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Abstrak :
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency, PETRI NETS 2012, held in Hamburg, Germany, in June 2012. The 18 regular papers and 3 tool papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The book also contains 2 invited talks. All current issues on research and development in the area of Petri nets and related models of concurrent systems are addressed.

Abstrak :
The LNCS journal Transactions on Computational Systems Biology is devoted to inter- and multidisciplinary research in the fields of computer science and life sciences and supports a paradigmatic shift in the techniques from computer and information science to cope with the new challenges arising from the systems oriented point of view of biological phenomena. This, the 14th Transactions on Computational Systems Biology volume, guest edited by Ion Petre and Erik de Vink, focuses on Computational Models for Cell Processes and features a number of carefully selected and enhanced contributions, initially presented at the CompMod workshop, which took place in Aachen, Germany, in September 2011. The papers, written from different points of view and following various approaches, cover a wide range of topics within the field of modeling and analysis of biological systems. In addition, two regular submissions deal with models of self-assembling systems and metabolic constraints on the evolution of genetic codes.

Abstrak :
Maluku Utara adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang masih merupakan wilayah endemis malaria. Halmahera Utara merupakan Kabupaten dengan angka kejadian malaria tinggi. Kejadian malaria di daerah endemis yang dianggap kejadian biasa oleh sebagian besar penduduk, hal tersebut membuat program pemberantasan malaria sulit mencapai keberhasilan karena mata rantai penularan yang tetap ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida dengan kejadian malaria. Desain penelitian potong lintang digunakan pada 1.159 sampel yang dipilih dengan menggunakan kriteria Riskesdas 2013, sedangkan data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil Berdasarkan hasil analisis, hubungan antara penggunaan kelambu dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Halmahera Utara setelah dikontrol oleh Jenis Kelamin , Pendidikan dan pekerjaan tanpa adanya interaksi didapatkan POR 1,05 (95% CI 0,48 – 2,27). Hal ini mengindikasikan program pendistribusian kelambu berinsektisida harus dievaluasi tingkat pemakaiannya sehingga program pemberantasan malaria bisa berjalan dengan baik. ...... North Maluku is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is still a malaria endemic area. North Halmahera is a district with a high incidence of malaria. The incidence of malaria in endemic areas is considered an ordinary event by most of the population, it makes it difficult to achieve malaria eradication program success because of the chain of transmission remains. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the behavior of using insecticidetreated nets to malaria incidence. A cross-sectional study design used in the 1159 sample was selected using criteria of Riskesdas 2013, while the data were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Results Based on the analysis, the association between the use of bed nets to malaria incidence in North Halmahera after controlled by Gender, Education and obtained a job without any interaction has POR 1.05 (95% CI 0.48 to 2.27). This indicates the distribution of insecticide-treated nets program should be evaluated for its use so that malaria eradication programs can be run properly.Malariae, North Maluku, North Halmahera, llin’s, bed nets.

