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Abstrak :
Kemajuan dalam bidang ekonomi telah memberikan dampak pada terjadinya proses transisi epidemiologi termasuk dalam bidang gizi. Indonesia saat ini dan pada dekade yang akan datang diperkirakan akan menghadapi 2 jenis masalah gizi. Disatu sisi Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah gizi kurang, sementara disisi lain terjadi peningkatan prevalensi penderita gizi lebih terutama di perkotaan. Keadaan gizi kurang atau lebih terjadi karena kegagalan mencapai gizi seimbang. Ditinjau dari konsumsi makanan ternyata keadaan gizi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh total konsumsi energi saja tetapi juga ditentukan oleh komposisi zat gizi yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari. Beberapa pengukuran dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan gizi seseorang. Khusus untuk pemantauan keadaan gizi orang dewasa, salah satu cara yang dikenal dan sering digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Dengan mengetahui IMT dapat dinilai apakah keadaan gizi seseorang kekurangan berat badan (kurus), normal atau kelebihan berat badan (gemuk). Dalam rangka mengetahui masalah gizi pada orang dewasa, dan menemukan alternatif penanggulangannya terutama di daerah perkotaan, Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat Depkes RI bekerjasama dengan FKM-UI telah melakukan penelitian di 12 kota di Indonesia. Sedangkan data yang dianalisa dalam rangka pembuatan tesis ini adalah merupakan bagian dad penelitian diatas yang mencakup 10 kota di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang lebih berperanan dari berbagai variabel yang diteliti terhadap Status Gizi orang dewasa dengan desain penelitian potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Sedangkan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah orang dewasa yang berumur 18 tahun atau lebih. Penelitian ini melibatkan 11 variabel Independen yaitu faktor-faktor yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan status gizi (IMT) pada orang dewasa, variabel tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: umur dan jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, konsumsi makanan, aktifitas fisik , status sosio ekonomi, kebiasaan makan, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan gizi, etnik, dan kebiasaan merokok. Dari seluruh hasil analisa ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, kebiasaan makan, % konsumsi lemak dari energi, % konsumsi karbohidrat dan energi, status perkawinan, dan tingkat pendidikan, berhubungan secara statistik dengan Status Gizi orang dewasa di 10 kota di Indonesia. Dari variabel yang bermakna ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, % lemak dari energi, dan pola kebiasaan makan mempunyai peranan yang dominan dibanding variabel lainya., Hasil analisis multivariat telah menghasilkan sebuah model yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai peramal status gizi dalam hal ini digambarkan oleh Indeks Massa Tubuh seseorang. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disampaikan saran bahwa dalam rangka penanggulangan masalah gizi, ada dua faktor yang harus menjadi titik perhatian di dalam penanggulangan masalah gizi lebih yaitu faktor kebiasaan makan dan komposisi konsumsi zat gizi , terutama % lemak dari energi. Kepustakaan : 50 (1971-1996)

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Factors Connected with the Nutritional Status of Adults in 10 Cities in Indonesia in 1996The advancement in economics have given the impact in the transition process of the epidemiologist including in nutrition problem. In Indonesia, today and the coming decade, was estimated to have two kinds of problems in nutrition. In one side Indonesian is still having the under nutrition, while in another side the increase of the over nutrition prevalence occurs especially in the city areas. The under nutrition or over nutrition occurs does to the failure in balancing the nutrition. From the food consumption point of view, it is clear that the nutritional status is not determined by total energy only, but also the composition of the nutrition substance consumed daily. Several measurements could be used to identify the nutritional status. For a special evaluation of adult the nutritional status, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is one known and commonly used. Using in adults the BMI could estimate under nutrition, normal, or over nutrition. In the frame of identifying the nutrition problems and for finding alternative solutions especially in the city areas. The Directorate of the Community Nutrition and Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia has done a research in 12 cities in Indonesia. The data analyzed for this thesis was part of the above research mainly the ten cities in Indonesia. This research was intended to see the more significant factors from different variables observed, designed using a Cross Sectional method. The sample in this observation were the 18 years old adults or older. This research involved 11 variables independents possibly related to the nutrition status (BMI) for adults, those variable as follows : age and sex, marital status, food consumption , physical activities, level of social economics, level of education, food habits, level of nutrition knowledge and health, ethnics, and smoking habits. This study found out that the age, sex, food habits, percentage of the fat consumption in energy, percentage of carbohydrates from energy, marital status, and level of education are statistically related to the status of nutrition of adults in ten cities in Indonesia. From the meaningful variables are seen that sex, percentage of fat from the energy, and food habits have dominant roles compared with other variables. The multivariate analysis produced a model, which could be used as a prediction of nutrition status. It could be suggested for of overcoming the problems of the nutrition, it should be focused in two factors, mainly food habits and the percentage of fat from energy. References: 50 ( 9971-1996)

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Most poverty prevalence in developing countries is found among people living in rural areas, which depend on agricultural activities as their main source of livelihood (Suryana, 1992, Kuhonta, 1986).

