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"Strain Nostoc (CPG8, CPG24 dan GIA13a) yang diambil dari persawahan di Ciptagelar, Jawa Barat dan Gianyar, Bali digunakan untuk mengetahui asosiasi yang terjadi dengan akar tanaman padi. Kultivasi tanaman padi dilakukan dalam kondisi aseptik (in vitro) pada suhu 250C dengan 12 jam siklus terang-gelap hingga tanaman padi berusia 14 hari. Strain Nostoc diinokulasikan ke dalam tanaman padi yang telah di ko-kultivasi dalam medium cair BG11 N-free sebanyak 0,4 gram berat basah untuk setiap perlakuan. Pengamatan asosiasi yang terjadi antara Nostoc dengan akar tanaman padi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan mikroskop cahaya.Hasil analisis SEM dan mikroskop cahaya menunjukkan ketiga strain Nostoc terlihat di bagian permukaan akar dan mendominasi permukaan bagian tengah akar tanaman padi. Ketiga strain Nostoc juga menunjukkan peningkatan kadar klorofil dan strain Nostoc CPG24 memiliki peningkatan kadar klorofil a yang paling signifikan sebesar 2,108 mg/L. Tanaman padi menunjukkan gejala defisiensi Nitrogen, Phospor dan Kalium sedangkan ketiga strain Nostoc menunjukkan peningkatan kadar klorofil yang sebanding dengan peningkatan biomassa. Bentuk asosiasi diantara tiga strain Nostoc dengan akar tanaman padi secara in vitro adalah kompetisi dalam memperoleh nutrisi dari media ko-kultivasi.

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Nostoc strains (CPG8, CPG24 and GIA13a) were taken from rice fields in Ciptagelar, West Java and Gianyar, Bali used to determine the association is going on with the roots of rice plants. Paddy cultivation is done under aseptic conditions (in vitro) at a temperature of 250C with a 12 hour light-dark cycle of up to 14 days old rice plants. Nostoc strain was inoculated into rice plants that have been in co- cultivation in liquid medium BG11 N-free as much as 0,4 gram wet weight for each treatment. Observations occurred between Nostoc association with the roots of rice plants is done by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and light microscopy.

The results of SEM and light microscopy analysis showed the three strains of Nostoc visible on the surface of the root surface and dominates the central part of the roots of the rice plant. All of Nostoc strains also showed increased levels of chlorophyll and Nostoc strains CPG24 have elevated levels of chlorophyll a most significant of 2.108 mg/L. Rice plants showing symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while all three strains Nostoc showed elevated levels of chlorophyll which is corelated to the increase in biomass. The association of the three strains of Nostoc with the roots of rice plants in vitro is competition in obtaining nutrients from the co-cultivation medium."

"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian strain Nostoc CPG8, CPG24, dan CIM7 terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif padi varietas Ciherang. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji ANOVA dan LSD, kecuali data jumlah daun, dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian strain Nostoc CPG24 dan CIM7 berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman akhir (P < 0,05). Strain Nostoc CPG8 dan CPG24 berpengaruh nyata menurunkan jumlah buah kosong (P < 0,05). Pemberian ketiga strain Nostoc tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter vegetatif panjang akar dan parameter generatif jumlah bulir, jumlah buah berisi, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tanpa buahbuahh total buah per rumpun, jumlah buah bernas per rumpun, jumlah buah kosong per rumpun, berat basah tanaman, dan berat basah, serta berat basah dan berat kering buah.

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This experiment was conducted to see the effect of Nostoc strains CPG8, CPG24, and CIM7 to vegetative and generative growth of Ciherang varieties of rice. Data was analyzed used statistics, with ANOVA and LSD, except for leaf total was used descriptive. The result showed that Nostoc strains of CPG24 and CIM7 increased plant height (P < 0,05). Nostoc strains of CPG8 and CPG24 decreased the number of filled out grains (P < 0,05). Those three Nostoc strains had not affect increase root length, the number of panicles, the number of filled grains, fresh and dry weight plants without grain, and fresh and dry weight grains."

"Penelitian pengaruh pemberian variasi strain Nostoc CPG24 dan GIA13a yang diinokulasikan pada hari ke-1 dan hari ke-10 terhadap pembibitan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang pada beberapa media tanam telah dilakukan sejak bulan Maret sampai Mei 2015. Berat inokulum total yang diberikan sebesar 0,2g; 0,4g; dan 0,6g pada media tanah kebun steril (TKS), tanah kebun non steril (TKNS), pupuk organik steril (POS), dan pupuk organik non steril (PONS). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, berat basah, dan berat kering tanaman padi pada umur 14 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANAVA, kecuali data berat basah dan berat kering. Berdasarkan uji ANAVA, strain CPG24 dan GIA13a tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang akar tetapi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman padi (P<0,05). Variasi inokulum tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman padi (P<0,05). Media tanam berpengaruh terhadap panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman padi (P<0,05).