Abstrak :
Tumor neuroendokrin (NET) adalah salah satu jenis tumor ganas yang dapat diobati menggunakan Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT). Metode Sum of Exponential (SOE) adalah sebuah fungsi eksponensial yang menjelaskan farmakokinetik dengan laju peluruhan fisis dan biologis. Data fitting metode SOE dan model Nonlinear Mixed Effect (NLME) membutuhkan computational setting seperti starting value yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keakuratan kurva aktivitas yang dihasilkan pada pengaruh pemilihan starting value pada kasus full time point (FTP) dan single time point (STP) menggunakan metode SOE dan model NLME. Penelitian ini terbatas data biokinetik ginjal pada pasien terdiagnosis NETs dan meningioma menggunakan pengobatan PRRT. Proses pengukuran pre-terapi pada 8 pasien menggunakan radiofarmaka 111In-DOTATATE untuk mengetahui biokinetik pasien dengan aktivitas sekitar 140 ± 14 MBq (jumlah total peptida 75 ± 10 nmol) yang diinjeksi secara intravena. Dua tahap dilakukan dalam penelitian ini fitting pada dosimetri FTP dan STP. Fitting FTP menggunakan data biokinetik ginjal pada 5 time point yang berbeda, sedangkan untuk fitting STP hanya pada time point 4 (T4). Parameter yang diestimasi didapat dari fungsi SOE f(t)=A_1 (Ka Ke)/(Ke-Ka) [e^(-(Ka)t)-e^(-(Ke)t) ] terdiri dari absorption rate (Ka), clearance rate (Ke), dan analytical AUC (A_1). Variasi starting value dilakukan untuk seluruh parameter pada STP dengan variasi starting value (STP(v)). Nilai fixed effect pada FTP merupakan sebuah log transformasi. Starting value merupakan hasil eksponensial dari nilai fixed effect. Variasi starting value diberikan dengan pengali dan pembagi dari 1 hingga 10 pada starting value awal. Total fitting yang dilakukan sebanyak 54873 kali dengan FTP sebanyak 1 kali, STP starting value awal (STP(0)) sebanyak 8 kali, dan STP(v) sebanyak 54864 kali. Area Under the Curves (AUCs) yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi FTP dan STP(0) dievaluasi dengan Relative Deviation (RD). Evaluasi hasil juga dilakukan untuk simulasi STP(v) terhadap FTP. Rata-rata RD STP(0) terhadap FTP untuk organ ginjal sebesar 1.51±0.93%. Sedangkan rata-rata RD STP(v) terhadap FTP untuk organ ginjal sebesar 1.13±1.06%. Kedua evaluasi hasil menunjukkan nilai yang akurat. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan starting value pada fitting STP memberikan pengaruh dan dapat divariasikan dengan threshold parameter Ka (1.67×10^(-3) s.d. 2.79×10^(-5)) h^(-1), parameter Ke (6.29×10^(-2) s.d. 1.05×10^(-3)) h^(-1), dan parameter A_1 (4.00×10^4 s.d. 1.48×10^3) h^(-1). Range data nilai parameter Ka dan Ke sama dan organ ginjal pasien tidak dapat menyerap dan meluruhkan radiofarmaka secara cepat terlihat pada threshold hanya mencapai V5 (×6). ......Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a type of malignant tumor that can be treated using Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT). The Sum of Exponential (SOE) method is an exponential function that describes pharmacokinetics with physical and biological decay rates. Data fitting of the SOE method and the Nonlinear Mixed Effect (NLME) model requires computational settings such as a good starting value. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the resulting activity curve on the effect of selecting the starting value in the full time point (FTP) and single time point (STP) cases using the SOE method and the NLME model. This study has limited data on renal biokinetics in patients diagnosed with NETs and meningioma using PRRT treatment. The pre-therapy measurement process in 8 patients used the 111In-DOTATATE radiopharmaceutical to determine the biokinetics of patients with an activity of around 140 ± 14 MBq (total peptide amount of 75 ± 10 nmol) which was injected intravenously. Two stages were carried out in this study fitting the FTP and STP dosimetry. The FTP fitting uses kidney biokinetic data at 5 different time points, while the STP fitting uses only at time point 4 (T4). The estimated parameter obtained from the SOE function f(t)=A_1 (Ka Ke)/(Ke-Ka) [e^(-(Ka)t)-e^(-(Ke)t) ] consists of absorption rate (Ka), clearance rate (Ke), and analytical AUC (A_1). Variation of the starting value is carried out for all parameters at STP with a variation of the starting value (STP(v)). The fixed effect value on FTP is a transformation log. The starting value is the exponential result of the fixed effect value. The variation of the starting value is given with a multiplier and divisor from 1 to 10 at the initial starting value. Total fittings were performed 54873 times with FTP 1 time, STP initial starting value (STP(0)) 8 times, and STP(v) 54864 times. Area Under the Curves (AUCs) obtained from FTP and STP(0) simulation results were evaluated with Relative Deviation (RD). Results evaluation was also carried out for STP(v) simulation against FTP. The mean RD STP(0) to FTP for kidney organs was 1.51±0.93%. Meanwhile, the mean RD STP(v) to FTP for kidney organs was 1.13 ± 1.06%. Both outcome evaluations showed accurate values. The conclusion of this study shows that the starting value of the STP fitting has an influence and can be varied with the threshold parameter Ka (1.67×10^(-3) to 2.79×10^(-5)) h^(-1), parameter Ke (6.29×10^(-2) to 1.05×10^(-3)) h^(-1), and parameter A_1 (4.00×10^4 to 1.48×10^3) h^(-1). The data range of Ka and Ke parameter values is the same and the patient's kidney cannot absorb and clearance radiopharmaceuticals quickly, it can be seen that the threshold only reaches V5 (×6).

