Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Luteolin merupakan kandidat yang poten sebagai alternatif pengobatan penyakit asam urat karena aktivitas antiinflamasi dan penghambatan xantin oksidase. Akan tetapi, kelarutan dan permeabilitas luteolin yang kurang baikmerupakan masalahdalam pengembangan formula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi luteolin ke dalam kulitmelalui formulasi transfersom luteolin.Luteolin diformulasikan dalam transfersomdan beberapa variasi formula meliputi konsentrasi total lipid (fosfolipid-Tween 80) dan luteolin dioptimalisasi menggunakan response surface methodology. Respon optimalisasiyang diukur adalah ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta dan efisiensi penjerapan. Uji penetrasi in vitro dan in vivo dilakukan menggunakan tikus putih jantan galur Sprague Dawley.Hasil optimalisasi transfersom luteolin mengindikasikan bahwa konsentrasi total lipid 4,88% dan luteolin 0,5% merupakan formula optimal. Gambaran vesikel menggunakan transmission electron microscope (TEM) memperlihatkan partikel sferis dengan beberapa partikel yang beragregasi. Transfersom luteolin formula optimal mempunyai ukuran partikel 257,18±15,20 nm, indeks polidispersitas0,480±0,013, potential zeta -18,67±0,379 mV danefisiensi penjerapan 94,97±0,28%. Penetrasi luteolin secarain vitropada gel transfersom luteolin sebesar 16,49% dengan nilai fluks 126,80±5,09 μg/cm2/jam. Hasil tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan gel luteolin yaitu 6,27% dan fluks 24,03±2,32 μg/cm2/jam. Penetrasi in vivomemberikan nilai Cmaksdan AUC0-∞ sebesar 9982,29 ng/mL dan 25329,94 ng.jam/mL pada gel transfersom luteolin dan 2908,34 ng/mL dan 7965,88 ng.jam/mL pada gel luteolin.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa transfersom luteolin mampu meningkatkan penetrasi melalui kulit, baik secara in vitromaupunin vivo.

---

ABSTRACT
Luteolin is a potent candidate as an alternative treatment for gout due to its xanthine oxidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its poor solubility and permeability are hampering its formulationand development process. This study aimed to improve skin penetration of luteolin by luteolin transfersome formulation. Luteolin transfersome fistly was prepared, and various formulation variables including total lipid (phospholipid-Tween 80) and luteolin concentration were optimized using response surface methodology. Measured responses of optimization were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. In vitro and in vivo penetration studies were carried out using Sprague Dawley male rats. The results of optimization indicate that 4.88% total lipid and 0.5% luteolin concentration is the optimum formulation. Vesicle image using transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed spherical particles and occurrence of particle aggregation. The optimumluteolin transfersome had particle size of 257.18±15.20 nm, polidispersity index of 0.480±0.013, zeta potential of -18.67±0.379 mV and entrapment efficiency of 94.97±0.28%. In vitro penetration experiment of luteolin transfersome gel showed that16.49% of luteolin was penetrated with flux parameter was of 126.80±5.09 μg/cm2/h. It was significantly higher compared to luteolin gel which only6.27%of luteolin was penetrated and flux of 24.03±2.32 μg/cm2/h. Moreover, in vivo penetration study showed that Cmax and AUC0-∞of luteolin transfersome gel were 9982.29ng/Ml and 25329.94 ng.h/mL,respectively, which was higher than those of luteolin gel (2908.34 ng/mL and7965.88 ng.h/mL). It was concluded that luteolin transfersome enhaced in vitro and in vivo penetration of luteolin

Abstrak :
Penelitian dampak penetrasi impor terhadap produktifitas industri umumnya dilakukan pada indusri yang mempunyai keunggulan komparatif. Dengan mengambil studi kasus galangan kapal, penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji dampak peningkatan impor kapal terhadap produktifitas industri galangan kapal sebagai industri yang tidak mempunyai keunggulan komparatif. Dengan menggunakan data time series dari 1975 - 2012, disimpulkan bahwa penetrasi impor dan kebijakan perdagangan bebas dengan Cina berdampak negatif terhadap produktifitas industri galangan kapal. Namun, kebijakan pembebasan PPN dan asas caboage berdampak positif terhadap produktifitas indusri gakangan kapal kerena kebijakan ini meningkatkan permintaan kebutuhan kapal tanpa disertai peningkatan liberalisasi perdagangan. ......The research about import penetration impact on the productivity generally performed on industry which has a comparative advantage. With a case study of shipyard, this research intends to analyze the impact of increased import penetration towards productivity of shipbuilding industry as an industry that does not have a comparative advantage. By using time series data from 1975 to 2012, concluded that the import penetration and free trade policies with China have a negative impact on the productivity of the shipbuilding industry. However, the VAT exemption policies and principles cabotage have positive impact on the productivity of shipbuilding industry because they can increase demand for vessels without an increase in trade liberalization.