This study assessed the overall condition of the rural community in Pasaman (Jambak and Sarik village) and Sawahlunto/Sijunjung (SP I and SP IV village) district regarding to the poverty and nutritional situation by using an adapted Rapid Rural assessment method which was called RAPID: Rapid Nutritional Assessment for Community Based Poverty Alleviation Projects in Developing Countries, developed by GTZ. The method consists of interviewing key persons, focus group discussion, observation and height measurement of school children (6-9 years old).

Other method to diagnose and analyze the nutritional situation of risk group is a nutritional survey. Interview and anthropometrics measurement of fewer than five children and the mother were done in this method.

A poor state of nutrition and health also leads to lower productivity and reduces the availability of food at the household level, which now forms a vicious cycle. The availability of food can describe the food security status of the household. This study also attempted to look into the main problems of food security on rural community by using food security questionnaire developed by SEARCA (South East Asian Regional Center for Agriculture). The result of interviewing the mothers by this method revealed that current food security status in Jambak and Sarik was better than SP I and SP IV while SP IV was worse than SP I. The similar result was found by other two methods.

RAPID method described the overall condition of the study area in a short time. This method also collected preliminary information on the nature and importance of poverty and nutritional problem, and supply of the resources of the study area. However this method insufficient to describe the relationship between nutritional problem and its determinant factor.

Baseline survey gave the extent of the nutritional problem in the area, nevertheless this method needed some resources; fund, personnel, equipments and time.

Food security method assessed the extent of food security problems in the area, however in this study, it was proved that the questionnaire was not fully applicable, therefore further analyses based on SEARCA method could not be completely applied.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas model prediksi berat lahir bayi berdasarkan status gizi dan faktor lainnya di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Kejadian rata-rata berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok sebesar 3172,96 gram.Untuk mengetahui model prediksi berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok dilakukan penelitian dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional, menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit tersebut. Hasil penelitian rata-rata usia ibu yang melahirkan 30,29 tahun dengan pendidikan ibu di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok tertinggi SMP sebesar 50,4%, SD 22,2%, SMA 25,9%, dan Perguruan Tinggi 1,5%. Rata-rata ibu yang memeriksakan kehamilan atau melahirkan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah tidak bekerja sebesar 97,8% dengan paritas atau jumlah anak kurang dari sama dengan tiga orang sebanyak 68,9% dan rata-rata usia kehamilan ibu 38,59 minggu, rata-rata berat badan sebelum hamil sebesar 53,52 kg. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan 3 variabel yang signifikan yaitu usia ibu, usia kehamilan, dan berat badan sebelum hamil dan usia kehamilan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap berat lahir bayi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Depok. ...... This study discusses birthweight prediction model based on nutritional status and other factors at the General Hospital in Depok. This research is a quantitative study. Average incidence of birth weight babies in the General Hospital of 3172.96 grams. To determine the predictive model birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok conducted research with cross sectional research design, using secondary data from medical records of mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the hospital. The results of the study the average age of mothers giving birth to 30.29 years of education of mothers in the General Hospital of Depok City junior high at 50.4%, SD 22.2%, 25.9% high school, and university 1.5% . Average mothers during their pregnancy or childbirth in the General Hospital of 97.8% does not work with parity or the number of children less than three to 68.9% and an average age of 38.59 weeks gestational mother, average The average pre-pregnancy weight was 53.52 kg. The results mentioned three significant variables, namely maternal age, gestational age, and prepregnancy weight and gestational age were greatest effect on birth weight infants in the General Hospital in Depok.

Abstrak :
Salah satu upaya apabila seseorang berhasil mencapai usia lanjut adalah mempertahankan atau membawa status gizi yang bersangkutan pada kondisi optimal agar kualitas hidup yang bersangkutan tetap baik, gangguan gizi yang umumnya muncul pada lansia selain gizi kurang juga gizi lebih yang apabila dilihat dari sudut kesehatan, sama-sama merugikan dan dapat menyebabkan kematian dengan penyebab yang berbeda. Gangguan gizi pada lansia diduga berkaitan dengan perubahan lingkungan maupun kondisi kesehatan. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi lansia di kota Bengkulu.

Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 207 orang lansia yang berumur > 60 tahun dan dipilih dengan menggunakan systematic random sampling.Pengumpulan data variabel bebas seperti jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, status tempat tinggal, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan gizi, status ekonomi dan aktifitas fisik dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur sedangkan untuk konsumsi makanan (total energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak) dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu food recall dan food frequencies.

Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi lansia yang mengalami gizi lebih sebesar 18,4% dan gizi kurang sebesar 19,3%. Hasil uji t menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (P>0,05) rata-rata IMT menurut jenis kelamin, status perkawinan dan status tempat tinggal serta tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara pengetahuan gizi dengan IMT lansia. Akan tetapi, ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p<-0,05) rata-rata IMT antara lansia yang melakukan olah raga dengan yang tidak melakukan olah raga dan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05) rata-rata IMT menurut frekuensi, lama dan jenis olah raga. Selanjutnya ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi dengan IMT lansia. Ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara total energi dengan IMT serta ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara asupan karbohidrat, protein dan lemak dengan IMT setelah di adjusted dengan total energi. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi linier juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan dengan IMT lansia adalah jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan asupan karbohidrat dengan koefisien determinasi (R2 ) sebesar 0,10 yang artinya variabel jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan asupan karbohidrat hanya dapat menjelaskan IMT lansia sebesar 10%.

Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa lansia di kota Bengkulu mengalami masalah gizi ganda yaitu masalah gizi lebih sudah mulai timbul akan tetapi masalah gizi kurang masih terjadi. Untuk itu, perlu digalakkan promosi gizi melalui pendekatan keluarga dirnana lansia tinggal serta bila memungkinkan memberikan makanan tambahan kepada lansia yang kurang gizi terutama lansia dengan kondisi ekonomi yang kurang.

Datar bacaan : 51 (1986-2000)

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Factors Related to Nutritional Status among Elderlies Bengkulu City,2001When reaches elderly age, one should maintain an optimal nutritional status to ensure a good quality of life. Nutritional problems that occur during old ages may take two forms, that is, under nutrition or over nutrition, both are health devastating and might cause death due to different reasons. Nutritional problems among elderly relate to changes in both environment and health conditions in general. Thus, this study aims to describe the nutritional status and its related factors among elderly in Bengkulu city.

The study design is cross-sectional with 207 subjects aged > 60 years of old and were selected using systematic random sampling. Structured interview was used to collect data such as gender, marital status, residential status, educational level, nutrition knowledge, economic status, and physical activity level. While for food consumption (to predict macronutrients consumption such as total energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat), two methods, that is, food recall and food frequency questionnaires were employed.

The study showed that the proportion of elderlies with over nutrition was 18,4% and elderlies with under nutrition was 19,3%. T-test showed no significant difference (p>O,05) in BMI for gender, marital status, and residential status. Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>O,45) in BM[ for nutrition knowledge. Significant difference (p< 0,05) was found in BMI for elderlies who perform sport activities and those who do not. However, no significant differences were found for frequency, duration, and type of sport activities. Significant differences in BMI (p<0,05) were found for different level of education, economic status, total energy intake, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes (after being adjusted for total energy intake). The multivariate tinier regression analysis showed that the dominant factors determining the BMI of elderlies in this study were gender, educational level, and carbohydrate intake (adjusted) with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0,10, meaning that these variables could only explain 10% of the BMI among elderlies in this study.

The results of the study lead to conclusion that elderlies in Bengkulu city faced a double burden of nutritional problems, that is over nutrition and under nutrition at the same time. Therefore, an adequate nutrition promotion is to be embarked through family approach where most of elderlies stay. If possible, for elderlies with low economic status, a supplementary food should be provided.

Reference : 51 (1986 - 2000)

Abstrak :
The study was carried out among 40 low-income households in East Jakarta. It generally aimed at examining the contribution of intra-household food distribution practices to the differences in nutritional status of individual members within and between urban poor households with underfive year old children. Two groups represented the study households. One group with malnourished (<-2 Z-scores for weight for age indicator) 18-60 months old children and the other group with well-nourished (>:-2 Z-scores) of the same age. A three day household and individual food intake were collected through the use of a combined food weighing and 24-hour food recall method. Results revealed that.malnourished underfive year old children were given less adequate diets in terms of nutrient requirement while parents? diet were sufficiently adequate. In contrast, the well-nourished children were adequately fed while their parents got less. The children's intake were found to have a marginal relationship with their nutritional status while significant associations were seen with parent's energy intake and household's total income. On the whole, findings indicated inequality in the food distribution patterns among urban poor households and these patterns somehow influences the nutritional status of household members particularly the pre-school age children

