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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Neuropati perifer merupakan manifestasi ekstraartikular pada Artritis Reumatoid AR yang sudah lama diketahui dan ditemukan pada sekitar 50-57,4 pasien AR dengan patogenesis yang belum jelas hingga saat ini. Nerve Growth Factor NGF, yang dilaporkan berhubungan dengan kejadian neuropati perifer pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus ditemukan dengan kadar yang lebih tinggi pada pasien AR dibandingkan orang normal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara kadar NGF dengan kejadian neuropati perifer pada pasien AR. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui rata-rata kadar NGF darah dan ada tidaknya hubungan antara kadar NGF dengan kejadian Neuropati Perifer pada pasien AR. Metode : Penelitian potong lintang dengan metode consecutive sampling pada pasien AR rawat jalan di poli reumatologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dilakukan dalam kurun waktu Juli 2015-Maret 2016. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dan fisiologi yang dilakukan adalah NGF dan Elektromiografi-Kecepatan Hantar Saraf EMG-KHS. Subjek kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya neuropati perifer. Analisis bivariat kemudian dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara NGF dengan neuropati perifer diantara 2 kelompok. Data sekunder berupa usia, jenis kelamin, Laju Endap darah LED, C-Reactive Protein CRP, Disease Activity Score DAS 28 LED dan DAS 28 CRP didapat dari rekam medis sebagai data karakteristik dasar pasien. Hasil : Sebanyak 132 pasien diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini dan didapatkan neuropati perifer sebanyak 45,5 60 orang selama Juli 2015-Maret 2016. Median kadar NGF pada pasien AR adalah 4,11 pg/mL 0,0-24,5 pg/mL. Median NGF pasien AR dengan neuropati perifer adalah 4,11 pg/mL 1,1-20,83 pg/mL, sementara median NGF pada pasien AR tanpa neuropati adalah 3,89 pg/mL 0,0-24,5 pg/mL. Jenis neuropati yang ditemukan pada pasien AR adalah polineuropati 29 subyek/21,97, mononeuropati multipleks 20 subyek/15,15 dan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 15 subyek/11,36. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan antara kadar NGF serum dengan kejadian neuropati perifer pada pasien AR p=0,716. Simpulan : Kadar NGF serum pasien AR didapatkan median sebesar 4 pg/mL dengan median NGF serum pada kelompok neuropati perifer 4,11 pg/mL dan kelompok tanpa neuropati 3,89 pg/mL. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara NGF serum dengan kejadian neuropati perifer pasien AR. ...... Background : Peripheral neuropathy is an extra articular manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis RA, which has been known and is found in approximately 50 to 57.4 of patients with RA with an unclear pathogenesis until now. In DM type 2 patients, Nerve Growth Factor NGF is associated with peripheral neuropathy. NGF level is also reported to be higher among RA patients than that of among healthy subjects. The correlation between NGF level and peripheral neuropathy among RA has not been concluded yet. Aim : To find out the mean levels of NGF blood serum and the relationship between the NGF serum levels and Peripheral Neuropathy among patients with RA. Methods : A cross sectional study using consecutive sampling method including patient of rheumatology clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital was performed between July 2015 to March 2016. The laboratory and physiology measurement incude NGF level and Electromyography Nerve Conduction Velocities EMG NCV were examined to the subjects. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy PN PN positive and PN negative. Bivariate analysis were done to investigate the relationship between NGF and PN among groups. Secondary data such as age, sex, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ESR, CRP, Disease Activity Score DAS 28 ESR and CRP obtained from their medical record as a basic characteristic data of patients. Results : Among 132 subjects, PN was found in 60 subjects 45,5. The median level of NGF in RA patients was 4.11 pg mL 0.0 to 24.5 pg mL. The median NGF level of RA patients with peripheral neuropathy was 4.11 pg mL 1.1 to 20.83 pg mL, while the median of NGF level in RA patients without neuropathy was 3.89 pg mL 0.0 to 24.5 pg mL. Types of neuropathy among patients with AR were polyneuropathy 29 subjects 21.97, mononeuropathy multiplex 20 subjects 15.15 and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 15 subjects 11.36. In this study we found no association between NGF serum level and peripheral neuropathy among patients with RA p 0.716. Conclusion : The median of NGF serum level among RA patients was 4 pg mL. The median of NGF serum level among peripheral neuropathy group was 4.11 pg mL while the median of NGF level in RA patients without neuropathy was 3.89 pg mL. There was no relationship between NGF serum level and peripheral neuropathy among patients with RA.