Abstrak :
Saat ini semakin banyak perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi makanan, minuman, kosmetik, dan market place di Indonesia memilih menggunakan produk jasa dari public figure asal Korea Selatan sebagai brand ambassador produk mereka. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia saat ini sedang kecanduan produk jasa dari Korea Selatan. Namun, pada Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Dalam Negeri bahwa adanya pelarangan untuk menggunakan warga negara asing dalam pembuatan iklan komersial. Pada penelitian ini mengkaji proses penetrasi Korean Wave kepada Publik Indonesia melalui perdagangan jasa dan kesesuaian penggunaan brand ambassador asal Korea Selatan perdagangan jasa sebagaimana diatur dalam Hukum Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa proses penetrasi Korean Wave kepada Publik Indonesia melalui perdagangan jasa pertama adanya pengaruh globalisasi dalam melakukan ekspansi K-Pop yang turut memperkenalkan beberapa produk konten K-Pop di antaranya fashion, makanan, elektronik, musik, film dan kosmetik serta melakukan promosi bahasa dan budaya Korea Selatan banyak digemari. Kedua, mulai dikenalnya film dan musik dari Korea Selatan di Indonesia. Ketiga, adanya kerjasama dengan Indonesia berupa pendirian agensi penyebaran budaya dan membuka cabang kantor agensi di Indonesia. Keempat, banyak perusahaan-perusahaan di Indonesia memiliki kerjasama dengan public figure asal Korea Selatan untuk menjadi brand ambassador. Kemudian temuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah menurut pandangan penulis belum terdapat kesesuaian terkait penetrasi budaya populer terhadap perdagangan jasa dalam Hukum Indonesia. Hal ini karena masih adanya disharmoni dalam regulasi Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai penggunaan bintang iklan dengan Warga Negara Asing. ......Currently, more companies engaged in the production of food, beverages, cosmetics, and market places in Indonesia are choosing to use service products from public figures from South Korea as brand ambassadors for their products. Therefore, Indonesia is currently addicted to service products from South Korea. However, in the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Informatics Number 25 of 2007 concerning Utilization of Domestic Resources that there is a prohibition to use foreign nationals in making commercial advertisements. This study examines the process of Korean Wave penetration to the Indonesian public through trade services and the suitability of using brand ambassadors from South Korea for trade services as stipulated in Indonesian law. The research method used is normative juridical research method. The results of this study are that the process of penetration of the Korean Wave to the Indonesian public through trade services are first has the influence of globalization in expanding K-Pop which also introduces several K-Pop content products including fashion, food, electronics, music, film and cosmetics as well as conducting language promotions and South Korean culture is much-loved. Second, the recognition of films and music from South Korea in Indonesia. Third, there is cooperation with Indonesia in the form of sensitivity to cultural dissemination agencies and opening agency branch offices in Indonesia. Fourth, many companies in Indonesia have collaborated with public figures from South Korea to become brand ambassadors. Then other findings from this study, according to the author's view there is no leeway regarding the penetration of popular culture towards trade in services in Indonesian law. This is because there is still disharmony in Indonesian regulations governing the use of advertising stars with foreign nationals.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bank efficiency yang dipengaruhi oleh penetrasi bank asing terhadap risk taking pada bank-bank konvensional di Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Vietnam, Thailand, Jepang dan Korea Selatan Tahun 2010-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori efisiensi yang diukur dengan pendekatan Data Envolment Analysis DEA untuk mengukur bagaimana efisiensi bank terhadap risiko yang dikhawatirkan sejak krisis 2008, yakni liquidity rik, credit risk dan capital risk. Penelitian ini juga memperkirakan bagaimana pengaruh bank asing yang memasuki sebuah negara terhadap keputusan bank-bank domestik untuk memilih ataupun mengambil risiko yang akan dihadapi di masa yang akan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Hal ini disebabkan bank asing yang memiliki aset yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan bank-bank domestik baik aset lancar maupun tetap. Karya Akhir ini menggunakan generalized least square yang mengoreksi masalah heterokedastisitas. Saya menemukan penetrasi bank asing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap technical efficiency dan cost efficiency melibatkan bank untuk memilih risk taking pada liquidity rik, credit risk dan capital risk. ......This study identifies the bank efficiency that is influenced by the penetration of foreign banks against risk taking in conventional banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Japan and South Korea 2010 2016. This study uses efficiency theory as measured by Data Envolment Analysis DEA approach to measure how bank efficiency against risk that has been feared since the 2008 crisis, namely liquidity rik, credit risk and capital risk. This study also discusses how the influence of foreign banks entering a country against the decisions of domestic banks to choose or take risks that will be faced in the future will be both in the short and long term. This is due to foreign banks that have larger assets compared to domestic banks, both current and fixed assets. This Final Work uses generalized least square that corrects the problem of heterokedastisitas. I found the penetration of foreign banks significantly influenced technical efficiency and cost efficiency involving banks to choose risk taking on liquidity rik, credit risk and capital risk.

