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[ABSTRAK
PM2,5 dapat masuk ke alveoli dan menjadi pemicu terjadinya inflamasi sehingga menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara spasial hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 udara dalam rumah dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga sekitar industri Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat, Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2015. Desain penelitian cross sectional modifikasi geographical epidemiology pada 125 ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang akan diperiksa fungsi parunya menggunakan spirometri serta 125 sampel PM2,5 udara dalam rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 58,4% ibu rumah tangga yang mengalami penurunan fungsi paru. Hasil analisis multivariat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang tinggal di rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 tidak memenuhi syarat berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar mengalami penurunan fungsi paru dibandingkan ibu rumah tangga yang tinggal di dalam rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 memenuhi syarat setelah dikontrol variabel ventilasi dan pajanan asap rokok. Analisis spasial menunjukkan RW 5 dan RW 8 Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat merupakan wilayah RW dengan zona prioritas untuk dilakukan intervensi kesehatan.

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ABSTRACT
Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area., Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.]

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ABSTRAK
Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian utama anak-anak di seluruh dunia daripada penyakit-penyakit lainnya.. Period prevalence pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia adalah 18,5 per mil. Dari tahun ke tahun terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus pneumonia di Kota Padang. Inhalasi bahan kimia beracun seperti partikulat juga dapat menyebabkan inflamasi dan kerusakan jaringan di paru-paru sehingga diduga menjadi penyebab pneumonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pajanan PM2,5 di udara dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita yang tinggal di kawasan pemukiman industri dan dan non industri dan faktor risiko lainnya yang dapat menimbulkan pneumonia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control. Sampel terdiri dari masing-masing 51 sampel untuk wilayah industri dan non industri berusia 12 bulan ndash; 60 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia pada balita adalah ASI eksklusif dan pemberian vitamin A. Sedangkan konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dan faktor pencemaran dalam ruangan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa pneumonia pada balita dipengaruhi oleh PM2,5 di udara setelah dikontrol variabel letak dapur, ASI eksklusif vitamin A, status gizi, dan imunisasi campak. Di harapkan ibu balita meningkatkan kesadaran memberikan ASI eksklusif, memberikan vitamin dan menjaga kesehatan balita agar terhindar dari pneumonia.

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ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children worldwide than any diseases. More than 2 million children aged 1 to 5 years died of pneumonia each year across the region. The prevalence of children pneumonia in Indonesia is 18.5 per mile. From year to year there is an increasing number of cases of pneumonia in Padang, West Sumatera. Inhalation of toxic chemicals such as particulates can also cause inflammation and tissue damage in the lungs that suspected to be the cause of pneumonia. This study aims to analyze the relationship of PM2.5 to incidence of children pneumonia living in industrial and non industrial areas in Padang and other risk factors that lead to pneumonia. This study used case control design. The sample consisted of 51 samples each for industrial and non industrial areas aged within 12 months 60 months. The results indicated that variables associated with pneumonia in children were exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A. While the concentration of PM2,5 and indoor air pollution factor were not associated to the incidence of pneumonia in children. In conclusion, the incidence of pneumonia in children is affected by the concentration of PM2.5 after controlled by the location of the kitchen, exclusive breastfeeding, vitamin A, nutritional status, and measles immunization. It is recommended to improve the awareness of mothers to give exclusive breastfeeding, provide vitamin A and maintain the health of the children to avoid pneumonia.