Abstrak :
Perkembangan otak yang signifikan terjadi hingga usia 5 tahun. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan ini adalah nutrisi, yang dapat digambarkan dengan status gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan perkembangan pada usia lima tahun pertama. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilaksanakan di Pancoran Mas, Depok pada tahun 2018 dan Kampung Garungsang dan Kampung Tapos, Bogor pada tahun 2019. Status gizi diukur dengan antropometri dan perkembangan dinilai dengan KPSP. Dari 50 subjek penelitian, 26% anak masing-masing memiliki status gizi berat badan/umur (BB/U) dan tinggi badan/umur (TB/U) yang tidak normal, dan 22% anak dengan tinggi badan/berat badan (TB/BB) yang tidak normal. Lebih dari 60% anak dengan gangguan gizi memiliki perkembangan yang meragukan atau kurang. Sebaliknya, lebih dari 70% anak dengan status gizi normal memiliki perkembangan yang sesuai. Parameter BB/U dan BB/TB berhubungan dengan perkembangan (p = 0.001; p = 0.006), namun tidak TB/U. Faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan adalah kelompok usia, berat badan lahir, pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin, dan pengasuh (p < 0.05). Perkembangan anak perlu dipantau secara berkala dengan memperhatikan kecukupan gizi, kesehatan prenatal, dan pengasuhan ibu yang baik untuk perkembangan otak yang optimal. ......Major neurodevelopment happens until the age of 5. One of the factors that influence neurodevelopment is nutrition, which can be depicted by nutritional status. This research is to find the association between nutritional status and neurodevelopment in the first five years of age. This cross-sectional research was conducted in Pancoran Mas, Depok in 2018 and Kampung Garungsang and Kampung Tapos, Bogor in 2019. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry and neurodevelopment was evaluated using KPSP. Of 50 subjects, there were each 26% of children with abnormal weight for age and abnormal height for age, and 22% of children with abnormal weight for height. More than 60% of undernourished children had poor or questioned neurodevelopment. In contrast, more than 70% of children with normal nutritional status had proper neurodevelopment. Weight for age and weight for height had significant association with neurodevelopment (p = 0.001; p = 0.006), but not height for age. Other factors that were associated with neurodevelopment were age group, birth weight, health check-up, and primary caregiver (p < 0.05). Child development should be monitored regularly and good nutrition, prenatal health, and maternal care should be taken into account for optimal neurodevelopment

Abstrak :
Malnutrisi didapat di rumah sakit dapat mempengaruhi proses kesembuhan pada pasien. Berbagai gizi diperlukan untuk mempercepat kesembuhan. Responden penelitian ini 138 data pasien anak berusia 1 bulan sampai usia 18 tahun masa perawatan Januari-Desember 2017. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional dengan model retrospektif. Pasien anak dengan organomegali, retensi cairan, dehidrasi, dan pasien dengan pulang atas permintaan pasien (APS) tidak masuk penelitian. Pengukuran status gizi menggunakan BB/TB untuk usia ≤ 5 tahun dan IMT/U untuk > 5 tahun. Hasil uji statistik antara status awal masuk RS dan lama rawat sebesar 0,689 untuk BB/TB dan 0,869 untuk IMT/U. Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi awal masuk rumah sakit dan lama rawat (nilai P > α). Pemeriksaan awal terkait gizi sangat diperlukan untuk membantu dalam pemberian perawatan dari awal dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan. ......Nutrition problem acquired in hospital effect to healing process. Nutritions need to recovery. This research used 138 respondent age between 1 month and 18 years old registered January to December 2017. Study Cross-sectional and retrospective. Patients with organomegaly, fluid retention, dehydration, and turn out of hospital by request exclude respondent. Nutritional status measured by weight for height (≤ 5 years old) and body mass index (BMI) for age (>5 years old). Statistic test between nutritional status at admission and length of stay is 0,689 for BB/TB and 0,869 for IMT/U. there is no correlation between nutritional status at admission and length of stay (P value > α). Nutrition screening at admission important to support giving early treatment and increasing recovery

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran status gizi dan kemiskinan di Indonesia tahun 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya gambaran status gizi balita, karakteristik orangtua, karakteristik keluarga dan karakteristik kemiskinan pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2010. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2010. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga yang mewakili 33 povinsi di Indonesia, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah anggota rumah tangga yang termasuk dalam rentang usia balita (0 ? 59 bulan) yang berjumlah 18.743 anak. Penelitian menemukan prevalensi gizi kurang 14,8%, balita pendek 18,2%, balita kurus 6,9%. This study discusses about the picture of nutritional status and poverty in Indonesia in 2010. The purpose of this study is to know the picture of nutritional status of children, parental characteristics, family characteristics and the characteristics of poverty on children under five in Indonesia in 2010. The design of the study is a cross-sectional using secondary data from Riskesdas 2010. This study population is all households representing 33 provinces in Indonesia, while the study sample was a member of the household who is included in the toddler age range (0-59 months), amounting to 18 743 children. The study found the prevalence of malnutrition was 14.8%, short toddler was 18.2%, skinny toddler was 6.9%.