Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 82 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
cover
Ermawaty Ratna
Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas mengenai pengaruh Country of Origin terhadap persepsi konsumen pada kualitas mobil dengan tiga tipe yang berbeda yaitu sedan, jeep, dan SUV, dimana negara asal mobil adalah Jerman, Amerika, dan Jepang. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dimana analisa dilakukan secara deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini secara keseluruhan adalah secara deskriptif mobil sedan dengan country of origin Jepang dipersepsikan memiliki kualitas yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan mobil sedan dengan country of origin Jerman dan Amerika, mobil jeep dengan country of origin Jerman dipersepsikan memiliki kualitas yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan mobil jeep dengan country of origin Jepang dan Amerika, dan untuk mobil SUV origin Jepang dipersepsikan memiliki kualitas yang lebih tinggi di bandingkan mobil SUV dengan country of origin Jerman dan Amerika.Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan untuk mobil sedan Jerman agar terus meningkatkan kualitas agar tidak kalah bersaing dengan mobil sedan Jepang, untuk mobil jeep Amerika agar dapat melakukan promosi terkait dengan kualitas mobilnya.
This thesis will discuss the effect of Country of Origin towards Consumer's Perception regarding the quality of three types of automobile; Sedan, Jeep and SUV from Germany, USA and Japan. This study will focus on the quantitative side. The findings of this study demonstrate that based on descriptive analysis Sedans with Japan as the Country of Origin are viewed to have a better quality compared to the other sedans with Germany and USA as the Country of Origins. Moreover, Jeeps with Germany as the Country of Origin are viewed to have a better quality compared to the other jeeps with Japan and USA as the Country of Origins. And furthermore, SUVs with Japan as the Country of Origin are viewed to have a better quality compared to the other sedans with Germany and USA as the Country of Origins. This analysis suggests that German sedans should improve their automobile quality thus will be able to match the quality of Japanese sedans, while American Jeeps should continue their promotion towards better quality products.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2009
T26618
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Grasia Veranita
Abstrak :
Sebuah merek mewakili nilai fungsional, nilai kesenangan, nilai simbolik yang merefleksikan karakter dari seorang pembeli, citra negara asal yang memperlihatkan kecakapan produsennya. Itu semua membuat sebuah produk mudah "terbaca". Untuk dapat menyelediki pengaruh dari citra negara asal pada persepsi kualitas konsumen, maka keempat merek notebook-Acer, Toshiba, MacBook Apple dan Zyrex dibandingkan. Responden penelitian ini adalah yang memiliki notebook yang asli dan bukan barang bekas atau barang ilegal karena dianggap tidak dapat mewakili kondisi asli produk. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Adakah pengaruh citra negara asal terhadap persepsi kualitas konsumen?, (2) Apakah terdapat perbedaan citra negara tempat asal merek notebook pada masing-masing merek?, (3) Apakah terdapat perbedaan persepsi kualitas pada masing-masing merek produk notebook?. Penelitian ini menggunaakan metode survei. Kemudian struktur model dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi sederhana. Untuk memastikan perbedaan masingmasing merek, dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan uji One Way Anova untuk mengetahui perbedaan analisis dalam populasi. Bonferroni juga digunakan untuk melihat lebih jauh merek mana yang berbeda dari merek yang lain. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) terdapat pengaruh citra negara asal terhadap persepsi kualitas konsumen dalam korelasi positif yang searah. Hal ini menunjukkan sebuah citra negara asal yang tinggi akan meningkatkan persepsi kualitas konsumen.. (2) terdapat perbedaan citra negara tempat asal merek notebook pada masing-masing merek. (3) terdapat perbedaan persepsi kualitas pada masing-masing merek produk notebook. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah penggunaan strategi penamaan merek dapat membantu untuk meningkatkan penjualan dengan menyebutkan asal negara atau meletakkan label ?made-in? produk. Untuk produk Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk memenangkan persaingan industri dapat memberikan nama asing untuk dapat menarik perhatian konsumen dan mencapai citra produk yang lebih baik.
