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Abstrak :
The first two Islamic sources are Al Qur'an and Al Hadis, and the secondary source is the rational interpretation of the Scripture popularly called fiqh. Al Qur'an and Al Hadis have been regarded as the main source and acknowledged as the absolute statement (qat'i tsubut).....

Abstrak :
This article describes the dynamics of religious authority in Indonesia. It explores who is eligible to hold the religious authority and on what condition. One of the religious authoritives instution in Indonesia is MUI (the National Council of Indonesian Ulama).....

Abstrak :
Life in social order runs in meaningful life in which existed a number of value, regulation and social cohesion system and also authority that should be obeyed. How if some of values is questional and even descruted? this article focuses on religious authorithy matter as part of social system recently questional? Baside that it describes the effects of ignoring the authority in social life.

Abstrak :
Pasar modal merupakan salah satu lembaga keuangan yang memberikan sarana untuk mendorong tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi pada umumnya dan juga sebagai sarana untuk pinjaman atau suntikan dana bagi emiten dan keuntungan bagi investor pada khususnya. Pasar modal merupakan kegiatan yang mengutamakan keterbukaan informasi sehingga informasi merupakan hal yang utama sehingga dapat dikatakan kegiatan pasar modal ini merupakan kegiatan yang mengutamakan kepercayaan. Selain hal tersebut pasar modal merupakan kegiatan transaksi keuangan yang memiliki karakter yang kompleks sehingga dalam melakukan kegiatannya di awasi oleh lembaga tersendiri yaitu Bapepam-LK. Melihat karakter pasar modal yang bersifat terbuka, karakter transaksi yang kompleks dan memiliki keuntungan yang cukup besar bagi investor, emiten maupun perekonomian Negara maka kemungkinan besar digunakan oleh oknum-oknum yang memiliki moral hazard salah satunya adalah melakukan tindak pidana pencucian uang. Dahulu Bapepam-LK memiliki banyak permasalahan dalam upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana pasar modal yang terindikasi pencucian uang baik itu permasalahan eksternal maupun internal lembaga Bapepam itu sendiri. Semenjak 31 Desember 2012 Bapepam-LK telah melebur menjadi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan yang bersifat independen dan memiliki kewenangan pengawasan seluruh lembaga keuangan dan non lembaga keuangan. Pasar modal merupakan salah satu bagian dari lembaga keuangan yang diawasi dan melakukan penegakkan hukum terhadap pelanggaran undang-undang pasar modal. dengan eksistensi lembaga independen OJK yang diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan penegakkan hukum yang dialami oleh Bapepam-LK sebelumnya. ......The capital market is one of the financial institutions that provide a means to encourage economic growth in general and also as a means of borrowing or an injection of funds for companies and profits for investors in particular. The capital market is an activity that promotes the disclosure of information so that information is the main thing that can be said of capital market activity is an activity that promotes confidence. In addition to the capital market is a financial transaction which has a complex character so that in conducting its activities are supervised by separate agencies that Bapepam-LK. Seeing characters that capital markets are open, the characters complex transactions and has significant advantages for investors, issuers and the economy of the State is most likely used by the individuals who have the moral hazard one of which is a criminal offense of money laundering. Formerly Bapepam-LK has a lot of problems in the fight against crime capital markets, as indicated by both the money laundering external and internal problems Bapepam institution itself. Since December 31, 2012 Bapepam-LK has been merged into the Financial Services Authority who are independent and have the authority to control all financial institutions and non-financial institutions. The capital market is one part of financial institutions controlled and enforce laws against violations of capital market law. the existence of independent institutions FSA is expected to resolve the problems faced by law enforcement Bapepam-LK before.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mengkaji ulang tentang otoritas publik milik pemerintah Indonesia yang mulai ditantang oleh otoritas privat aktor non-negara. Untuk mengkaji ulang mengenai hal tersebut, penulis akan melihat contoh kasus keterlibatan P.T. Pusaka Benjina Resources (P.T. PBR) dalam jejaring penangkapan ikan ilegal yang ada di Indonesia, melalui framework dari konsep otoritas privat, khususnya konsep illicit authority, serta konsep network analysis (analisis jejaring). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik process-tracing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penelaahan tentang bagaimana aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam jejaring penangkapan ikan ilegal ini dapat memanfaatkan jejaring yang mereka miliki untuk melanggengkan otoritas privat dan illicit authority mereka, dan pada akhirnya dapat menentang otoritas publik milik pemerintah Indonesia.

Penelitian ini sendiri berkesimpulan bahwa P.T. PBR dapat bersaing dengan otoritas publik pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya bersaing dalam sektor perikanan, karena P.T. PBR dapat memanfaatkan social capital serta material goods yang diperoleh dari keterlibatannya dalam jejaring penangkapan ikan ilegal. Lebih dari itu, P.T. PBR, sebagai aktor privat, dapat bersaing dengan otoritas publik pemerintah Indonesia, sebab pemerintah Indonesia itu sendiri kurang turut berperan menyediakan public goods, sehingga dapat menimbulkan capacity gaps dan functional holes, kemudian memunculkan suatu power-vacuum, yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh aktor non-negara untuk meningkatkan otoritas privat miliknya.

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ABSTRACT
This research reanalyze on the issue of the public authority of Indonesian governnment that is begin to be challenged by the private authority of non-state actors. To reanalyze on that issue, this research will and observe the case study of the involvement of P.T. Pusaka Benjina Resources (P.T. PBR) in the existing illegal fishing networks, through the framework of the concept of private authority, especially the concept of illicit authority, and also the concept of network analysis. The method that is used in this research is the process-tracing technique. This research aims to undertand how the actors that are involved in the illegal fishing networks could use the networks to preserve their private and illicit authority, and in the end could challenge the public authority of the Indonesian government

The research itself concludes that P.T. PBR could compete with the public authority of the Indonesian government, especially to compete in the sector of fisheries, because P.T PBR could use the social capitals and the material goods that is acquired from its involvement in the illegal fishing networks. Moreover, P.T. PBR, as a non-state actor, could compete with the public authority of the Indonesian government, because the Indonesian government itself is lack in its role to provide the public goods, so it could rises up the capacity gaps and functional holes, and turns up a power-vacuum, which the non-state actors could benefit from to improve their private authorities.

Abstrak :
makalah ini disampaikan pada diskusi panel pembangunan hukum arah pengembangan sistem peradilan indonesia, diselenggarakan oleh BPHN DEPKUMHAM Provinsi Yogyakarta tanggal 24-27 april 2007

Abstrak :
Ulama ply a vital role in the Indonesian society. The Ulama have two functions,as a religious leader and problem solver. Those functions have made possible for the ulama to gain power and legitimacy within the siciety....

Abstrak :
historically, the Muslims came to embrace a lawful of interpreting the Qur'an and early in their history. This method relies on a hadith-based interpretation of the Qur'an and most Muslims view this as the only legitimate way to road the scripture....

Abstrak :
A question that has received little attention from observers of modern Islam, is how the 'Ulama's discourses on ijtihad relate to rheir conceptions of religious authority.....