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The effect of Inoculation of Nostoc Strains CPG24 and GIA13a at the 1st and 10th day on the Germination of Ciherang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in several media had been examined from March to May 2015. The given total inoculum are 0,2g; 0,4g; and 0,6g to sterilized soil (TKS), nonsterilized soil (TKNS), sterilized organic soil (POS), and nonsterilized organic soil (PONS). Observation is focused to root length, height, fresh and dry weight of 14-day-old plant. Data was analyzed by using ANAVA, with the exception of fresh and dry weight. Based on the ANAVA, CPG24 and GIA13a strain has no effect on root length but has an effect on plant height (P<0,05). Inoculum variation has no effect on root length and height of rice plant (P<0,05). The Media affects the root length and height of rice plant (P<0,05)."

"ABSTRAKKandungan protein yang dimiliki oleh Nostoc berpotensi dijadikan sumber bahan makanan alternatif. Protein tersebut dapat diperoleh secara maksimal apabila strain, medium, metode penghancuran sel, dan metode pengukuran kadar protein yang digunakan tepat. Strain yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah strain CPG8, CPG24, dan GIA13a. Terdapat tiga macam medium yang digunakan, yaitu medium kontrol BG11 N-free, medium A, dan medium B. Ketiga medium tersebut memiliki kandungan Na2CO3 yang bervariasi. Kandungan Na2CO3 dalam medium kontrol adalah 0,02 gr/L, kandungan Na2CO3 dalam medium A adalah 0,04 gr/L, dan tidak terdapat Na2CO3 dalam medium B. Variasi kandungan Na2CO3 tersebut bertujuan untuk mengurangi selubung musilage. Selubung musilage dapat menghalangi proses penghancuran sel oleh sonikator. Akibatnya, jumlah protein yang keluar dari dalam sel tidak maksimal. Filtrat hasil sonikasi diukur kadar proteinnya menggunakan metode Bradford. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein Nostoc strain CPG8, CPG24, dan GIA13a yang ditumbuhkan pada ketiga medium berbeda-beda.

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ABSTRACTProtein content owned by Nostoc potentially is used as alternative food sources. The protein can be maximum obtained if strain, medium, cell destruction method, and protein level measuring method is used appropriately. Strains that being used in the study is CPG8, CPG24, and GIA13a strain. There are three kinds of medium, namely the control medium BG11 N-free, medium treatment A and medium treatment B. Those medium contains vary Na2CO3 level. Na2CO3 level in control medium is 0,02 gr/L, Na2CO3 level in medium treatment A is 0,04 gr/L, and there is no Na2CO3 in medium treatment B. Variation content of Na2CO3 aims to reduce mucilage sheath. Mucilage sheath can hinder the process of cell destruction by sonicator. As a result, the amount of protein out of the cell was not optimal. The filtrate?s protein level from sonication is measured using Bradford method. The results showed that the protein content of CPG8, CPG24, and GIA13a strain that were grown in three medium is vary."

"Untuk memperoleh koleksi kekayaan hayati Nostoc Indonesia dilakukan isolasi mikroflora tanah dari beberapa lahan persawahan di wilayah di Jawa, Bali, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Isolat-isolat yang tumbuh cepat diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler mengunakan sekuen parsial dari gen 16S rRNA. Walaupun hubungan kekerabatan antar isolat belum sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan, pohon filogeni yang dihasilkan dari analisis sekuen mendukung identifikasi secara morfologi bahwa isolat-isolat yang diteliti berbeda jenis. Uji coba 6 strain Nostoc , dalam bentuk inokulum tunggal, sebagai sumber nitrogen untuk padi dilakukan. Sebanyak 2 g biomasa basah dari masing-masing strain Nostoc diinokulasi ke dalam pot-pot yang telah berisi 3 tanaman padi. Percobaan dilakukan di rumah kaca selama 115 hari. Secara statistik (ANOVA;α= 0.05) hanya strain GIA13a yang mempengaruhi panjang akar dan jumlah bulir padi bernas.