In tegnology market, a brand name play the important role in consumer?s purchase decision, so is country of origin. A brand name represent functional value, pleasure value and symbolic values as a reflection of buyers?s self image; country of origin image address the producer?s competences. The whole of those makes a product easier to "read". To explore the effect of country of origin on perceived quality consumen, four brands of notebook-Acer, Toshiba, MacBook Apple and Zyrex are compared. The research used survey method with subjects to have the original products of particular brand-not second hand products and/or not black market goods-to make sure the validity of answers about the brands. These research questions is: (1) is there impact from country of origin on consumer perceived quality?, (2) are there differences of country of origin among each brands?, (3) are there differences of perceived quality among each brands?. These reseach use survey method. Model structure will be tested by singleregression. To measure the difference among the brands, the research also conducted One Way Anova test to know the variance analysis in the population area. Bonferroni also used to find out which brand(s) differ from other. Based on research question, the research indicates the following result: (1) there is impact from country of origin image on consumer perceived quality in positive linear direction. It showed that high country of origin image increase consumer perceived quality. (2) there are differences of country of origin image among each brands. (3) there are differences of country of origin of consumer perceived quality among each brands. The implication from the result reseach is brand-naming strategy can help to increase sales by mentioning in the home-country or put the ?made-in? label on products. For Indonesian?s products in the purpose to survive or even win the competiton in industry companies may considered to give foreign brand name to attract consumer?s attention and achieve a better product image.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2009
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Reyhan Prasidya Kusumawardhana
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efek dari Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Persepsi Kualitas, dan Citra Perusahaan terhadap Niat Pembelian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan contoh studi kasus Indosat sebagai perusahaan telekomunikasi terbesar ketiga di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur mana dari tiga konstruk yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian lebih dari yang lain dan untuk mensimulasikan langkah strategis yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Convenience sampling digunakan untuk penelitian ini dan sampel terdiri sekitar wilayah Jabodetabek. Hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memang CSR, Persepsi Kualitas, dan Corporate Image niat beli masing-masing pengaruh pelanggan.
ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to examine the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Perceived Quality, and Corporate image towards the Purchase Intention in Indonesia. This research is was completed with a case study example of Indosat as the third largest telecommunication company in Indonesia. Moreover, this research aims to measure which of the three construct that affect purchase intention more than the others and to simulate the strategic move that may be implemented to improve the company?s performance. Convenience sampling was used for this research and the samples consists around Jabodetabek area. The hypotheses are tested using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. The results shows that indeed CSR, Perceived Quality, and Corporate Image each influences customer?s purchase intention.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Unversitas Indonesia, 2016
S64555
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
M. Naufal Yazid
Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis serta mengetahui pengaruh Negara Asal (Country of Origin) terhadap minat beli (Purchase Intention) konsumen melalui persepsi kualitas (Perceived Quality). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 200 responden yang merupakan orang yang mengetahui produk jam tangan merek Swatch asal negara Switzerland. Teknik penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan non-probability sampling serta penentuan sampel berdasarkan teknik purposive. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner, dianalisis menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan diolah menggunakan AMOS 19.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Country of Origin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Purchase Intention, Country of origin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Perceived Quality serta Perceived Quality memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Purchase Intention. ...... This research purposes to describe and discover the influence of Country of Origin on Purchase Intention through Perceived Quality. This research was developed based on the quantitative research. The sample for this study comprised 200 respondents who are people who know about the watches products of Swatch brand. This research using non-probability sampling and determine the sample through using purposive sampling technique. The research used questionnaire as research instrument, analyzed with using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and processed using AMOS 19.0. The result showed that Country of Origin had significant influence on Purchase Intention, Country of origin had significant influence on Perceived Quality and Perceived Quality had significant influence on Purchase Intention.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S66309
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Gresia Yuli Hartyaningtyas
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Saat ini konsumer semakin mudah terpapar terhadap informasi-informasi negatif. Salah satu berita negatif yang banyak beredar adalah berita tentang kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh provider dari jasa online transportation. Informasi yang bersifat negatif tersebut jika dibiarkan berdampak buruk terhadap brand, salah satunya adalah menurunkan pandangan positif konsumen kepada brand. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak dari paparan negatif publisitas negatif terhadap repurchase intention pelanggan online transportation. Berita negatif dapat mengakibatkan turunnya rasa trust pelanggan terhadap brand, selain itu paparan negatif dari publiitas negatif juga akan membuat pelanggan merevaluasi tentang kualitas produk tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah publisitas negatif berpengaruh terhadap menurunnya trust, attitude, dan perceived quality pelanggan. Selain itu, tidak terdapat efek langsung dari publisitas negatif pada turunnya repurchase intention, tetapi harus melalui mediator dahulu, yaitu attitude dan perceived quality.