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Proses pengolahan kayu seperti penggergajian, penyerutan dan pengamplasan menghasilkan pencemaran udara di tempat kerja berupa debu kayu yang berupa PM2,5. Pajanan PM2,5 telah banyak dihubungkan dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 di lingkungan kerja dan terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja UD Mebel Kayu di Desa Condongsari tahun 2015. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel pekerja dipilih dengan metode total population study. Pengambilan sampel PM2,5 dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Air-Aide Airborne Particle Monitor Model AA-3500. Sedangkan gangguan fungsi paru diukur dengan spirometri. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara PM2,5 dengan gangguan fungsi paru (p-value = 0,05). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja adalah umur (p-value = 0,024), masa kerja (p-value = 0,04 dan OR = 16,000) dan penggunaan APD (p-value = 0,002). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pajanan PM2,5 di lingkungan kerja UD Mebel Kayu Desa Condongsari tahun 2015 secara statistik tidak berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi paru pekerja. Umur, masa kerja serta penggunaan APD berhubungan signifikan terhadap gangguan fungsi paru.

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ABSTRACT
Wood processing such as sawing and sanding produce wood dust containing PM2,5. Exposure to PM2,5 has been associated with an increase in lung function. This study aimed to determine the association between PM2,5 and Lung Function among wood workers in Furniture Industry in Condongsari 2015. This study used a cross sectional study design with a total population study method. PM2,5 concentration was measured by Air-Aide Airborne Particle Monitor Model AA-3500 and lung function was measured by spirometry. The statistic analysis showed that there is no assosiation between PM2,5 and lung function (p value > 0,05). Another factor that influenced lung function in workers were age (p-value = 0.024), work-years (p-value = 0.04 and OR = 16.000) and use of PPE/Personal Protective Equipment (p-value = 0.002). In conclussion, statistically PM2,5 had no association with lung function. Age, work-year and Use of PPE was significanly associated with lung function.

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Partikulat merupakan partikel yang mengandung padatan mikroskopis atau tetesan cairan yang sangat kecil sehingga dapat terhirup. PM2,5 , partikel debu yang sangat ringan dan berdiameter ukuran < 2,5 µm dan mampu menembus hingga ke alveolus bahkan dapat melewati penghalang pernapasan dan memasuki sistem peredaran darah, sehingga dapat menyebar ke seluruh tubuh (Feng et al.2016). Malondialdehyde (MDA) merupakan biomarker dari oxidative stress yang dapat terjadi di tubuh. (Grotto et al, 2006). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian oxidative stress melalui pengukuran MDA dalam urin akibat pajanan PM2,5. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan desain cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan stratified random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII sekolah menengah pertama yaitu 68 responden. Pengukuran PM2,5 menggunakan alat HAZ-DUST Epam 5000 dan pemeriksaan kadar MDA dalam urin menggunakan TBARs. Selain itu, dilakukan pemeriksaan kreatinin urin sebagai pembanding kadar MDA.Variabel lain yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi suplemen diukur melalui kuesioner sebagai faktor konfounding (perancu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar MDA dalam urin pada siswa kelas VIII adalah 32,26 µmol/g kreatinin dan konsentrasi PM2,5 di seluruh area kelas sebesar 29,31 µg/m3. Dalam penelitian ini yang dianalisis lebih lanjut adalah nilai rata-rata lingkungan kelas (gerbang, lapangan, koridor dan kelas) yang telah di ubah dengan Log 10. Berdasarkan uji statistik, PM2,5 tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kadar MDA urin setelah dikontrol dengan jenis kelamin, status merokok, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi suplemen (p.value=0,573). Disarankan untuk mengukur biomarker oxidative stress lainnya yang mungkin berperan penting dalam pajanan PM2,5. ...... Particulates Matters 2.5 (PM2.5) are particles contain microscopic solids or liquid droplets which able to be inhaled. PM2.5 is very light dust particle with diameter <2.5 ?m and able to penetrate to the alveolus and even pass through the respiratory barrier, and enter the circulatory system, which can spread throughout the body (Feng et al.2006). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of biomarker of oxidative stress in human. MDA is one of the lipid peroxide products which toxic to cells and can be influenced by any agents from environment. The aim of the study is to analyze the concentration of urinary MDA in junior high school students related to PM2.5 exposure. Research has been doned by cross sectional design with systematic random sampling method. The respondents are 68 students of VIII grade junior high school. PM2.5 is measured by using HAZ-DUST Epam 5000 and urinary MDA levels using TBARs (Spectrophotometry) from some area in the school and MDA is measured by TBARs method from student's urine and controlled by examine the urine creatinine. Other variables like age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and consumption of supplements have been asking by questionnaires as the confounding factors. The results showed that average of MDA levels in urine were 32.26 ?mol/g creatinine and the average concentration of PM2.5 in all classroom areas were 29.31 ?g/m3. We also analyzed the average levels of PM2.5 in gate, sport field, corridor and classrooms, which has been transformed with Log 10. Based on statistical test, PM2.5 did not show any significant association between concentration of urinary MDA levels after being controlled by sex, smoking status, physical activity, and supplements (p.value=0.573). For further research, it may be interesting to explore other oxidative stress biomarker that may be play important role in the exposure of PM2.5.