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In order to collect Indonesian Nostoc, isolation of soil microflora from several paddy fields in West Java, Bali, and South Celebes was carried out. Fast-growing isolates of Nostoc were selected to describe and perform molecular identification using partial sequences of 16S rRNA. The results showed that partial sequences of 16S rRNA could not resolve the phylogeny of the isolates. However, it supported the morphological studies that recognize isolates as different species of Nostoc. Potential use of Nostoc as a nitrogen source for paddy growth was carried out using six strains as single inoculums. A total biomass of 2 g (fresh weight) for each strain was inoculated, respectively, into the pot planted with three paddy plants. This experiment was conducted in the green house for 115 days. Statistical analyses (ANOVA;α= 0.05) showed that of six strains tested in this study, only strain GIA13a had influence on the augmentation of root length and the total number of filled grains."

"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui interaksi yang terjadi antara strain Nostoc CPG24 dan akar tanaman padi varietas Ciherang yang ditanam menggunakan sistem hidroponik. Rumpun padi usia 14 hari (1 rumpun terdiri atas 3 tanaman padi) diko-kultivasi pada tabung reaksi berisi medium cair BG11 N-free konsentrat 10 x yang diberi aerasi. Pemeliharaan tanaman padi dilakukan dalam ruangan dengan 12 jam siklus terang-gelap selama 14 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas pemberian strain Nostoc CPG24 0,4 g (P1), IAA 15 ppm (K+), strain Nostoc CPG24 0,4 g + IAA 15 ppm (P2), dan kontrol negatif (K-). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada interaksi antara strain Nostoc CPG24 dan akar tanaman padi berupa penempelan strain Nostoc CPG24 pada keseluruhan bagian akar, pembentukan dan pemanjangan akar lateral serta rambut akar.

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The aim of the study was to observe the interaction between Nostoc strain CPG24 and roots of Ciherang rice. A bunch of 14-day-old rice seedlings (3 seedlings were wrapped to make 1 bunch) were co-cultivated on aerated BG11 N-free liquid medium 10x concentrate in the test tube. The plants were grown in the room with a 12 hours light-dark cycle for 14 days. The treatments were applied by giving Nostoc strain CPG24 0,4 g (P1), 15 ppm IAA (K+), Nostoc strain CPG24 0,4 g + 15 ppm IAA (P2). Nor Nostoc and IAA were given in negative control (K-). The result showed an interaction between Nostoc strain CPG24 and roots of rice in form of attachment of Nostoc strain CPG24 on the surface of the roots, also on formation and elongation part of lateral and hair roots."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode freezing (-4oC) terhadap kadar klorofil dan protein pada 13 strain Nostoc koleksi Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Departemen Biologi FMIPA UI. Protektan DMSO 5% digunakan sebagai medium preservasi pada perlakuan, dan pada kontrol digunakan medium cair BG 11 N-free. Pengaruh metode freezing diketahui dengan membandingkan kadar klorofil dan protein pada sebelum dan sesudah preservasi (hari ke-0, hari ke-1, dan hari ke-7).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar klorofil dan protein pada kelompok perlakuan lebih besar daripada kontrol. Tiga dari tiga belas strain (23,08 %) mengalami penurunan kadar klorofil sebesar 7,32% -- 47,02% setelah preservasi, sedangkan lima dari tiga belas strain (38,46%) mengalami penurunan kadar protein sebesar 7,69%--37,5% setelah freezing.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of freezing method (-4oC) on chlorophyll and protein content of 13 Nostoc strains Culture Collection of Plant Taxonomy Laboratory FMIPA UI. The protectan used DMSO 5%, and liquid BG 11 N-free medium was used as control. The effect of freezing was evaluated by comparing the content of chlorophyll and protein of Nostoc before and after preservation (day-0, day-1, and day-7).

The result showed that the control had lower chlorophyll and protein content than the treatment. The chlorophyll content of three strains (23,08%) decreased about 7,32% -- 47,02% after freezing treatment, while the protein content of five strains (38,46%) decreased about7,69% -- 37,5%."

"Penelitian tentang metode freezing (-4° C) dengan menggunakan freezer lemari pendingin untuk preservasi 13 strain Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tumbuh dan respon tumbuh strain Nostoc setelah dipreservasi. Strain Nostoc yang diujikan berumur 15 hari dalam medium BG11 bebas unsur nitrogen (pH 7,2). Preservasi koloni Nostoc menggunakan DMSO 5% selama 1 dan 7 hari. Koloni Nostoc tanpa penambahan DMSO 5% digunakan sebagai kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan dan kontrol dilakukan dalam dua kali ulangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 11 dari 13 strain (84,62%) dapat bertahan dan berhasil tumbuh setelah preservasi. Sebelas strain Nostoc tersebut menunjukkan respon tumbuh yang berbeda-beda. Metode freezing (-4° C) menggunakan freezer lemari pendingin dapat digunakan sebagai metode preservasi strain Nostoc yang sederhana dan mudah.

