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Abstrak :
Overtraining syndrome adalah menurunnya kapasitas fisik, emosi dan imunitas akibat pelatihan yang terlalu sering tanpa periode istrahat yang cukup. Overtraining berdampak pada penurunan kadar BDNF dan memori pada atlet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik overtraining terhadap kadar brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dan memori pada tikus. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan subjek penelitian tikus (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar jantan dewasa, 8-10 minggu, berat badan 200-250 gr. Terbagi atas kelompok kontrol, aerobik dan overtraining. Hasil pengukuran ditemukan kadar BDNF pada kelompok overtraining lebih rendah daripada kelompok aerobik dan kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan kadar BDNF pada kelompok Aerobik dan overtraining (p = 0,002). Hasil uji memori dengan water-E maze menunjukkan peningkatan durasi waktu dan jumlah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok overtraining (p = 0.03). Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan latihan fisik aerobik overtraining dapat menurunkan kadar BDNF dan memori pada tikus. ...... Overtraining syndrome is the reduced capacity of the aspects of the physical work, emotions and immunity as a result of the type, intensity, duration and frequency of training too often without sufficient resting period. Overtraining impact on BDNF levels and memory decline in athletes. This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic physical exercise overtraining on BDNF levels and memory in the rat brain. Experimental research methods to study. Subjects were rats (Rattus norvegicus) adult male Wistar strain, aged 8-10 weeks, initial body weight between 200-250g. Divided into 3 groups: control, aerobic and overtraining. The test results mean BDNF levels are the lowest seen in the group of overtraining. The results of statistical tests are the most significant differences in the mean levels of BDNF Aerobic and overtraining group with p = 0.002. The results of the memory test with a water-maze E showed increased duration and the number of errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0:03). This study suggests that overtraining can affect the decrease in BDNF levels and memory in mice.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang : Overtraining berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan karena dapat menyebabkan kematian mendadak pada atlet muda. Berdasarkan data epidemiologi ditemukan bahwa kejadian kematian mendadak (suddent cardiac death) pada atlet muda, penyebab paling banyak adalah gangguan kardiovaskular. Tubuh melakukan adaptasi terhadap beban berlebih, berupa remodelling (morfologi dan elektrofisiologi). Remodeling elektrofisiologis yaitu perubahan pada gap junction, berupa perubahan ekspresi Cx43 yang yang mengakibatkan gangguan penghantaran konduksi listrik. Selama latihan fisik dapat terbentuk ROS yang akan menginduksi permeabilitas mitokondria sehingga terjadi kebocoran sitokrom c, selanjutnya akan mengaktifkan kaskade apoptosis. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 6 jaringan kardiomiosit tikus Wistar kelompok kontrol dan overtraining. Ekspresi Cx43 dan caspase-3 diamati melalui pulasan imunohistokimia dan diukur dengan image J. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan bermakna pada ekspresi Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57±27711.03) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (13002.37±3705.41). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ekspresi caspase-3 pada kedua kelompok meskipun diperoleh hasil lebih tinggi pada kelompok overtraining (14.15%±10.54%) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (2,63%±3.56%). Kesimpulan : Overtraining meningkatkan ekspresi Cx43 total tetapi tidak terbukti meningkatkan caspase-3 pada kardiomiosit ventrikel kiri tikus. ......Background: overtraining has bad effect for health, overtraining can cause sudden death in young athlete, reports of sudden death incidences in young athlete claim that cardiovascular disease is the cause. The heart can face the excess load by remodeling as it?s adaptation mechanism. There is 2 type remodeling, morphology and electrophysiology. Remodeling electrophysiology is a change on Cx43 expression which can interfere the heart?s electrical conduction. Free radical which formed from physical exercise can induce mitochondrial permeability that lead leakage of cytochrome c, so that so that activate the apoptosis cascade. Methods: This study conducted on 12 Wistar rat?s cardiomyocytes tissue that divided into control and overtraining group. Cx43 expression and caspase-3 was observed through immunohistochemical staining and measured by image J. Results: There was significant increase in the expression of Cx43 total overtraining (43644.57 ± 27711.03) compared to the control group (13002.37 ± 3705.41). Found no significant differences in the expression of caspase-3 in both groups although the result was higher in the group of overtraining (14,15% ± 10,54%) compared to the control group (2,63% ± 3,56%). Conclusion: Overtraining increase total Cx43 expression but not proven to increase caspase-3 in the rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Latihan fisik aerobik adalah latihan fisik yang dilakukan secara teratur dan berkesinambungan sedangkan latihan fisik yang dilakukan dengan peningkatan durasi dan kecepatan secara bertahap termasuk dalam aerobik Overtraining. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hipertrofi pada otot ventrikel jantung kiri tikus pasca latihan fisik aerobik serta pasca latihan fisik aerobik overtraining. Metode: Identifikasi morphologi kardiomiosit ventrikel kiri jantung tikus menggunakan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin, sedangkan untuk jaringan fibrosis dengan pewarnaan Masson?s Trichrome. Identifikasi tersebut dilakukan pada kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok perlakuan aerobik dan overtraining yang dilakukan selama 11 minggu. Hasil: Analisis data menunjukkan terjadi hipertrofi yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan panjang (p=0,017), lebar (p=0,037) pada kelompok aerobik dibandingkan dengan kelompok overtraining. Peningkatan jaringan fibrosis pada kelompok overtraining dengan p= 0,00.