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Gangguan fungsi paru merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang diperkirakan menjadi penyebab ketiga kematian di dunia pada Tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan panjanan partikulat (PM2,5) terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga di sekitar kawasan pabrik semen Desa Citeuruep, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang ibu rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 57 orang ibu rumah tangga memiliki gangguan fungsi paru, 55% berumur lebih dari 40 tahun, 58% memiliki status gizi tidak normal, 59% memiliki ventilasi rumah tidak memenuhi syarat, 70% anggota keluarga merupakan perokok aktif, 67% menetap dirumah dengan jarak dari pabrik semen memiliki risko akan paparan debu, 100% Kelembaban rumah ibu rumah tangga tidak memenuhi syarat. Ibu rumah tangga yang terpajanan partikulat (PM2,5) tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 56,4% mengalami gangguan fungsi paru. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa semua varibel yang diteliti pada penelitian ini tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan sosialisasi kepada ibu rumah tangga untuk melakukan pola hidup bersih dan sehat. Selain itu, pihak puskesmas dapat melakukan penyuluhan terkait rumah sehat, pola konsumsi gizi seimbang serta inspeksi snaitasi rumah secara berkala.

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Lung function disorders is a non-commucibale disease which is estimated to be the third leading cause of death in the world in 2030. This research aims to analyze the relationship of particulate exposure (PM2,5) with lung function disorders in housewife around the cement factory area in Citeureup, Bogor Regency. The study uses a cross-sectional study design. The number of samples in this study were 1000 housewives. The result showed that 57 housewives had lung function disorders, 55% were over 40 years old, 58% had abnormal nutritional status, 59% had inadequate home ventilation, 70% of family members were active smokers, 67% settled at home with a distance from the semen factory has a risk of dust exposure, 100% humidity housewife does not qualify. Housewives who were exposed to particulate matter (PM2,5) did not meet the requirements as many as 56,4% experienced lung function disorders .Statistical result showed that all variables in this research did not have a significant relationship to lung function disorders in housewives. Prevention efforts that can be done is to socialize to housewives to do a clean and healthy lifestyle. In addition, the Puskesmas Citeureup can conduct counseling related to healthy homes, balanced nutrition consumption patterns and periodic home sanitation inspections.