ABSTRACT Rapid technological advancements enable consumers to easily access information from a variety of different channels. Various types of channels are in addition to facilitate the consumer get information, rapidly growing technology also makes the development of applications that facilitate the public a lot in terms of transportation. A widely used application is an online motorcycle taxi service. But like other brands in general, ojek applications online is also not free from negative news. The usual negative news circulating is about the crime committed by the driver to the passengers. This news certainly affects the user's view of the application of the company's performance in selecting the driver. Negative news like this can also reduce the level of trust and consumer evaluation of online transportation. The results of this study are negative publicity has an effect on decreasing trust, attitude, and perceived quality of customers. Moreover, there is no direct effect of negative publicity on the downturn of repurchase intention, but has to go through a mediator, namely attitude and perceived quality.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T52264
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Fitrasyah Nurmulya
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas mengenai perbandingan pengaruh dari consumer ethnocentrism dan cosmopolitanism terhadap perceived quality serta dampaknya terhadap purchase intention pada konsumen kosmetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan dan menganalisis pengaruh consumer ethnocentrism dan cosmopolitanism terhadap perceived quality dan dampaknya terhadap purchase intention. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel independen yaitu consumer ethnocentrism dan cosmopolitanism sedangkan perceived quality dan purchase intention adalah variabel dependen. Sementara itu, perceived quality dapat menjadi variabel mediasi. Semua variabel ini adalah variabel konstruk. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode SEM berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS). Software PLS pada penelitian ini menggunakan software SMARTPLS versi 2.0 M3. Data pada penelitian ini diambil melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 200 responden yang merupakan pengguna kosmetik di Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa consumer ethnocentrism dan cosmopolitanism memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perceived quality dan purchase intention dari para pengguna produk kosmetik.
ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the comparative influence of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism to perceived quality and their impact on purchase intention on cosmetic consumer in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism on perceived quality and its impact on purchase intention. Variables in this research consist of independent variables which are consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism whereas perceived quality and purchase intention are dependent variables. Meanwhile, perceived quality can be a mediating variable. All of these variables are construct variables. Data used in this research is primary data with purposive sampling method. This research is quantitative research with descriptive design. The research method used SEM method based on Partial Least Square (PLS). PLS software in this research using SMARTPLS software version 2.0 M3. The data in this study was taken through a questionnaire distributed to 200 respondents who are cosmetic users in Greater Jakarta. The results showed that consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism have a significant influence on perceived quality and purchase intention of users of cosmetic products.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T51761
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Nisa Sofnia
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Berkaitan dengan tingginya persaingan di industri pelumas, perusahaan harus mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor untuk mempertahankan loyalitas dari para konsumennya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara perceived quality, customer satisfaction, switching barrier dan customer loyalty sebagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi loyalitas perusahaan konsumen dalam konteks business to business (B2B). Selain itu, penelitian juga menganalisa peran customer satisfaction sebagai mediator antara hubungan perceived quality dengan customer loyalty (recommend/patronage) dan peran switching barrier sebagai moderator antara hubungan customer satisfaction dengan customer loyalty (recommend/patronage). Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka terhadap variabel, indikator dan hipotesis yang digunakan. Hipotesis dievaluasi menggunakan metode analisa Structural Equation Model berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS) menggunakan software SmartPLS 3.0. Penelitian menganalisa 36 responden dari konsumen berupa perusahaan yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis segmen industri dan didapatkan berdasarkan kuesioner secara non-probability sampling dengan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perceived quality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap customer loyalty (recommend/patronage), switching barrier berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap customer loyalty-patronage dan customer satisfaction berperan sebagai perantara terhadap hubungan antara perceived quality dengan customer loyalty-recommend.