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Introduction : Aerobic exercise is physical exercise done regularly and continuously while physical exercise done by increasing the duration and speed gradually included in the aerobic Overtraining. This study aims to analyze hypertrophy in the left ventricle of the heart muscle of mice after aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise post overtraining. Methods : Left ventricular cardiomyocyte morphology rat heart is identified by hematoxylin eosin staining, whereas for fibrotic tissue with Masson's Trichrome staining. Such identification is performed in the control group and the treatment group performed aerobic and overtraining for 11 weeks. Conclucion: Analysis of the data showed that hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in length (p = 0.017), width (p = 0.037) in the aerobic group compared with the group of overtraining. Increased tissue fibrosis in the overtraining group with p = 0,00.

Abstrak :
Overtraining OT dapat meningkatkan produksi reactive oxygen species ROS sehingga menurunkan antioksidan endogen seperti glutation GSH yang menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat terjadi pada sistem saraf pusat, terutama hipokampus yang penting untuk pembentukan memori spasial. Stres oksidatif pada neuron mempengaruhi fungsi astrosit ditandai dengan meningkatnya Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein GFAP dan menurunkan kadar protein yang diperlukan untuk proses pemelajaran dan memori seperti protein utama presinaps synaptophysin SYP . Pada akhirnya mengganggu proses long term potentiation LTP yang diperlukan dalam pembentukan memori. Pemberian ekstrak metanol Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. H.sabdariffa , antioksidant yang poten, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kadar GSH pada tikus OT, sehingga mencegah stres oksidatif, menurunkan kadar GFAP dan meningkatkan kadar SYP serta fungsi memori. Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental menggunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan Rattus norvegicus 250 ndash; 320 gram , dibagi secara acak dalam 5 kelompok: kontrol C ; kontrol dengan H.sabdariffa C-Hib ; latihan fisik aerobik A-Ex ; latihan overtraining OT ; latihan overtraining dengan H.sabdariffa OT-Hib . Ekstrak metanol H.sabdariffa 500mg/kgBB selama 11 minggu diberikan melalui mulut melalui kanula. Latihan OT berdasarkan protokol OT dari Hohl dkk. Memori spasial bergantung hipokampus diukur dengan Y-maze pada akhir minggu ke 11. Kadar GSH hipokampus diukur dengan metode Ellman, kadar GFAP dan SYP dengan ELISA. Aktivitas OT dapat menurunkan kadar GSH, meningkatkan kadar GFAP dan menurunkan kadar SYP serta fungsi memori. Pemberian ekstrak metanol H.sabdariffa 500 mg/kgBB pada tikus yang diberi latihan OT, dapat meningkatkan kadar GSH, menurunkan kadar GFAP dan meningkatkan kadar SYP serta fungsi memori. Hasil tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak metanol H.sabdariffa 500mg/kgBB berpotensi sebagai anti oksidan dapat mencegah terjadinya gangguan fungsi memori pada tikus yang diberi latihan OT. ...... Overtraining OT can increase the production of reactive oxygen species ROS that would decrease endogen antioxidant like glutathione GSH and can affect oxidative stress. Oxidative stress could be happenned in the brain, especially in the hippocampus that plays an important role in spatial memory formation. Oxidative stress in neuron could effect astrosit function, with increasing Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein GFAP dan decreasing protein level that needed for learning and memory function like the most protein in presinpas neuron, synaptophysine SYP . This would impaired long term potentiation LTP Administration methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. H.sabdariffa, a potent antioxidant, is expected to increase glutathione GSH level in OT rats, prevent oxidative stress, decreasing GFAP level, increasing SYP level dan memori function. This experimental study was conducted on 25 male rats Rattus norvegicus 250 350 grams, randomly allocated into 5 groups control C control with H.sabdariffa C Hib mild aerobic exercise A Ex overtraining exercise OT overtraining exercise