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"On air pollution and its effects on respiratory tract disorders in Indonesia. "

"Di Indonesia pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian kedua tertinggi pada bayi dan balita. Pneumonia berdampak terhadap status pernapasan karena terjadi obstruksi jalan napas akibat peningkatan produksi sekret. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas nebulisasi dan fisioterapi dada terhadap status pernapasan pada balita dengan pneumonia. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperiment pre and post test non equivalent control group design dengan 34 responden yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan independent t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan selisih rata-rata HR, RR, dan SpO2 antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi (p=0.000). Karakteristik responden (status gizi, status ASI eksklusif, status imunisasi, lama sakit, dan jenis obat nebulisasi) tidak berpengaruh terhadap HR, RR, dan SpO2 namun usia memberikan pengaruh terhadap HR. Tindakan nebulisasi yang dilanjutkan fisioterapi dada lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan tindakan nebulisasi saja. Tindakan ini juga dapat dijadikan kebijakan yang perlu dilakukan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak pneumonia.

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Pneumonia is the second leading cause of death in children under age five in Indonesia. It affects respiratory status due to airway obstruction caused by increased secretions. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of nebulization and chest physiotherapy on respiratory status of children under age five with pneumonia. This study was quasi-experimental with pre and post test nonequivalent control group design with 34 respondents choosen by consecutive sampling. Analysis result using independent t test showed differences in the average gaps in HR, RR and SpO2 of control group and intervention group (p=0.000). The characteristics of respondents (nutritional status, breastfeeding, vaccination history, length of illness and type of nebulization medication) had no effect on HR, RR and SpO2. However, age affects the HR. Nebulization followed by chest physiotherapy is more effective than nebulization. It can be used as a policy in providing nursing care for children with pneumonia."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Atelektasis merupakan komplikasi pernapasan perioperatif yang sering terjadi hingga 24 jam pascaoperatif, namun dapat bertahan hingga beberapa hari. Penggunaan PEEP dapat membuka alveolus yang kolaps pascaoperatif. Penelitian ini berusaha membandingkan efek PEEP 5 cmH20 dan 10 cmH2O terhadap distribusi ventilasi pada pasien pascaoperatif menggunakan EIT.Metoda. Uji klinis acak ini dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo terhadap 35 pasien operasi kranioktomi dan laparotomi elektif (usia 18-60 tahun, durasi bedah > 3 jam, paru normal). Subjek dirandomisasi ke dalam 2 kelompok intervensi: ventilasi mekanik pascaoperatif PEEP 5 cmH20 (PEEP-5) dan PEEP 10 cmH2O (PEEP-10). Hipotesis penelitian adalah distribusi ventilasi PEEP-10 lebih baik dibandingkan PEEP-5. Parameter ∆TIV, ∆EELI (global dan regional) dan CR diambil dari monitor EIT PulmoVista 500®.Hasil. Nilai ∆TIV antara bagian paru anterior dan posterior berbeda bermakna secara statistik pada menit ke-20 (p=0,012), namun masih ada subjek kelompok PEEP-5 dengan distribusi ventilasi tidak homogen hingga 1 jam pengukuran. Nilai ∆EELI global dan regional dalam 1 jam secara statistik bermakna dengan nilai p<0,05. Nilai ∆CR (anterior dan posterior) bermakna secara statistik (p=0,000) dalam 1 jam. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan ratio PF, lama intubasi dan lama rawat di UPI. Tidak ditemukan komplikasi paru/ekstraparu lain dan mortalitas.Simpulan. Distribusi ventilasi berdasarkan gambaran EIT antara penggunaan PEEP 10 cmH2O dan PEEP 5 cmH2O tidak berbeda secara statistik dalam 1 jam penggunaan ventilasi mekanik pascaoperatif. Distribusi ventilasi hanya bermakna secara statistik pada menit ke-20. pernapasan perioperatif