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Polusi udara dapat meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap COVID-19. Pengendalian polusi udara serta pengendalian COVID-19 di Kota Tangerang belum dilaksanakan dengan maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan model prediksi hubungan polusi udara terhadap kasus COVID-19 Kota Tangerang Tahun 2020-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi tren waktu serta kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Tangerang pada bulan April- Juni 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder meliputi data ISPU (NO2, SO2, PM10, dan PM2,5), suhu, kelembapan udara dan kasus COVID-19 di Kota Tangerang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, uji korelasi, uji regresi linier berganda. Gambaran NO2, SO2, PM10 tahun 2020-2022 berada dalam kategori baik, sedangkan PM2,5 adalah kategori sedang. Hasil uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan SO2 (p= 0,001 ; r= -0,109) dan PM10 (p= 0,000 ; r= -0,210) berhubungan signifikan terhadap kasus konfirmasi COVID-19. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan polusi udara yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kasus COVID-19 di Kota Tangerang adalah PM10, setelah dikontrol dengan PM2,5, suhu dan kelembapan. Variabel PM10, PM2,5, suhu, dan kelembapan dapat menjelaskan variasi variabel kasus COVID-19 sebesar 17,7%. Model prediksi hubungan polusi udara dengan kasus COVID-19 di Kota Tangerang Tahun 2020-2022 adalah kasus konfirmasi COVID-19 = 4384,38 + 22,47PM10 + 1,63PM2,5 - 120,39suhu - 13,33kelembapan. ......Air pollution can increase vulnerability to COVID-19. Air pollution control and COVID-19 control in Tangerang City have not been implemented optimally. The purpose of this study is to determine the prediction model of the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 cases in Tangerang City in 2020-2022. This research uses a time trend ecological study design and qualitative. This research was conducted in Tangerang City in April-June 2023. This study used secondary data including ISPU data (NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2,5), temperature, humidity and COVID-19 cases in Tangerang City. Data analysis used univariate analysis, correlation test, multiple linear regression test. The overview of NO2, SO2, PM10 in 2020-2022 is in the good category, while PM2,5 is in the moderate category. The results of the spearman correlation test showed that SO2 (p = 0.001; r = -0.109) and PM10 (p = 0.000; r = -0.210) were significantly associated with confirmed cases of COVID-19. Multivariate analysis shows that the most dominant air pollution affecting COVID-19 cases in Tangerang City is PM10, after controlling for PM2,5, temperature and humidity. PM10, PM2,5, temperature, and humidity variables can explain 17,7% of the variation in COVID-19 case variables. The prediction model of the relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 cases in Tangerang City in 2020-2022 is confirmed COVID-19 cases = 4384,38 + 22,47PM10 + 1.63PM2,5 - 120.39 temperature - 13.33 humidity.

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Hipertensi merupakan salah satu kondisi medis yang cukup serius karena dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, otak, ginjal dan penyakit lainnya. Wilayah di DKI Jakarta dengan prevalensi hipertensi tertinggi berdasarkan diagnosis dokter yaitu Kota Jakarta Pusat sebesar 12,16%. Partikulat meter organik dan komponen partikulat meter dapat memicu proinflammatory effects pada paru-paru karena kemampuannya mengakibatkan stress oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun model pengaruh pajanan PM2,5 di udara ambien terhadap kejadian hipertensi melalui stress oksidatif dan sitokin inflamasi pada penduduk di Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian dilakukan pada penduduk dewasa (18-65 tahun) di Kota Jakarta Pusat dengan disain studi hybrid cross sectional ecology. Pengumpulan data secara cluster random sampling dengan analisis data dilakukan melalui pemodelan regresi logistik multilevel dan cox regresi proporsional hazard. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat asosiasi antara PM2,5 di udara ambien dengan biomarker stress oksidatif (IOR PM2,5: 2,185173-2,185176) dan dengan biomarker sitokin inflamasi (IOR PM2,5: 1,21-1,91). Pemodelan multivariat dengan cox regresi proporsional hazard menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur dan indeks massa tubuh merupakan confounder hubungan antara stress oksidatif dengan hipertensi dan antara sitokin inflamasi dengan hipertensi dengan nilai Rasio Prevalens adjusted (95% CI) masing-masing sebesar 1,19 (0,69-2,03) dan 0,99 (0,58-1,72). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ambien memiliki peran terhadap terjadinya hipertensi, stress oksidatif dan sitokin inflamasi pada penduduk di Jakarta Pusat. ......Hypertension is a serious medical condition that can increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases. The area in DKI Jakarta with the highest prevalence of hypertension based on doctor diagnosis is Central Jakarta city about 12.16%. Organic particulate matters and particulate matter components can trigger proinflammatory efects in the lung due to their ability to cause oxidative stress. This study aims to develop a model of the Influence of PM2,5 Exposure in Ambient Air on Hypertension Occurrence through Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines among residents in Central Jakarta. The study was conducted among adult residents (age 18-65 years) in Central Jakarta with hybrid cross sectional study design. Data collected using cluster random sampling with data analysis carried out through multilevel logistic regression modeling and cox proportional hazard regression. Results show there is an association between PM2.5 in ambient air with oxidative stress biomarkers (IOR PM2.5: 2.185173-2.185176) and with inflammatory cytokine biomarkers (IOR PM2.5: 1.21-1.91). Multivariate modeling with Cox regression proportional hazard shows that age and body mass index are confounders of the relationship between oxidative stress with hypertension and between inflammatory cytokines with hypertension with an adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) value of 1.19 (0.69-2.03) and 0.99 (0.58-1.72). It can conclude that concentration of PM2.5 in ambient air has a role on hypertension, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine among residents in Central Jakarta.