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The use of freezing method (-4° C) by using freezer refrigerator for preservation thirteen Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 strains had been studied. The purpose of this study was to assess strains ability to grow and grow response after being preserved. Nostoc strains cultured in BG11 N free agar (pH 7,2) for 15 days were used. The preservation used 5% DMSO for 1 and 7 days. Nostoc colonies without presence of 5% DMSO were used as a control. Each test was carried out in duplicate.

The results showed that 11 of 13 strains (84,62%) were able to survive and grow after treatment. 11 Nostoc strains showed different grow response. Freezing method (-4° C) by using freezer refrigerator can be used as a simple and inexpensive preservation method for Nostoc strains."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui laju fiksasi nitrogen strain-strain Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886. Penelitian menggunakan 8 strain Nostoc koleksi Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Departemen Biologi, FMIPA UI. Penelitian menggunakan metode Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) dengan 2 ulangan untuk setiap strain Nostoc. Pengujian dilakukan pada strain yang telah berumur 21 hari. Biomassa berat basah strain Nostoc yang digunakan adalah 0,1 gram. Masing-masing strain diinkubasi selama 30, 60, dan 90 menit dengan menambahkan 1 ml gas asetilen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data yang bervariasi untuk masing-masing strain Nostoc pada masing-masing waktu inkubasi. Sebanyak 6 strain Nostoc menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi 30 menit. Sebanyak 2 strain Nostoc menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen tertinggi pada waktu inkubasi 60 menit. Strain Nostoc BTM6-02 menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen yang paling tinggi yaitu 3892,5 μmol (dicapai pada inkubasi 60 menit). Strain Nostoc CPG24 menunjukkan nilai laju fiksasi nitrogen yang paling rendah, yaitu 292,44 μmol (dicapai pada inkubasi 90 menit).

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The research of nitrogen fixation rate of Nostoc [Vaucher 1803] Bornet et Flahault 1886 have been done. Eight strains of Nostoc from Plant Taxonomy Culture Collection, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, were used. The measurement of nitrogen fixation used Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) method with 2 samples for each strain. Experiments were conducted using strains at 21st day age. Wet weight of each strain was 0.1 gram. Then, each Nostoc strain was incubated with addition of 1 ml acetylene for 30, 60, and 90 minutes.

The experiment result showed a different value for each Nostoc strain in every incubation times. Six Nostoc strains showed the highest value of nitrogen fixation after incubated for 30 minutes. Two Nostoc strains showed the highest value of nitrogen fixation after incubated for 60 minutes. Nitrogen fixation rate of BTM6-02 reached the highest value of 3892.5 μmol after incubated for 60 minutes. Nitrogen fixation rate of CPG24 was the lowest ones (292.44 μmol) after incubated for 90 minutes."

"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya interaksi strain Nostoc GIA13a dengan akar tanama padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas Ciherang melalui sistem penanaman hidroponik. Tanaman padi varietas Ciherang (T14) diko-kultivasi selama 14 hari dalam medium kontrol negatif yang berisi medium BG11 N-free konsentrat 10x, kontrol positif berisi medium yang mengandung IAA 15ppm, perlakuan 1 berisi medium dan strain GIA13a sebanyak 0,4 g, dan perlakuan 2 berisi medium yang mengandung IAA 15 ppm dan strain GIA13a sebanyak 0,4 g.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strain GIA13a mampu melakukan interaksi dengan akar padi berupa penempelan pada zona maturasi akar dan bukan pada zona meristematis akar. Pemberian auksin (IAA) sebesar 15 ppm pada medium mampu menginduksi pemanjangan akar lateral dan rambut akar tanaman padi.

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The aim of present study was to determine the interaction of Nostoc strain GIA13a with roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ciherang varieties by hydroponic system. Cocultivation of paddy (D14) grown for 14 days in negative control containing BG11 Nfree concentrate medium, positive control containing BG11 N-free concentrate plus auxin (IAA) 15 ppm medium, treatment 1 containing BG11 N-free concentrate medium and strain GIA13a as 0,4 g, and treatment 2 containing BG11 N-free concentrate plus auxin (IAA) 15 ppm medium, and strain GIA13a as 0,4 g.

Results show that strain GIA13a able to interact with rice roots to form attachment at maturation zone and not on meristematic zone. Fifteen ppm of auxin (IAA) in medium induce elongation of lateral root and root hairs of rice plant."