Abstrak :
These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: - Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences - Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series) - Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC - Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors The fifth volume of ToPNoC contains revised versions of selected papers from workshops and tutorials held in conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, as well as a contributed paper selected through the regular submission track of ToPNoC. The 12 papers cover a diverse range of topics including model checking and system verification, synthesis, foundational work on specific classes of Petri nets, and innovative applications of Petri nets and other models of concurrency.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Upaya yang efektif dalam mencegah malaria pada ibu hamil dengan menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku ibu hamil dalam penggunaan kelambu berinsektisida dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungannya di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Disain penelitian potong lintang digunakan pada 256 sampel yang dipilih dengan metode klaster dua tahap dan PPS, sedangkan data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku responden yang menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida sebesar 79,3%. Dukungan suami merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan perilaku penggunaan kelambu, responden yang cukup didukung suami berpeluang menggunakan kelambu berinsektisida 8 kali dibandingkan responden yang kurang didukung suami setelah dikontrol oleh pengetahuan, sikap dan keterpaparan penyuluhan (OR 8,34 95% CI 3,61 – 19,23).

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ABSTRAK
Using the insecticide nets is the most effective method to prevent malaria for pregnant women. This study is aimed at analyzing pregnant women’s behavior in using the Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and its determinants. Applying cross sectional design, 256 respondents taken as sample in South Bangka Regency, Indonesia. Sample were selected through 2 stages cluster and probability proportionate to size (PPS). Data collected by interviewing using pretested questionnaire, were then analyzed to meet the study objectives. This study founded 79,3% of the respondents used ITNs. Further analysing by using multiple logistic regression, pregnant women’s husband support is proven the most dominant variable toward the use of ITNs among pregnant women, respondents who had enough husband’s support has a chance to use ITNs 8 times than the respondents who less support, after controlled by knowledge, attitudes and exposure to midwive’s counseling

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Sepsis merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Untuk optimalisasi tatalaksana sepsis diperlukan penanda yang dapat memprediksi kejadian sepsis, derajat keparahan dan luaran sepsis klinis. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui kadar plasma Cit H3 sepsis klinis pada anak dan menganalisa hubungannya terhadap derajat keparahan penyakit dan prognostik survivalnya. Metode penelitian: Penelitian observasional pendekatan kohort prospektif dilakukan pada anak usia satu bulan sampai 18 tahun dengan diagnosis sepsis klinis sejak Pebruari - Mei 2018 di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Penilaian skor PELOD-2, pSOFA dan Cit H3 dilakukan saat diagnosis ditegakkan dan 48 jam kemudian. Mortalitas dipantau selama tujuh hari. Hasil: Diperoleh 67 anak memenuhi kriteria dengan median kadar plasma Cit H3 1.210 800-32.160 ng/mL. Berdasarkan sepsis-3, kadar plasma Cit H3 pasien sepsis lebih tinggi dibandingkan curiga sepsis. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas kadar plasma Cit H3 ge; 1.200 ng/mL sebagai penanda kejadian sepsis adalah 83,3 dan 75,7. Perubahan kadar plasma Cit H3 dalam 48 jam berhubungan dengan progresifitas sepsis klinis. Citrullinated histone H3 berkorelasi dengan skor PELOD-2 r=0,338;P

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Background: Sepsis is a life threatening organ dysfunction causing high morbidity and mortality in children thus, a highly predictive septic marker to forecast its severity and predict mortality is needed. Aim: To determine plasma Cit H3 levels in clinically sepsis children and analyze its correlation with disease severity and survival rate. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in one month ndash 18 years old children with diagnosed clinically sepsis during February ndash April 2018 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Evaluation of PELOD 2, pSOFA score, and Cit H3 were done when diagnosis initially made and 48 hours after. Patient rsquo s survival was observed for 7 days. Results: Sixty seven children with clinically sepsis had median plasma Cit H3 level 1,210 800 ndash 32,160 ng mL. The plasma Cit H3 level in patients who diagnosed with sepsis sepsis 3 was higher than suspected sepsis. As marker sepsis event, plasma Cit H3 level with cut off point ge 1,200 ng mL has sensitivity 83,3 and specificity 75.5. Changes in plasma Cit H3 level in the first 48 hours was significantly correlated with changes in clinical outcome. Plasma Cit H3 level also correlated with PELOD 2 and pSOFA score. Using survival analysis, plasma Cit H3 level ge 1,200 ng mL significantly increased mortality rate. Conclusion: Plasma Cit H3 level correlates with severity and survival rate of clinically diagnosed sepsis.