with H.sabdariffa OT Hib. Methanolic extract of H.sabdariffa 500 mg kg d, 11 weeks were administered orally via syringe cannula. Overtraining exercise correspondent to Hohl et al overtraining protocol. Hippocampus dependent spatial memory was measured by using consolidation Y Maze test in the end week 11. Hippocampal GSH level will be measured by Ellman method. Hippocampal GFAP and SYP level will be measured by ELISA. OT could decreased GSH level, increased GFAP level and decreased SYP level and memory function. Administration 500mg kgBW H.sabdariffa methanolic extract could increased GSH level, decreased GFAP level, and increased SYP level and memory function. This result indicated that 500 mg kgBW H.sabdariffa methanolic extract as potent antioxidant could prevent oxidative stress and memory function impaired on OT rats.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Akumulasi volume latihan fisik yang berlebihan (overtraining/OT), dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan penurunan performa yang disebut overtraining syndrome (OTS). Patofisiologi OTS banyak dihubungkan dengan stress oksidatif, kondisi ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan endogen, yang dapat berujung pada gangguan kardiovaskular. Beberapa penelitan menunjukkan bahwa stres oksidatif dapat dihambat melalui suplementasi antioksidan. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa) adalah tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan tinggi. Tujuan: Melihat efek OT terhadap tingkat stress oksidatif jantung tikus dan efek pemberian H. sabdariffa terhadap stress oksidatif jantung tikus OT. Metode: Studi eksperimental menggunakan 25 tikus Wistar dewasa, 8-10 minggu, 300-350 gr, diacak menjadi lima kelompok: Kontrol (C), Kontrol+Hibiscus (C-Hib), Latihan Aerobik (A), Overtraining (OT) dan Overtraining+Hibiscus (OT-Hib). Dosis H. sabdariffa yang diberikan: 500 mg/kgBB/hari. Latihan fisik (A dan OT) dilakukan 5x/minggu selama 11 minggu. Dihitung kadar MDA, SOD dan GSH pada jantung tikus menggunakan spektrofotometri dan Nox2 pada jantung tikus menggunakan ELISA pada akhir Minggu 11. Hasil: Pada kelompok OT-Hib kadar MDA secara bermakna mengalami penurunan, kadar GSH secara bermakna mengalami peningkatan, didukung dengan kadar SOD yang cenderung meningkat, namun tidak signifikan, dan Nox2 mengalami peningkatan yang tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Overtraining menyebabkan kondisi stres oksidatif pada jaringan jantung tikus dan pemberian suplementasi H. sabdariffa memiliki potensi menangani stres oksidatif pada jantung tikus overtraining

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Background: Accumulation of overtraining/OT volume, in the long run can lead to decreased performance called overtraining syndrome (OTS). Pathophysiology of OTS is associated with oxidative stress, a condition of imbalance between free radicals and endogenous antioxidants, which can lead to cardiovascular disorders. Some research shows that oxidative stress can be inhibited through antioxidant supplementation. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa) is a plant that contains high antioxidants. Objective: This study was to look at the effect of OT on rat heart oxidative stress levels and the effect of giving H. sabdariffa to oxidative stress in OT rats. Methods: The study was an experimental study using 25 adult Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks, 300-350 gr, randomized into five groups: Control (C), Control + Hibiscus (C-Hib), Aerobic Exercise (A), Overtraining (OT ) and Overtraining + Hibiscus (OT-Hib). Dosage of H. sabdariffa given: 500 mg/kg/day. Physical exercise (A and OT) is given 5x/week for 11 weeks. Calculated levels of MDA, SOD and GSH using spectrophotometry and Nox2 using ELISA at the end of Week 11. Results: In the OT-Hib group, MDA levels significantly decreased, GSH levels significantly increased, supported by SOD levels which tended to increase, but were not significant, and Nox2 experienced an insignificant increase. Conclusion: Overtraining can causes oxidative stress conditions in rat heart tissue, and supplementation of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. can handle oxidative stress in overtraining rat's heart.