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ABSTRACTBackground. Atelectasis is the most common perioperative respiratory complications up to 24 hours postoperatively, but can last up to several days. PEEP can open postoperative alveolar collapse. We determined to compare the effect of PEEP 5 cmH20 and 10 cmH2O on distribution of ventilation in patients postoperatively using EIT.Method. This randomized clinical trial conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital to 35 patients underwent elective craniotomy and laparotomy (18-60 years of age, surgery> 3 hours, normal lung). Subjects were randomized into two intervention groups: postoperative mechanical ventilation PEEP 5 cmH20 (PEEP-5) and 10 cmH2O PEEP (PEEP-10). The hypothesis is distribution of ventilation PEEP-10 is better than PEEP-5. Parameter ΔTIV, ΔEELI (global and regional) and ΔCR were taken from a monitor EIT PulmoVista 500®.Results. ΔTIV values ​​between anterior and posterior parts of lung statistically significant difference in the 20th minute (p=0.012), but there is still a subject of the PEEP group-5 which has a non-homogeneous distribution of ventilation up to 1 hour of measurement. The value of ΔEELI (global and regional ) in 1 hour statistically significant with p <0.05. ΔCR value (anterior and posterior) was statistically significant (p = 0.000) in 1 hour. No differences found for PF ratio, length of intubation and duration of hospitalization in ICU. No pulmonary/extrapulmonaary complications and mortality were found.Conclusion. Distribution of ventilation based EIT imaging between the use of PEEP 10 cmH2O and PEEP 5 cmH2O do not differ statistically within 1st hour of the postoperative mechanical ventilation. Distribution of ventilation is statistically significant only in the 20th minute.;Background. Atelectasis is the most common perioperative respiratory complications up to 24 hours postoperatively, but can last up to several days. PEEP can open postoperative alveolar collapse. We determined to compare the effect of PEEP 5 cmH20 and 10 cmH2O on distribution of ventilation in patients postoperatively using EIT.Method. This randomized clinical trial conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital to 35 patients underwent elective craniotomy and laparotomy (18-60 years of age, surgery> 3 hours, normal lung). Subjects were randomized into two intervention groups: postoperative mechanical ventilation PEEP 5 cmH20 (PEEP-5) and 10 cmH2O PEEP (PEEP-10). The hypothesis is distribution of ventilation PEEP-10 is better than PEEP-5. Parameter ΔTIV, ΔEELI (global and regional) and ΔCR were taken from a monitor EIT PulmoVista 500®.Results. ΔTIV values ​​between anterior and posterior parts of lung statistically significant difference in the 20th minute (p=0.012), but there is still a subject of the PEEP group-5 which has a non-homogeneous distribution of ventilation up to 1 hour of measurement. The value of ΔEELI (global and regional ) in 1 hour statistically significant with p <0.05. ΔCR value (anterior and posterior) was statistically significant (p = 0.000) in 1 hour. No differences found for PF ratio, length of intubation and duration of hospitalization in ICU. No pulmonary/extrapulmonaary complications and mortality were found.Conclusion. Distribution of ventilation based EIT imaging between the use of PEEP 10 cmH2O and PEEP 5 cmH2O do not differ statistically within 1st hour of the postoperative mechanical ventilation. Distribution of ventilation is statistically significant only in the 20th minute.;Background. Atelectasis is the most common perioperative respiratory complications up to 24 hours postoperatively, but can last up to several days. PEEP can open postoperative alveolar collapse. We determined to compare the effect of PEEP 5 cmH20 and 10 cmH2O on distribution of ventilation in patients postoperatively using EIT.Method. This randomized clinical trial conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital to 35 patients underwent elective craniotomy and laparotomy (18-60 years of age, surgery> 3 hours, normal lung). Subjects were randomized into two intervention groups: postoperative mechanical ventilation PEEP 5 cmH20 (PEEP-5) and 10 cmH2O PEEP (PEEP-10). The hypothesis is distribution of ventilation PEEP-10 is better than PEEP-5. Parameter ΔTIV, ΔEELI (global and regional) and ΔCR were taken from a monitor EIT PulmoVista 500®.Results. ΔTIV values ​​between anterior and posterior parts of lung statistically significant difference in the 20th minute (p=0.012), but there is still a subject of the PEEP group-5 which has a non-homogeneous distribution of ventilation up to 1 hour of measurement. The value of ΔEELI (global and regional ) in 1 hour statistically significant with p <0.05. ΔCR value (anterior and posterior) was statistically significant (p = 0.000) in 1 hour. No differences found for PF ratio, length of intubation and duration of hospitalization in ICU. No pulmonary/extrapulmonaary complications and mortality were found.Conclusion. Distribution of ventilation based EIT imaging between the use of PEEP 10 cmH2O and PEEP 5 cmH2O do not differ statistically within 1st hour of the postoperative mechanical ventilation. Distribution of ventilation is statistically significant only in the 20th minute."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mencari hubungan keadaan lingkungan rumah dengan tingkatkejadian gangguan kesehatan pernapasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodecross-sectional dengan pengambilan data memakai alat ukur fisika (luksmeter,higrometer, termometer, meteran) dan wawancara langsung. Dari 97 respondenyang didatangi, 41,2% di antaranya memiliki pendidikan lulusan SMA dan 61,9%di antaranya berpenghasilan bulanan di atas Rp 1.200.000. Keluarga yangmengalami gangguan pernapasan ada 29,9% dari keseluruhan. Analisis chi-squaremenunjukkan tiada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat kejadian gangguanpernapasan dengan jenis lantai (p = 0,091), dinding (p = 0,065), luas ventilasi (p =0,345), pencahayaan (p = 0,938), luas jendela (p = 0,133), kelembapan (p =0,244), suhu (p = 0,960), lubang asap di dapur (p = 0,178), maupun dengankepadatan rumah (p = 0,945). Keakuratan alat ukur dan cara pemakaiannya sangatberpengaruh pada hasil. Besar sampel yang ditentukan juga akan memberipengaruh pada hasil.