Abstrak :
Green supply chain (GSCM) adalah pendekatan yang muncul dalam manajemen rantai pasokan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari proses yang berkaitan dengan aliran barang dan material. Hal ini dianggap sebagai sistem kejadian diskrit. Salah satu alat yang memungkinkan untuk memodelkan sistem kejadian diskrit adalah jaring Petri. Sebuah model Colored Petri Net (CPN) dari model GSCM tersebut dikembangkan, alasan untuk menggunakan CPN daripada Petri nets biasa adalah karena memungkinkan pelekatan data (atau warna). Tesis ini mengembangkan model CPN untuk jaringan GSCM, dan memverifikasinya dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian lain sebagai studi kasus untuk membandingkan hasil simulasi rantai pasok ke depan. Setelah model tersebut terbukti serupa, dan oleh karena itu dapat mewakili rantai pasok yang sebenarnya. Model CPN diperluas menjadi CPN jaringan GSCM dengan menggunakan data yang sama dengan studi kasus. Hasil dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa menerapkan reverse logistic dalam jaringan rantai pasok untuk menjadikannya sebagai jaringan GSCM adalah hal yang memungkinkan dan berpotensi menguntungkan perusahaan. ......Green supply chain is an emerging approach in supply chain management to reduce environmental impact of the process concerning the flow of goods and material. It is considered as a discrete-event system. One possible tool to model discrete-event systems is Petri nets. A Colored Petri Net (CPN) model of the said green supply chain model is developed, the reason to use a CPN rather than ordinary Petri nets is because it allows the attachment of data (or color). This thesis developed a CPN model for a GSCM network, and verify it by using a secondary data from another research as a case study to compare the results of the forward supply chain simulations. After the model is proven to be similar, and therefore representative of the real supply chain. The CPN model are expanded to be a GSCM network CPN using the same data as the case study. The results of the simulation indicated that implementing reverse logistic in a supply chain network to make it a GSCM network is possible and potentially beneficial to the company.