Abstrak :
adalah salah satu penyebab penurunan performa fisik pada seseorang yang melakukan program latihan fisik jangka panjang. Kondisi overtraining dihubungkan dengan gangguan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) adalah protein yang menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan proliferasi sel. IGF-I bekerja dalam regulasi aksis GH/IGF, dimana kerja IGF dipengaruhi oleh growth hormone (GH) dan insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons tubuh terhadap latihan fisik aerobik overtraining dengan menganalisa kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3, mengingat hormon dan protein ini berperan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh, khususnya otot rangka. Subjek penelitian adalah 19 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (berusia 8-10 minggu, berat 150-250 gr) yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (satu kelompok kontrol dan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok aerobik dan kelompok aerobik overtraining yang diberikan perlakuan masing-masing selama 11 minggu). Perlakuan latihan fisik aerobik dan aerobik overtraining dilakukan dengan Animal treadmill L-6000 sebanyak lima hari dalam seminggu. Setelah hari terakhir perlakuan, seluruh hewan coba dikorbankan. Serum darah diambil dengan cara pungsi jantung. Kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3 dalam serum diukur dengan metode ELISA dan data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc. Hasil pemeriksaan ELISA menunjukkan kadar IGFBP-3 yang lebih rendah secara signifikan pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dibandingkan dengan kelompok aerobik, sementara tidak ada perbedaan kadar GH dan IGF-I pada ketiga kelompok. Kadar IGFBP-3 dalam serum dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai penanda biologis kondisi overtraining. ......Overtraining is one of the causes of decline in physical performance in long-term physical exercise program. Overtraining is associated with impaired regeneration of body cells. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation. IGF act based on the GH/IGF axis, which mean IGF-I act is regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). This study purpose is to determine the body's response to aerobic overtraining exercise by analyzing the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as those hormone and proteins play a role in the regeneration of body cells, especially skeletal muscle cells. Subjects were 19 white male rats of the Wistar strain (8-10 weeks old, weight: 150-250 g) were divided into 3 groups (one control group and two groups of aerobic and aerobic overtraining group both were given treatment for 11 weeks). Aerobic exercise and aerobic overtraining exercise treatment were conducted five days a week using Animal treadmill L-6000. After the last day of treatment, all experimental animals were sacrificed. Blood serum collected by cardiac puncture. Levels of GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in serum were measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. ELISA results showed significant lower levels of IGFBP-3 in aerobic overtraining group compared to the aerobic group, while there was no difference in the levels of GH and IGF-I in all groups. IGFBP-3 levels in the serum may be a suitable as biological markers for overtraining condition.

Abstrak :
Overtraining meningkatkan IL-1B sistemik akibat mikrotrauma otot sehinggga memengaruhi hipokampus yang penting dalam pembentukan konsolidasi memori spasial. Pemberian H. sabdariffa diharapkan menurunkan IL-1? dan meningkatkan IL-1ra sehingga berpotensi mencegah gangguan konsolidasi memori spasial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental terhadap 20 tikus Wistar jantan Rattus norvegicus, 250-300 gram , terbagi ke dalam 4 kelompok yaitu kontrol C , kontrol H. sabdarifa C-Hib , latihan fisik overtraining OT dan latihan fisik overtraining yang diberi H. sabdarifa OT-Hib . Pemberian ekstrak metanol H. sabdariffa 500 mg/kgBB berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi melalui peningkatan sitokin antiinflamasi IL-1ra plasma darah secara bermakna sehingga mencegah gangguan fungsi konsolidasi memori spasial tikus overtraining. ...... Overtraining lead to increase IL 1 systemically due to muscle mikrotrauma that affect hippocampus which was important in the formation of spatial memory consolidation. Administration H. Sabdariffa is expected to decrease IL 1 and increases IL 1ra thereby potentially preventing impairment of spatial memory consolidation. This research is an experimental study using 20 male Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus, 250 300 g were divided into 4 groups control C , H. sabdarifa control C Hib , physical exercise overtraining OT and physical exercise overtraining by H. sabdarifa OT Hib . Administration of the methanolic extract of H. Sabdariffa 500 mg kg body weight was a potential anti inflammatory by increase anti inflammatory cytokines IL 1ra in blood plasma so that prevent the impairment of spatial memory consolidation in overtraining Wistar rat.

