retribution object, to made a good management fiscal from local company, and use the balancing of financial power between Central Government and Local Government as good as they can in the other legal region income."

"Rotan merupakan komoditas hasil hutan non-kayu terbesar di Indonesia dan sebesar 80% telah diekspor ke seluruh dunia, hal tersebut menyebabkan pemerintah mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan terkait tataniaga rotan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak dari kebijakan pembatasan ekspor rotan mentah terhadap ekspor produk rotan Indonesia dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi ekspor produk rotan Indonesia ke lima negara terbesar pengimpor produk rotan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel metode Pooled Least Square. Dampak dari kebijakan pembatasan ekspor rotan mentah akan menurunkan permintaan volume ekspor produk rotan ke lima negara terbesar pengimpor produk rotan. GDP perkapita lima negara terbesar pengimpor produk rotan, nilai tukar riil, krisis ekonomi Indonesia dan krisis ekonomi dunia mempengaruhi volume ekspor produk rotan Indonesia ke lima negara terbesar pengimpor produk rotan.

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Rattan is a commodity of non-timber forest products in Indonesia and 80% have been exported all over the world, it causes the government issued several policies related rattan trading system. This study was conducted to determine the policyimpact of the restriction on the export of rattan on Indonesian rattan products and identify the factors that influence the Indonesian rattan product exports to five countries importing the largest Indonesian rattan products. This study uses panel data Pooled Least Square method. Policy-impact of the restriction on export of rattan will decrease to five countries importing the largest rattan products. GDP per capita of the five largest importer of rattan products, real exchange rate, Indonesia and the world economic crisis affects the volume of Indonesian rattan product exports to five countries importing the largest rattan products."

"ABSTRAKPotensi Benda Berharga Asal Muatan Kapal Tenggelam di perairan Indonesia sangatlah besar. Dalam memanfaatkan potensi tersebut, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Keppres tentang Panitia Nasional Pengangkatan dan Pemanfaatan BMKT pada tahun 1989. Kemudian pada tahun 1992, Pemerintah Indonesia juga telah mengeluarkan UU tentang Benda Cagar Budaya, yang pada tahun 2010 dicabut dengan UU Cagar Budaya. Pengaturan antara kebijakan tersebut ternyata tidak mudah untuk diimplementasikan. Hal ini memaksa Pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan moratorium perizinan survei dan pengangkatan BMKT pada tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moratorium tersebut telah menimbulkan dampak bagi pemerintah dan pengusaha, baik dari aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan pertahanan keamanan. Selain itu juga telah menimbulkan opportunity cost berupa hilangnya kesempatan untuk mendapatkan pemasukan ke kas negara, di sisi lain kesempatan untuk menjaga kelestarian BMKT, kesempatan untuk menjadikan nilai sejarah BMKT sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan jati diri bangsa, dan kesempatan menjadikan BMKT sebagai media pembelajaran juga hilang.

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ABSTRACTThe Potential of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked in Indonesian waters is enormous. In taking advantages of this potency, the Government of Indonesia has issued Presidential Decree on National Committee of Appointment and Utilization of Valuable Items from The Shiploads which are Sinked in 1989. Then in 1992, the Government of Indonesia has also issued Law on Heritage Objects, in 2010 which is revoked by Cultural Heritage Act. The arrangement between the policies were not easy to implement. It forces the Government of Indonesian to issued a moratorium policy on survey licensing and the appointment of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked in 2011. This research uses post positivist approach with qualitative method through in depth interview and literature study. The results show that the moratorium policy has had an impact on the government and entrepreneurs from social, economic, and defense aspects of security. In addition, it has also created an opportunity cost in the form of loss of opportunity to get income into the state treasury, on the other hand the opportunity to maintain the sustainability of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked, the opportunity to make the historical value of valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked as a tool for improving the national identity, and the opportunity to make valuable items from the shiploads which are sinked as a learning media is also lost"

"Kemiskinan merupakan salah satu tolak ukur kondisi sosial ekonomi dalam menilai keberhasilan pembangunan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah di suatu daerah. Meningkatnya kemiskinan menyebabkan berbagai masalah sosial yang merugikan. Meskipun angka kemiskinan Indonesia telah menurun selama beberapa tahun terakhir, sisa kemiskinan perlu dikurangi. Untuk memerangi kemiskinan, pemerintah harus memberlakukan undang-undang dan inisiatif yang sesuai. Tiga faktor penentu utama yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan adalah kesehatan dan pendidikan serta pengangguran, dua kategori yang merupakan komponen Indeks Pembangunan Manusia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengangguran, pengeluaran pemerintah, dan indeks pembangunan manusia terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menyusun analisis data panel dengan metode General Least Square Regression menggunakan STATA dengan data 32 provinsi (tidak termasuk Kalimantan Utara dan DKI Jakarta) di Indonesia untuk tahun 2010 sampai 2019. Temuan penelitian adalah bahwa pengangguran terbuka, pengeluaran pemerintah dan IPM berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan.