Abstrak :
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) merupakan tumor yang berasal dari sel-sel neuroendokrin dan dapat diobati menggunakan Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT). PRRT memiliki tujuan untuk memastikan aktivitas radiofarmaka yang tinggi pada sel tumor dan rendah pada organ at risk. Model Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) sangat baik untuk analisis, simulasi, dan prediksi biodistribusi dari radiofarmaka yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fitting Nonlinear Mixed Effect (NLME) pada parameter PBPK dari pasien PRRT. Pilihan starting value yang tepat membantu mengurangi risiko menemukan local minimum berdasarkan estimasi Objective Function (OF) sehingga diperoleh fitting yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh starting value terhadap tingkat akurasi Single Timepoint Dosimetry pada late timepoint menggunakan model PBPK dan metode NLME. Penelitian ini terbatas pada pasien terdiagnosis NETs dan meningioma menggunakan pengobatan PRRT. Proses pengukuran pre-terapi pada 8 pasien menggunakan radiofarmaka 111In- DOTATATE untuk mengetahui biokinetik pasien dengan aktivitas sekitar 140 ± 14 MBq (jumlah total peptida 75 ± 10 nmol) yang diinjeksi secara intravena. Parameter yang diestimasi terdiri dari densitas reseptor organ (Ri), release rate normal tissue (λNT,release), perfusi tumor (fTU), dan linear binding rate dari protein serum (KonAlb). Dua teknik dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, Full Timepoint Dosimetry (FTD) dan Single Timepoint Dosimetry (STD). FTD dilakukan menggunakan 5 timepoint yang berbeda, sedangkan untuk STD dilakukan pada 2 timepoint terakhir yaitu, timepoint 4 (T4) dan timepoint 5 (T5). Perubahan starting value hanya diberikan untuk parameter reseptor densitas ginjal (RK) dan perfusi tumor (ftu) pada STD yang divariasikan (STD(V,T)). Variasi starting value yang diberikan adalah 100 (V1), 10 (V2), 5 (V3), 2 (V4), 1/2 (V5), 1/5 (V6), 1/10 (V7), dan 1/100 (V8) kali dari nilai awal. Total fitting dilakukan sebanyak 145 kali dengan FTD berjumlah 1 kali, STD awal 16 kali. Time-Integrated Activity Coefficients (TIACs) yang diperoleh dari hasil simulasi FTD dan STD(0,T) akan ditinjau dengan Relative Deviation (RD). RD juga dilakukan untuk simulasi STD(V,T) terhadap STD(0,T). RD dikatakan baik apabila hasil yang diperoleh <10%. Rata-rata RD STD(0,T4) terhadap FTD memiliki nilai untuk organ ginjal (5±7)%, organ limfa (7±9)%, organ hati (-4±6)%, tumor (8±8)%, dan seluruh tubuh (11±13)%. Rata-rata RD STD(0,T5) terhadap FTD memiliki nilai untuk organ ginjal (-2±7)%, organ limfa (6±11)%, organ hati (-9±8)%, tumor (7±22)%, dan seluruh tubuh (3±8)%. Variasi V2, V3, V4, V5, dan V6 pada STD untuk T4 dan T5 memiliki RD <10%. Rentang variasi starting value untuk parameter densitas reseptor ginjal (RK) 5.57 x 105 nmol.L-1 - 2.79 x 107 nmol.L-1 dan untuk paramter perfusi tumor (ftu) adalah 8.67 x 10-3 mL.min-1.g-1 - 4.53 x 10-1 mL.min-1.g-1. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa STD yang divariasikan memiliki threshold 10 sd. 1/5 kali nilai awal. ......Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and can be treated using Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT). PRRT aims to ensure high radiopharmaceutical activity in tumor cells and low in organ at risk. The Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model is excellent for analysis, simulation, and prediction of the biodistribution of a given radiopharmaceutical. This study uses the Nonlinear Mixed Effect (NLME) fitting method on the PBPK parameters of the patient's PRRT. Choosing the right starting value helps reduce the risk of finding the minimum locale based on the estimated Objective Function (OF) so that a good fit is obtained. This study aims to analyze the effect of starting values on the accuracy of Single Timepoint Dosimetry at late time points using the PBPK model and the NLME method. This study was limited to patients diagnosed with NETs and meningiomas using PRRT treatment. The process of pre-therapy measurement in 8 patients using radiopharmaceutical 111In- DOTATATE to determine the biokinetics of patients with an activity of about 140 ± 14 MBq (total amount of peptide 75 ± 10 nmol) which was injected intravenously. The estimated parameters consisted of organ receptor density (Ri), normal tissue release rate (λNT,release), tumor perfusion (ftu), and linear binding rate of serum protein (KonAlb). Two techniques were used in this study, namely, Full Timepoint Dosimetry (FTD) and Single Timepoint Dosimetry (STD). FTD is performed using 5 different timepoints, while for STD it is carried out at the last 2 timepoints, namely, timepoint 4 (T4) and timepoint 5 (T5). Changes in the starting values were only given for the parameters of kidney density receptor (RK) and tumor perfusion (ftu) in the STD varied (STD(V,T)). The initial value variations given are 100 (V1), 10 (V2), 5 (V3), 2 (V4), 1/2 (V5), 1/5 (V6), 1/10 (V7), and 1/ 100 (V8) times the starting value. A total of 145 fittings were performed with FTD opened once, initial STD 16 times (STD(0,T)), and STD varied (STD(V,T)) 128 times. Time- Integrated Activity Coefficients (TIACs) obtained from FTD and STD(0,T) simulation results will be reviewed with Relative Deviation (RD). RD was also performed to simulate STD(V,T) against STD(0,T). RD is said to be good if the results obtained are <10%. The mean RD STD(0,T4) against FTD had values for kidney (5±7)%, lymph (7±9)%, liver (-4±6)%, tumor (8±8)% , and whole body (11±13)%. The mean RD STD(0,T5) against FTD had values for kidney (-2±7)%, lymph (6±11)%, liver (-9±8)%, tumors (7±22) %, and whole body (3±8)%. Variations V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 on STD for T4 and T5 had RD <10%. The range of variation of the starting value for the kidney receptor density (RK) parameter is 5.57 x 105 nmol.L-1 - 2.79 x 107 nmol.L-1 and for the tumor perfusion parameter (ftu) is 8.67 x 10-3 mL.min-1. g-1 - 4.53 x 10-1 mL.min-1.g-1. The results of this study indicate that the STD which is varied has a threshold of 10 sd. 1/5 times the initial value.