Abstrak :
Latihan fisik bermanfaat menjaga kesehatan dan meningkatkan performa atlet. Ketika menghadapi kompetisi, atlet kadang meningkatkan beban latihan tanpa istirahat cukup sehingga terjadi overtraining syndrome (OTS). Pada OTS ditemukan berbagai gejala adaptasi patologis berbagai sistem organ tubuh, termasuk di jantung. Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan TNF-α sistemik. IL-6 akan berikatan dengan reseptornya dan mengaktivasi IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 sehingga terjadi hipertrofi jantung. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) diketahui memilki efek anti inflamasi. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh overtraining dan pemberian HSL pada overtraining terhadap status inflamasi jantung. Penelitian menggunakan jaringan jantung dari 25 ekor tikus Wistar berusia 8-10 minggu, berat badan 300-350 gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol (C), kontrol + Hibiscus (C+HSL), aerobik (A), Overtraining, dan Overtraining + HSL. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 11 minggu. Pada akhir penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran kadar IL-6, ERK5, dan TNF-α. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar IL-6 dan ERK5 tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok. Kadar TNF-α pada kelompok latihan fisik overtraining (206,7±40,96 pg/mg), lebih tinggi secara bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol (93,03±20,23 pg/mg). Pada kelompok overtraining + HSL, kadar IL-6 (17,62±14,42 pg/mg) dan TNF-α (44,95±6,252 pg/mg) lebih rendah secara bermakna bila dibandingkan kelompok overtraining. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa overtraining menyebabkan inflamasi di jantung dan pemberian HSL dapat menguranginya. ......Physical exercise is beneficial for maintaining health and increasing the performance of athletes. When facing a competition, athletes sometimes increase their training load without adequate rest so overtraining syndrome (OTS) occured. Various symptoms of pathological adaptation in various body organ systems are found in OTS, including in the heart. In addition, there was an increase in IL-6 and systemic TNF-α levels. IL-6 will bind to its receptors and activate IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (HSL) is known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study wanted to find out the effect of overtraining and administration of HSL in overtraining on the inflammatory status of the heart. The study used heart tissue from 25 Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 300-350 grams. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely control (C), control + Hibiscus (C + HSL), aerobics (A), Overtraining, and Overtraining + HSL. The treatment was carried out for 11 weeks. At the end of the study, IL-6, ERK5, and TNF-α level were measured. The results showed that level of IL-6 and ERK5 did not differ significantly between groups. TNF-α level in the overtraining exercise group (206.7 ± 40.96 pg/mg) were significantly higher when compared to the controls (93.03 ± 20.23 pg/mg). In the overtraining + HSL group, IL-6 levels (17.62 ± 14.42 pg / mg) and TNF-α (44.95 ± 6.252 pg/mg) were significantly lower than the overtraining group. It was concluded from this study that overtraining causes inflammation in the heart and administration of HSL can reduce it.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pada overtraining, adaptasi fisiologis menjadi tertunda atau bahkan menghasilkan suatu adaptasi yang patologis, salah satunya efek pada sistem kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh overtraining dan efek pemberian H. Sabdariffa L HSL) pada kondisi overtraining terhadap indeks hipertrofi, kadar BNP dan PGC-1α jantung tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus jantan dewasa strain Wistar (Rattus-norvegicus) yang dibagi secara acak menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi perlakuan placebo (K), kelompok kontrol yang diberi HSL 500mg/kgBB/hari (K-Hib), kelompok tikus dengan latihan aerobik (A), kelompok tikus dengan latihan fisik dengan kondisi overtraining(OT), serta kelompok tikus dengan latihan fisik dengan kondisi overtraining dan HSL 500mg/kgBB/hari (OT-Hib). Perlakuan dilakukan lima kali seminggu, selama 11 minggu. Indeks hipertrofi ditentukan dengan menghitung rasio berat jantung/berat badan, berat ventrikel/berat badan, dan berat ventrikel kiri/berat badan. Kadar BNP dan PGC-1α diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kelompok overtraining memiliki indeks hipertrofi dan kadar BNP jantung yang lebih tinggi, serta kadar PGC-1α jantung yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan aerobik. Pemberian HSL pada kondisi overtraining cenderung mencegah penurunan indeks hipertrofi dan kadar BNP jantung tikus, meskipun tidak meningkatkan kadar PGC-1α jantung. Kondisi overtraining mengarahkan adaptasi jantung ke arah patologis dan tidak tertutup kemungkinan bahwa HSL memiliki potensi untuk mencegah terjadinya hipertrofi patologis.

