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Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
Nama : Irma Gusmi Ratih
Program Studi : Epidemiologi
Judul : Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Imunisasi Measles Rubella
(MR) Dengan Status Imunisasi MR Pada Anak Usia 9 – 59 Bulan Saat
Kampanye Imunisasi MR Di Provinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta, Dan Jawa
Barat Tahun 2017
Pembimbing : Dr. dr. Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, M.Sc
Latar Belakang. Kampanye Imunisasi MR Tahun 2017 di Pulau Jawa berakhir dengan
hasil belum optimalnya cakupan imunisasi MR, dimana cakupan imunisasi MR di
Provinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat lebih rendah dibandingkan 3 provinsi
yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan
status imunisasi MR pada anak usia 9-59 bulan saat Kampanye Imunisasi MR. Metode.
Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan desain studi cross sectional.
Sebanyak 3.099 responden yaitu ibu dari anak berusia 9-59 bulan di 3 provinsi yaitu
Provinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat menjadi populasi studi. Hasil. Analisis
multivariat dengan regresi logistik didapatkan POR hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang
penyakit campak dengan status imunisasi MR sebesar 1,345 (95% CI 1,098 – 1,647)
setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pengetahuan ibu tentang penyakit rubella; POR
hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang penyakit rubella dengan status imunisasi MR
sebesar 2,578 (95% CI 1,495 – 4,446) dengan berinteraksi dengan variabel kepercayaan
dan dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi; POR hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang
imunisasi dengan status imunisasi MR sebesar 2,190 (95% CI 1,167 – 4,111) dengan
berinteraksi dengan variabel pendidikan ibu, dan sebesar 0,420 (95% CI 0,226 – 0,780)
dengan berinteraksi dengan variabel dukungan masyarakat, dan dikontrol oleh variabel
akses informasi, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, dan tempat pelayanan imunisasi.
Kesimpulan. Pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi MR yang meliputi pengetahuan
tentang penyakit campak, penyakit rubella, maupun pengetahuan tentang imunisasi itu
sendiri sangat berdampak dalam upaya meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi.
Kata Kunci: Kampanye MR, Pengetahuan Ibu

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ABSTRACT
Name : Irma Gusmi Ratih
Study Program : Epidemiology
Title : Relationship Between Mother's Knowledge About Measles
Rubella Immunization (MR) With MR Immunization Status in
Children Aged 9-59 Months in MR Campaign at Banten, DKI
Jakarta, and West Java Province at 2017
Counsellor : Dr. dr. Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono, M.Sc
Background. MR Campaign at 2017 in Java Island ends with the results of not yet
optimalized MR immunization coverage, which MR immunization coverage in Banten,
DKI Jakarta and West Java Provinces is lower than 3 other provinces. This study aims
to determine the relationship of knowledge of mothers with MR immunization status in
children aged 9-59 months during the MR Campaign. Method. This study uses
secondary data with a cross sectional study design. A total of 3,099 respondents which
were mothers from children aged 9-59 months in 3 provinces becoming the study
population. Results. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression found the POR
relationship between mother’s knowledge of measles with MR immunization status of
1,345 (95% CI 1,098 - 1,647) after being controlled by knowledge of mothers about
rubella disease; POR relationship between mother's knowledge about rubella with MR
immunization status of 2,578 (95% CI 1,495 - 4,446) by interacting with believ and
controlled by the information access; POR relationship between maternal knowledge
about immunization and MR immunization status of 2.190 (95% CI 1.167 - 4.111) by
interacting with mother’s education, and by 0.420 (95% CI 0.226 - 0.780) by interacting
with community support, and controlled by information access, support from health
workers, and immunization service place. Conclusion. The mother's knowledge about
MR immunization, which includes knowledge of measles, rubella disease, and
knowledge about immunization itself is very influential in efforts to increase
immunization coverage.
Keywords: MR Campaign, Mother’s Knowledge