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ABSTRACTThis study yearns to seek out any relation between house environmentcharacteristics and the incidence of respiratory problems. Cross-sectional methodwas used, with the aid of physical measurement instruments (luxmeter,higrometer, thermometer, measurement tape) and direct interviews. Of the 97respondents met, 41.2 of them were high school graduates and 61.9% of them hadmonthly incomes of Rp 1,200,000 or higher. Families with respiratory healthproblems are 29.9% of all respondents. Chi-square analysis found that there is nosignificant relation between the incidence of respiratory health problems and thetype of floor (p = 0.091), wall (p = 0.065), ventilation (p = 0.345), illumination (p= 0.938), windows (p = 0.133), humidity (p = 0.244), temperature (p = 0.960),kitchen smoke vent (p = 0.178), nor there is relation with house populationdensity (p = 0.945).;"

"Pergerakan napas manusia, sesuai dengan mengembang dan mengempisnya paru-paru mengakibatkan bergesernya tumor ke arah Superior-Inferior (SI), Lateral Kanan-Kiri (RL), dan Anterior-Posterior (AP). Pergeseran tumor tersebut dapat direpresentasikan dari pergerakan yang terjadi pada permukaan tubuh. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun purwarupa sistem pemantauan pergerakan yang dapat memantau pergerakan pernapasan pada permukaan tubuh berbasis laser dan kamera. Sistem ini dapat melakukan pemantauan pergerakan pada 3 derajat kebebasan yang merepresentasikan pergerakan di arah SI, RL, dan AP. Kemampuan dari purwarupa dikalibrasi dengan menggunakan platform dinamis. Selanjutnya purwarupa juga diuji pada pengukuran terhadap 8 sukarelawan yang melakukan 2 pola pernapasan berbeda. Pengukuran tersebut dibandingkan dengan perangkat yang sudah ada di klinis untuk keperluan Respiratory Gating. Hasil kalibrasi menghasilkan akurasi spasial kurang dari 1 mm, sedangkan akurasi temporal sebesar kurang dari 0,1 s. Hasil perbandingan dengan piranti klinis menunjukkan pembacaan yang cukup sebanding dengan koefisien korelasi kurang dari 0,9.

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The motion of human breathing, by the expansion and deflation of the lungs, causes the tumor to shift towards Superior-Inferior (SI), Lateral Right-Left (RL), and Anterior-Posterior (AP). The motion on the body's surface can represent the tumor shift. In this study, a motion monitoring system prototype was designed based on lasers and cameras to monitor respiratory motion on the body's surface. This system can monitor motion in 3 degrees of freedom, representing movement in the SI, RL, and AP directions. The performance of the prototype is calibrated using a dynamic platform. Furthermore, the prototype was also tested using measurements of eight volunteers who performed two different breathing patterns. These measurements were compared with devices already in clinical settings for Respiratory Gating purposes. The calibration results produce a spatial accuracy of less than 1 mm while a temporal accuracy of less than 0.1 s. The comparison results with clinical devices show comparable readings with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.9."