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ABSTRACT
Overtraining causes physiological adaptation becomes delayed or even produces a pathological adaptation, one of which is the effect on the cardiovascular system. The aims of this study are to elucidate the effect of overtraining and administration of H. Sabdariffa L (HSL) in overtraining condition on the hypertrophy index, levels of BNP and PGC-1α in the rats' hearts. This study used 25 Wistar Rattus norvegicus adult male rats, which were divided randomly into five groups, namely the control group given placebo treatment (K), the control group given HSL 500mg/kgBW/day (K-Hib), groups of rats with aerobic exercise (A), groups of rats with overtraining physical exercise (OT), and groups of rats with physical exercise overtraining and HSL 500mg/kgBB/day (OT-Hib). Treatment is done five times a week, for 11 weeks. Hypertrophy index is determined by calculated the ratio of heart weight/body-weight, ventricular weigh/body-weight, left ventricular weight/body-weight). BNP and PGC-1α levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results of this study showed that overtraining increased the hypertrophy index and heart BNP levels while reducing the levels of PGC-1α of rats compared to the control and aerobic groups. HSL administration tended to decrease the hypertrophy index and BNP levels although not increase the levels of PGC-1α in overtraining condition. Overtraining condition tend to the heart adaptation to the pathological direction and it is possible that HSL has potency to prevent pathological hypertrophy.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Overtraining merupakan permasalahan bagi peningkatan prestasi olahraga karena dapat menurunkan performa seorang atlet. Penurunan performa diduga disebabkan adanya gangguan pembelajaran dan memori. Stres oksidatif pada overtraining berdampak pada penurunan protein CREB dan BDNF yang berperan dalam plastisitas sinaps dan pembentukan memori jangka panjang. Pemberian ekstrak air Hibiscus sabdariffa L. diharapkan dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif pada overtraining. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak air Hibiscus sabdariffa L. terhadap kadar CREB pada hipokampus tikus overtraining. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental. Sampel menggunakan homogenat hipokampus tikus (n=24) yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Terbagi atas kelompok kontrol (K), ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. 400 mg/kgBB/hari (H), aerobik overtraining (AO), dan overtraining diberi ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. 400 mg/kgBB/hari (OH). Hasil: Hasil pengukuran ditemukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar CREB pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dan overtraining diberi ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. (p=0,007). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar CREB dan kadar BDNF pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dan diberikan ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. 400 mg/kgBB/hari (r=0,746, p=0,088). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. 400 mg/kgBB/hari meningkatkan kadar protein CREB pada hipokampus tikus overtraining. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara protein CREB dengan BDNF pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dan diberikan ekstrak air H. sabdariffa L. 400 mg/kgBB/hari.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Overtraining is a problem in athlete cause it can decrease athlete?s performance. Performance decreases in athlete may caused by learning and memory impairment. Oxidative stress in overtraining may decreases CREB and BDNF levels which involved in synaptic plasticity and long term memory formation. Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. administration can prevent oxidative stress in overtraining. The aim is to know the effect of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. to CREB levels in hippocampus of overtraining rats. Methods: This research was experimental. Sample used rats hippocampus homogenate (n=24) which were divided into four groups: control (K), aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. (H), aerobic exercise overtraining (AO), and overtraining given aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. (OH). Results: Research found CREB levels increased significantly in the OH group than AO group (p=0,007). There was no correlation between CREB levels and BDNA levels in overtraining rats given aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. (r=0,746, p=0,088). Conclusion: Aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L. administration could increase CREB levels in hippocampus of overtraining rats. There was no correlation between CREB and BDNA proteins in overtraining rats given aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa L.