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data empiris tentang pola makan dan hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan pola makan anak autis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga sekolah khusus gangguan perkembangan anak di wilayah Jakarta Selatan, yaitu: (1) Sekolah Dasar Khusus “Pantara”, (2) Sekolah Khusus ”Permata Hati”, dan (3) Sekolah Khusus Terpadu ”Mandiga”, pada April-Mei 2005. Sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak autis usia sekolah, yaitu 7–13 tahun. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 30 orang yang dipilih secara acak. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan persamaan regresi diperoleh Ŷ = 50,50 + 1,29X. Hubungan antara kedua varibel dinyatakan oleh koefisien korelasi rxy= 0,57. Uji keberartian korelasi terlihat bahwa thitung = 3,65 lebih besar dari ttabel= 1,70 yang berarti koefisien korelasi 0,57 adalah berarti. Koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh (rxy)² = 0,32, hal ini berarti bahwa 32,19% pola makan anak autis ditentukan oleh pengetahuan gizi ibu.

Relationship between Maternal Nutrition Knowledge with Diet Autistic Child. This research aims to get empirical data on eating pattern and the relation between mother knowledge of nutrition with autis child food consumption. This research was executed in three special schools of child growth trouble, that is: (1) Special Elemantary School of Pantara (2) Special School of Permata Hati and (3) Special School of Mandiga all are un South Jakarta, in April–May 2005. This research sample done at housewife having child of school age autis, that is 7-13 years. Sample that is accurate 30 persons who selected at random in this case. Sampling technique applied is technique purposive sampling. Hypothesis test conducted by using equation of Y regresi = 50.50 + 1.29X. Equation show result which are positive between accurate variable. Correlation coefficient (rxy) between mother knowledge of nutrition with autis child consumption is equal to 0.57, later then got determinasi coefficient by correlation square (rxy)2 obtained by value 32.19%. Calculatioan of coefficient determinasi above indicating that autis child food consumptioan determined by mother knowledge on nutrition equal to 32.19%.

Abstrak :
Diare merupakan penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia. Kejadian diare pada balita dapat dicegah dengan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan diare terhadap kemampuan ibu merawat area perineal anak balita. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pre test and post test control group. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dari 44 responden di RSUD Budhi Asih Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan diare terhadap kemampuan ibu pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan kelompok intervensi (p < 0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Ada hubungan bermakna antara karakteristik pendidikan dan pengetahuan responden merawat anak diare. Disarankan pendidikan kesehatan dilakukan terus menerus dan terstruktur untuk meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga merawat anak balita diare. ...... Diarrhea is the first cause of mortality among children in Indonesia. In fact, the incidence of diarrhea can be prevented by providing health education. The purpose of this research was to identify the impact of health education about diarrhea on mother’s ability caring for child’s perineal area. This research used quasi experimental design with pretest and post-test control group. Total sample was 44 respondents in District Hospital Budi Asih Jakarta and the data was collected with consecutive sampling technique. The results found that health education showed more influence on mother’s knowledge, attitude, and skill among intervention group than those of control group (p value < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between mother’s level of education and knowledge with mother’s ability caring for children experiencing diarrhea. It is suggested to provide more structured health education and simultaneously to improve the ability of family caring for diarrhea among their children.