Abstrak :
Konektivitas broadband mendukung upaya nasional untuk mengembangkan ekonomi pengetahuan, mendorong transformasi digital dalam layanan pemerintah dan transisi digital di semua sektor, memperluas peluang bagi perusahaan, dan memberikan nilai yang lebih besar bagi warga dan konsumen. Untuk memenuhi upaya konektivitas broadband serta peningkatan kebutuhan data, salah cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui peningkatan penetrasi fixed broadband. Rendahnya penetrasi jaringan kabel serat optik mengakibatkan belum terjangkaunya layanan fixed broadband berbasis serat optik hingga keseluruh kecamatan. Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu kota yang mempunyai jaringan fixed broadband yang rendah, mengingat bahwa Yogyakarta merupakan kota pelajar, kota budaya, dan kota wisata merupakan urgensi pemerintah untuk melakukan penetrasi fixed broadband di kota tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan tata kelola kolaboratif dalam upaya penetrasi jaringan bergerak tetap (fixed broadband) di Yogyakarta. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori collaborative governance dari Anshell dan Gash (2007) serta Deseve (2007). ......Broadband connectivity supports national efforts to develop the knowledge economy, drive digital transformation in government services and digital transition across all sectors, expand opportunities for enterprises, and deliver greater value to citizens and consumers. To meet broadband connectivity efforts as well as increasing data needs, one way that can be done is through increasing fixed broadband penetration. The low penetration of the fiber optic cable network has resulted in the inaccessibility of fiber optic-based fixed broadband services to all districts. Yogyakarta is one of the cities that has a low fixed broadband network, considering that Yogyakarta is a student city, a cultural city, and a tourist city, it is the government's urgency to penetrate fixed broadband in the city. This study aims to analyze the application of collaborative governance in an effort to penetrate fixed broadband networks in Yogyakarta. The theory used is the collaborative governance theory from Anshell and Gash (2007) and Deseve (2007). Research using the approach postpositivist with qualitative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature studies and in-depth interviews with informants who played a role in collaborative practice. The results of the study indicate that there has been good collaboration between stakeholders and the community and has fulfilled the collaborative governance theory of Anshell and Gash (2007) and Deseve (2007).

Abstrak :
Spektrum frekuensi radio merupakan sumber daya terbatas yang strategis sehingga pengelolaannya dikuasai negara untuk kepentingan dan kemakmuran rakyat berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 1999 Tentang Telekomunikasi. Dalam rangka menjaga optimalisasi pemanfaatan frekuensi, terkadang pemanfaatan frekuensi radio perlu dilakukan perubahan peruntukannya yang dikenal dengan realokasi frekuensi radio. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif berupa studi kepustakaan yaitu meneliti dokumen berupa literatur, buku-buku, peraturan-peraturan serta data-data terkait, dan juga melakukan wawancara dengan narasumber. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan Bagaimanakah Tinjauan Ketentuan Hukum Telekomunikasi dan best practice di dunia Internasional mengatur terkait BHP frekuensi radio dan realokasi frekuensi radio dan bagaimana menurut Hukum Telekomunikasi dan best practice di dunia mengenai pemanfaatan BHP spektrum frekuensi radio sebagai insentif bagi proses realokasi frekuensi radio? dan bagaimanakah efektifitas regulasi yang berlaku saat ini terhadap efektifitas proses realokasi frekuensi radio dan konsep solusi yang dapat ditawarkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan optimalisasi proses realokasi frekuensi radio. Berdasarkan kepada kajian, regulasi eksisting terkait proses realokasi frekuensi radio belum optimal dalam mendukung proses realokasi frekuensi radio,sehingga diusulkan suatu mekanisme serta pemberian insentif dari BHP frekuensi radio agar hasil realokasi frekuensi dapat segera dirasakan oleh masyarakat berupa penetrasi layanan.

---

Radio frequency spectrum is a strategic and finite resource that controlled by the state for the benefit and prosperity of the people by the Law No. 36 Year 1999 on Telecommunication. In order to maintain the optimum use of radio frequency spectrum, sometimes it is necessary to perform the spectrum reallocation to change the spectrum usage. By using a normative juridical literature study that examined the documents in the form of literatures, books, rules and related data, and also conduct interviews with sources. This study seeks to answer the question on how legal provisions in the Telecommunications and international best practice organize related matters about spectrum fee and radio frequency spectrum reallocation? How the Law of Telecommunications and the World best practice in using the spectrum fee as an incentive for radio frequency spectrum reallocation? And, how is the effectiveness of current regulation for radio frequency spectrum reallocation processes and concepts that could offer solutions to improve the efficiency and optimization of the radio frequency spectrum reallocation process. Based on the assessment, the existing regulations related to radio frequency reallocation process is not optimal to support radio frequency spectrum reallocation process, thus proposed a mechanism as well as the provision of incentives from spectrum fee so that the result of radio frequency spectrum reallocation could be immediately reached to the community in the form of penetration.