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ABSTRACT
PM2,5 adalah partikulat halus dengan diamterer kurang dari 2,5 μm yang memiliki dampak terhadap kesehatan manusia apabila terhirup dan masuk ke dalam sistem pernapaan. Filter merupakan salah satu komponen terpenting dalam pengukuran debu sebagai media tempat terdepositnya debu yang akan diukur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan plastik sebagai filter pada Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler. Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan untuk membandingkan berat debu yang terdeposit pada filter berbahan PTFE sebagai pembanding dan plastik sebagai bahan filter yang diuji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara berat debu yang didapatkan oleh filter PTFE dan plastik.

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ABSTRACT
PM2,5 is a fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2,5 μm which has a health effect on human health when it inhaled into human respiratory system. Filter is one of the most important component on particulate sampling as a media where particulates are collected. The objective of this research is evaluating plastics usage as a filter on Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler. Experimental reserach was held to compare dust weight ehich deposited on PTFE filter as a standard an plastics as materials were tested. The result showed there are no differences between dust weight which collected on PTFE filter and plastics.

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ABSTRAK
Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan apabila terhirup oleh manusia karena akan terdeposit ke dalam alveoli yang akan menimbulkan reaksi radang yang mengakibatkan daya kembang paru menjadi terbatas dan menurunkan fungsi paru pada manusia. Pekerja yang bekerja di industri kerajinan batu ukir mempunyai risiko tinggi terpajan oleh PM2,5 yang dihasilkan dari proses pemotongan, pembentukan dan penghalusan menggunakan gerinda. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pajanan debu PM2,5 terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja dengan desain studi cross sectional yang dilakukan pada seluruh pekerja industri kerajinan batu ukir yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi di desa Allakuang, Kecamatan Maritengngae, Kabupaten Sidrap sebanyak 100 orang. Pemeriksaan faal paru menggunakan spirometri sedangkan pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 di ruang kerja menggunakan Haz dust EPAM 5000. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dengan gangguan fungsi paru (4,17 ;1,68- 10,38). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi adalah masa kerja (2,41; 1,05-5,52) dan kecepatan angin (4,77 ;1,93-11,77). Pada analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pekerja yang bekerja pada lingkungan kerja dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 yang tidak memenuhi syarat memiliki risiko 6,86 kali menderita gangguan fungsi paru setelah dikontrol dengan variabel kecepatan angin, kelembaban, suhu, masa kerja dan penggunaan APD. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan debu batu dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap pajanan debu batu dan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan program kesehatan dan keselamatan pada pekerja serta pelaksanaan monitoring lingkungan kerja serta surveilans kesehatan kerja.