ABSTRACT
In high competitiveness of lubricant industry in Indonesia, supplier must consider various factors to maintain customer's loyalty. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived quality, customer satisfaction, switching barrier and customer loyalty (recommend/patronage) as affecting factors. It also examined the mediating effect of switching barrier between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (recommend/patronage) and moderating effect of switching barrier between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (recommend/patronage). Through literature review for each variables, indicators and hypothesis, this paper is using SEM-PLS to evaluate the measurement and relationships. This research analyze 36 responds generated by purposive sampling. The results are perceived quality has a positive and significant effects to customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effects to customer loyalty (recommend/patronage), switching barrier has a positive and significant effect to customer loyalty-patronage and customer satisfaction roled as a mediator in relationship between perceived quality and customer loyalty-recommend. Customer satisfaction's value is high as they are satisfy with their supplier, switching barrier's value is relatively moderate so the supplier need to increase the value in order to retain customer loyalty and loyalty's values are relatively high as the customer is in contract agreement (business to business).
Depok: Fakultas Eknonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T50398
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Delonika Yuki Eka Putra
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menganalisis dan membandingkan ekuitas merek, beserta dirnensi pembentuk ekuitas merek dari kamera Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) yang terdiri dari Canon, Nikon, Olympus, dan Sony. Ekuitas merek dari masing-masing merek tersebut diketahui dengan cara mengukur dimensi pembentuk ekuitas merek yang terdiri dari, kesadaran merek (brand awareness), citra merek (brand image), persepsi kualitas (perceived quality) dan loyalitas merek (brand loyalty). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pemilik dari kamera DSLR dengan merek Canon, Nikon, Olympus, dan Sony. Survey dilaksanakan pada rentang waktu bulan April-Mei 2011 yang mencakup berbagai jenis pertanyaan yang bersifat terbuka dan tertutup. Pada akhirnya didapatkan 260 responden dalam penel!tian ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dari sisi ekuitas merek secara keseluruhan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara merek kamera DSLR tersebut. Hal ini terjadi karena masing-masing kamera DSLR tersebut memiliki nilai tertinggi pada salah satu dari empat dimensi ekuitas merek yang diteliti.