Abstrak :
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) diketahui memiliki konsentrasi yang cenderung lebih tinggi pada wanita endometriosis dibandingkan dengan wanita tanpa endometriosis. Metilasi DNA pada daerah promotor NGF diyakini sebagai salah satu penyebab meningkatnya konsentrasi NGF pada wanita endometriosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara metilasi DNA dengan ekspresi mRNA NGF pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis. Sebanyak 10 sampel darah menstruasi dari masing-masing wanita endometriosis dan wanita tanpa endometriosis digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tingkat metilasi DNA NGF dihitung menggunakan Methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP-PCR), kemudian intensitas pita yang muncul diukur menggunakan software ImageJ. Nilai ekspresi mRNA NGF dihitung menggunakan Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT PCR). Analisis korelasi, selanjutnya, dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat metilasi DNA NGF memiliki tendensi yang rendah pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis sebesar 35,27%. Ekspresi relatif mRNA NGF menunjukkan tendensi peningkatan 19,229 lebih tinggi pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis. Tingkat metilasi DNA dan ekspresi mRNA NGF tidak menunjukkan perbedaan baik pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis maupun wanita tanpa endometriosis dengan nilai p > 0,05. Korelasi metilasi DNA dengan ekspresi mRNA NGF pada darah menstruasi wanita endometriosis tidak dapat dianalisis karena data yang tersedia sangat terbatas.

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Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is known to have higher concentrations in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. DNA methylation in the NGF promoter region is believed to cause the increase of NGF concentrations in women with endometriosis. This study is conducted to determine the correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression of NGF in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis. A total of 10 menstrual blood samples from women with endometriosis and women without endometriosis were used in this study. DNA methylation level of NGF was measured using Methylation-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP-PCR) and the intensity of the bands were subsequently measured using ImageJ software, while mRNA expression values of NGF ​​were measured using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT PCR). Furthermore, the correlation analysis was performed using the SPSS application. The results exhibited that the methylation level of NGF shows a low tendency in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis of 35.27%. The relative mRNA expression of NGF showed a tendency to increase 19,229-fold higher in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis. The DNA methylation level and mRNA expression of NGF showed no difference in both menstrual blood of women with endometriosis and women without endometriosis with p value > 0,05. The correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression of NGF in menstrual blood of women with endometriosis could not be analyzed because of very limited data.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Aktivitas penyakit Artritis Reumatoid (AR) merupakan ekspresi dari kaskade inflamasi. Inflamasi jaringan sinovium yang disertai pembentukan pannus memerlukan asupan nutrisi dan oksigen melalui angiogenesis. Peningkatan penanda angiogenik menunjukkan inflamasi sendi yang progresif dan peningkatan aktivitas penyakit. Salah satu faktor pertumbuhan yang memiliki peran pada angiogenesis adalah nerve growth factor (NGF). Beberapa penelitian terdahulu mendapatkan kadar NGF yang meningkat baik pada serum maupun pada cairan sinovium pasien AR. Nerve growth factor (NGF) dapat menginduksi faktor-faktor pro-angiogenik dan faktor pertumbuhan lain yang berperan pada AR. Saat ini belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan kadar serum NGF terhadap aktivitas penyakit AR. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit (yang dinilai dengan DAS28 LED dan DAS28 CRP) pada pasien AR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang yang mengevaluasi kadar NGF menggunakan two site immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) pada 50 pasien (47 orang perempuan dan 3 orang laki-laki) AR di poliklinik Reumatologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Oktober sampai Desember 2015. Aktivitas penyakit AR pada penelitian ini dinilai menggunakan skor DAS28 LED dan DAS28 CRP melalui kalkulator yang diakses dari internet pada http://www.das-score.nl/. Analisis statistik bivariat digunakan untuk mendapatkan korelasi antara NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit AR. Hasil: Rerata usia subjek penelitian ini adalah 43,44 tahun. Median kadar serum NGF adalah 4,33 pg/mL (2,35-20,83). Hasil analisis memperlihatkan korelasi antara kadar serum NGF dengan skor DAS28 LED (r = +0,427; p = 0,002) dan DAS28 CRP (r =+0.407; p = 0,003). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif sedang antara kadar serum NGF dengan aktivitas penyakit AR. ...... Background: Disease activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an expression of the inflammatory cascade. Disease activity of a given joint is correlated with the synovial vascularization. Synovial tissue inflammation accompanied by pannus formation requires intake of nutrients and oxygen through angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays an integral part of the development of the pannus formation. Increased angiogenic markers shows a progressive increase of joint inflammation and disease activity. One of the contributing factors to angiogenesis is the nerve growth factor (NGF). Several previous studies show increased NGF concentrations in both the serum and synovial fluid of RA. Nerve growth factor can induce pro-angiogenic factors and other growth factors contribute in RA. Currently, there has not been any studies yet that correlates the NGF serum concentration with RA disease activity. Objective: To determine the correlation between the serum concentration of NGF and disease activity of RA patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (using DAS28 ESR and DAS28 CRP score). Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. Recruited were 50 RA patients (47 women and 3 men) of outpatient clinic of Rheumatology at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from October to December 2015. Concentrations of NGF were evaluated with a two site immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Disease activity in this study was assessed using DAS28 ESR and DAS28 CRP score using a calculator accessible from the internet on http://www.das-score.nl/. The correlation between NGF with disease activity was analyzed by bivariate analysis. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 43.44 years. Median serum NGF was 4.33 pg / mL (2.35 to 20.83). The results shows correlation between serum NGF with DAS28 ESR (r = +0.427; p = 0.002) and DAS28 CRP (r = + 0407; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Significant positive correlation between serum concentration of NGF with diesease activity in patient with AR was found.