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ABSTRACT
PM2,5 concentration on the air can affect health when inhaled by human. It will be deposited in the alveoli that could inflict an inflammatory reaction that cause reduce lung volume and decreasing the lung function in human. Workers who work in stone carving craft industry had a high risk of PM2,5 exposure that resulted from the process of cutting, forming and refining by using grinder. This cross sectional study purposed to assess the relationship between exposure of PM2,5 dust and impaired lung function among 100 workers who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Allakuang village, Maritengngae subdistrict, Sidrap District, South Sulawesi Province. Lung function was assessed by spirometry. PM2,5 concentration in the workspace was assessed by Haz dust EPAM 5000. Logistic regression analysis was carried out and showed a significant correlation between the PM2,5 concentration with impaired lung function (4,2; 1,68- 10.38). Another determinant factor was the work duration (2.4; 1,05-5,52) and wind speed (4,8; 1.93-11.77). Multivariate analysis showed that worker who work on the work space with high concentration of PM2,5 tend to have 6.86 times higher risk of suffering from impaired lung function after adjusted by wind speed, humidity, temperature, work duration and using PPE (Personal protective equipment). There was significant association between the level of dust exposure with impaired lung function. Hence, it is necessary to control the dust exposure.The finding of this study could be used as a consideration of health and safety programs implementation among workers and monitoring the implementation of work space and also the surveillance of occupational health.

Abstrak :
Permasalahan yang terjadi dilingkungan yang tidak dapat dihindari di berbagai negara adalah polusi udara. Terdapat banyak penyebab terjadinya pencemaran udara, salah satunya yaitu yang disebabkan oleh partikel debu, terutama pada PM2,5. PM2,5 yang didefinisikan sebagai partikel udara ambien yang berukuran hingga 2,5 mikron. Polusi udara tidak hanya terjadi di udara ambien, tapi juga dapat terjadi di udara dalam ruang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam ruang terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan indsutri Kelurahan Tegalratu Kecamatan Ciwandan, Kota Cilegon. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2022. Pemilihan sampel penelitian ini dilakukan secara acak berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang sudah ditetapkan. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 200 orang dewasa. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 124 orang dewasa (87.3%) memiliki konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumahnya tidak memenuhi syarat menderita gangguan fungsi paru, sedangkan terdapat 34 orang dewasa (58.6%) yang konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumahnya memenuhi syarat menderita gangguan fungsi paru. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan konsentrasi PM2,5 terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada orang dewasa yang tinggal kawasan industri. Variabel confounding yang mempengaruhi terhadap pajanan konsentrasi PM2,5 diantaranya yaitu penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar, status gizi, umur, riwayat penyakit, bahan bakar masak, jenis lantai rumah dan status merokok. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan antara Konsentrasi PM2,5, umur, status gizi, dan jenis lantai rumah dengan kejadian gangguan fungsi paru. ......Environmental problems that can not be avoided in various countries is air pollution. There are many causes of air pollution, one of which is caused by dust particles, especially in PM2,5. PM2,5 is defined as ambient air particles that are up to 2.5 microns in size. Air pollution occurs not only in the ambient air, but also in the indoor air. This study aim to determine the relationship of indoor PM2,5 concentration exposure against lung function impairment of adults living around Industrial Area Tegalratu Village, Ciwandan District, Cilegon. This research uses a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was conducted on April to May 2022. The participants were identified using random sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been set. The number of samples in this study were 200 adults. The analytical results obtained of 124 adults (87.3%) had PM2,5 concentrations in their homes were not qualified to suffer from lung function impairment, while there were 34 adults (58.6%) whose PM2,5 concentrations in their homes were qualified to suffer from lung function impairment. The results of this study found a significant associated between exposure to PM2,5 concentrations of lung function impairment in adults living in industrial areas. Confounding variables that affect exposure to PM2,5 concentrations include the use of mosquito coils, nutritional status, age, disease history, cooking fuels, type of house floor and smoking status. The conclusion of this study found a significant relationship between PM2,5 concentration, age, nutritional status, and type of house floor with the incidence of lung function impairment.