The research analyze and also compare the brand equity, with the dimensions that forming it of four Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) brands which consist of Canon, Nikon, Olympus, and Sony. The brand equity of each brand is obtained by measuring the brand equity dimensions, including brand awareness, brand image, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. This research is using quantitative descriptive approaches. The implementation of this research is conducted by spreading the questionnaire to the owner of DSLR camera of brand Canon, Nikon, Olympus, and Sony. The survey is conducted during April to Mei 2011 by spreading the questionnaire consisting of open ended and close-ended questions. At the end, the respondents which are involved in this research consist of 260 people. The research concludes that there is no significant difference between the brands in overall brand equity. This result can be happened because each brand has the highest score in one of four dimensions of brand equity which are observed.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2011
T33687
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Susan Natalia
Abstrak :
[Kerusakan pada lingkungan memancing kekhawatiran dunia dan menjadi titik tolak munculnya green consumerism yang dimulai dengan kesadaran konsumen akan hak-haknya untuk memperoleh produk yang layak, aman, dan ramah lingkungan. Hal tersebut memicu perusahaan untuk melakukan inovasi terhadap produk yang dihasilkannya dan melakukan pemasaran terhadap produk tersebut dengan menggunakan strategi green marketing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari green marketing dan perceived innovation terhadap intensi membeli green product dengan mengangkat lampu LED Panasonic. Dengan adanya perceived factors sebagai variabel mediator antara green marketing dan perceived innovation terhadap intensi membeli, yaitu perceived quality, perceived price, perceived risk, dan perceived value, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perceived innovation memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap perceived risk dan perceived risk secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap intensi membeli green product. Hasil lainnya menunjukkan green marketing awareness memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap perceived quality, sedangkan perceived innovation memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap perceived quality. ......The damage of environment has provoked the world concern and it has become the turning point of green consumerism appearance, which was begin with the consumer's realization of their rights to get worthy, safe, and environmental- friendly products. It also encouraged company to do an innovation to their product and start using green marketing as their strategy to sell it. The purpose of this research is knowing the impact of green marketing and perceived innovation on purchase intention for green product which is Panasonic LED Lamp. By using perceived factors as mediator variabels between green marketing and perceived innovation on purchase intention for green product, which are perceived quality, perceived price, perceived risk, and perceived value, this research found that perceived innovation has a negative and significant impact on perceived risk and perceived risk significantly has a negative impact on purchase intention for green product. Others result show that green marketing awareness has a negative and significant impact on perceived quality, but perceived innovation significantly has positive impact on perceived quality., The damage of environment has provoked the world concern and it has become the turning point of green consumerism appearance, which was begin with the consumer?s realization of their rights to get worthy, safe, and environmental- friendly products. It also encouraged company to do an innovation to their product and start using green marketing as their strategy to sell it. The purpose of this research is knowing the impact of green marketing and perceived innovation on purchase intention for green product which is Panasonic LED Lamp. By using perceived factors as mediator variabels between green marketing and perceived innovation on purchase intention for green product, which are perceived quality, perceived price, perceived risk, and perceived value, this research found that perceived innovation has a negative and significant impact on perceived risk and perceived risk significantly has a negative impact on purchase intention for green product. Others result show that green marketing awareness has a negative and significant impact on perceived quality, but perceived innovation significantly has positive impact on perceived quality.]
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S61842
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Kayrana Amadyatara
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor dari perceived quality dan brand trust terhadap suatu merek dan pengaruhnya terhadap perceived quality, brand trust dan brand loyalty. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 160 responden yang didapat melalui teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji beda dan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam penilaian perceived quality, brand trust dan brand loyalty dari merek Indosat dan Indosat Ooredoo. Selain itu, knowledge of the brand substitution, degree of acceptance of the brand change, percevied similarity between the old and new brand dan attachment to initial brand berpengaruh positif terhadap perceived quality. Meskipun demikian, hanya variabel degree of acceptance of the brand change dan attachment to initial brand yang berpengaruh positif terhadap brand trust. Sementara variabel knowledge of the brand substitution dan perceived similarity between the old and new brand memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap brand trust. Selain itu, perceived quality terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap brand trust, namun berpengaruh negatif terhadap brand loyalty. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa brand trust berpengaruh positif terhadap brand loyalty. ......This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived quality and brand trust factors towards perceived quality, brand trust and brand loyalty of a brand. Respondents of this research are chosen through purposive sampling, with total 160 respondents. Compare Means and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) are used to process the data. The result of this research shows that there are no difference between the measurement of perceived quality, brand trust and brand loyalty betwen Indosat and Indosat Ooerdoo. Knowledge of the brand substitution, degree of acceptance of the brand change, percevied similarity between the old and new brand and attachment to initial brand have positive effect towards perceived quality. Meanwhile, only degree of acceptance of the brand change and attachment to initial brand have positive effect towards brand trust. While knowledge of the brand substitution and perceived similarity have negative effect towards brand trust. Furthermore, perceived quality have positive effect on brand trust, but negative towards brand loyalty. Other than that, brand trust also positively effect brand loyalty.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S63028
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
<<   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   >>