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Poverty is one of the benchmarks for socio-economic conditions in assessing the success of development carried out by the government in an area. The rise in poverty leads to a wide range of detrimental social issues. Even though Indonesia's poverty rates have decreased over the past few years, specifically from 2010 to 2019, the residual poverty needs to be reduced. To combat poverty, the government should enact the appropriate laws and initiatives. Three of the key determinants influencing poverty are health and education as well as unemployment, two of the categories which are components of Human Development Index. Thus, this research aims to analyze the impact of unemployment, government expenditure, and human development index on poverty in Indonesia. This research arranged panel data analysis with General Least Square Regression using STATA with the data of 32 provinces (excluding North Kalimantan and DKI Jakarta) in Indonesia for the year 2010 to 2019. The finding is that open unemployment, government expenditure and HDI has significant impact on poverty."

"Penyetaraan jabatan merupakan bagian dari reformasi birokrasi yang bertujuan mengembangkan karier pegawai, meningkatkan profesionalisme, dan mendorong kinerja organisasi. Di lingkungan Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC), kebijakan ini diterapkan melalui inpassing, perpindahan jabatan, dan delayering. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh implementasi penyetaraan jabatan di Kantor Pelayanan Utama Bea dan Cukai Tipe A Tanjung Priok (KPUBCTP) yang belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan tujuan kebijakan. Terdapat sejumlah permasalahan faktual, seperti belum jelasnya pembagian tugas antara pejabat fungsional dan pelaksana, keterbatasan kenaikan pangkat karena jenjang jabatan fungsional, serta pola koordinasi yang belum berubah meskipun struktur telah disederhanakan. Masalah tersebut ditransformasikan ke dalam kerangka teori dampak kebijakan Thomas R. Dye (2017) sebagai dampak terhadap kelompok target, kelompok di luar target, dan biaya langsung. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih dalam bagaimana dampak implementasi kebijakan penyetaraan jabatan terhadap pegawai dan organisasi pada KPUBCTP. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma post-positivisme, melalui metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyetaraan jabatan berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan kompetensi dan penghasilan pegawai, khususnya melalui mekanisme inpassing. Namun, tantangan tetap muncul, seperti jalur karier yang tidak linier, stagnasi pangkat, serta ketidaksesuaian kompetensi. Bagi pegawai non-target, kebijakan ini memicu ketidakpastian karier dan penurunan motivasi. Dari sisi organisasi, terdapat peningkatan efisiensi, kepuasan layanan, dan potensi optimalisasi SDM dan TIK, meskipun diiringi dengan kenaikan anggaran, ketimpangan beban kerja, serta minimnya sinergi antarinstansi.

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The policy of position equalization is part of the bureaucratic reform agenda aimed at enhancing employee career development, increasing professionalism, and improving organizational performance. Within the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE), this policy is implemented through inpassing, position transfers, and bureaucratic streamlining (delayering). This research is motivated by the implementation of job title equalization at the Main Customs Office Type A Tanjung Priok (KPUBCTP), which has not fully aligned with the intended policy objectives. Several factual problems remain, including unclear task distribution between functional officials and staff, limitations in promotion opportunities due to functional position rank ceilings, and unchanged coordination patterns despite structural simplification. These issues are analyzed using Thomas R. Dye’s (2017) policy impact theory, encompassing impacts on target groups, non-target groups, and direct costs. This study aims to examine the impacts of job title equalization on employees and organizational performance at KPUBCTP. Using a post- positivist paradigm, data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The findings reveal positive outcomes such as improved competencies and income, particularly for employees who underwent inpassing. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including non-linear career paths, promotion stagnation, and mismatches between qualifications and job roles. For non-target employees, the policy has led to career uncertainty and reduced motivation. At the organizational level, the policy has contributed to service efficiency, user satisfaction, and the projected optimization of human resources and technology utilization, though it also brings increased budget demands, workload imbalances, and limited interagency synergy."