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Kehamilan tidak diinginkan masih merupakan masalah di Indonesia. Kehamilan tidak diinginkan ini dapat mengakibatkan tindakan aborsi, dan kelahiran yang tidak diinginkan. Dari berbagai penelitian terdahulu, terdapat banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan, salah satunya adalah rendahnya pengetahuan ibu tentang masa subur wanita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang masa subur wanita dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan, serta faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap hubungan tersebut. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini desain yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional, dengan menggunakan data sekunder Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 1997. Sampel adalah semua ibu yang beusia 15 - 49 tahun, berstatus kawin, sedang hamil, dan tidak sedang menggunakan alat/cara kontrasepsi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 12,1 % kehamilan tidak diinginkan, 77,5 % tidak tahu kapan datangnya siklus masa subur wanita, 66,2 % tinggal didaerah pedesaan, 42 % bekerja, 58,7 % berpendidikan SD kebawah, 21,1 % mempunyai anak lebih dari 3 orang, 73,2 % menikah pertama kali pada usia kurang 20 tahun, 70,8 % tidak pernah terpapar dengan petugas KB, dan 61,2 % tidak pernah terpapar dengan bidan. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu tentang sikus masa subur wanita dengan kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan (p=4,050). Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang siklus masa subur wanita dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan tetap bermakna setelah dikontrol dengan variabel lain (p= 0,007; OR = 0,505; 95%CI= 0,308 - 0,828). ......Correlation between Mother's Knowledge about Time of Ovulation Cycle with Unwanted Pregnancy (Data Analysis of SDKI, 1997)Unwanted pregnancy, which have problem in Indonesia. This is could be actions abortion, and unwanted birth, that have negative impact to women's health. Before the research's, could be some risk factor's with correlation unwanted pregnancy, one related factor to this issue is mother's knowledge about women's time of ovulation cycle. The objective research is to find out the relationship between mothers knowledge about women's time of ovulation cycle with unwanted pregnancy, and another factors with contribution to this correlation. This research using design cross-sectional study, with using secondary data of Demography and Health Indonesia Survey at 1997. The sample are women 15-49 years old, married, pregnant, and not using contraceptive. The results this research showed there is 12, 1 % unwanted pregnancy, 77,5 % don't know where the period of women's time of ovulation cycle came, 66,2 % living in rural area, 42 % working, 58,7 % educated below primary school, 21,1 % have more than 3 children, 73,2 % get age of first time married below 20 year old, 70,8 % not exposed to Family Planning officer, and 61,2 % not exposed to midwife. Bivariate analysis showed there is a significant relationship between mother's knowledge about women fertility cycle with unwanted pregnancy (p= 0,05). Multivariate analysis this relationship is so significant (p= 0,038; OR= 0,62; 95%CI 0,39 -0,97), after controlled by another variable, this relationship is still significant (p = 0,007; OR = 0,505; 95%CI = 0,308 - 0,828).

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Menurut data Healthy Asean, 2000 angka kematian ibu di Indonesia 390/100.000 kelahiran hidup dan masih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan negara-negara Asean lain dan lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan kamboja sebesar 900/100.000 kelahiran hidup serta Laos sebesar 650/100.000 kelahiran hidup. Wiknyosastro et.al, 1999 mengatakan bahwa kematian ibu maternal dapat disebabkan fakor-faktor reproduksi, komplikasi abstertik, pelayanan kesehatan dan sosioekonomi. Dari penelitianWidiarsa, 2002 di Bali bahwa 60 % kematian ibu disebabkan out come (hamil dan komplikasi) dimana aspek perilaku kesehatan seperti keterlambatan ANC pertama kali dan frekwensi pemeriksaan kehamilan kurang dari 4 kali serta pemilihan tempat bersalin dapat meningkatkan resiko kematian. Menurut Green pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan termasuk pemeriksaan kehamilan dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposing, enabling dan reinforcing dimana pada penelitian ini faktor predisposing saja yang diteliti berupa pengetahuan dan sikap serta karakteristik ibu seperti pendidikan, pekerjaan, umur dan paritas. Dari data profil Kabupaten Serang tahun 2000 dijumpai bahwa pemeriksaan kehamilan pertama kali (K1) sebesar 83,42 % sedangkan pemeriksaan kehamilan lengkap (K4) sebesar 51,59 %. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian diskriptif dengan desain "crosssectional study" (studi potong lintang). Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seperangkat kuesioner. Sebagai populasi di dalam penelitian adalah ibu balita yang terdiri dari masing-masing 3 Kecamatan (3 wilayah kerja Puskesmas) yang terletak disebelah utara dan selatan serta 1 kecamatan kota Serang (3 wilayah kerja Puskesmas). Pada penetuan Kelurahan / desa, dusun serta sampel dilakukan secara Purposive. Pengumpulan data sebanyak 110 responden dilakukan peneliti dan dibantu Bidan dengan hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : 52,7 % responden memeriksa kehamilan lengkap, 58,2 % berpengetahuan baik dan 63,6 % rnempunyai sikap positif. Sedangkan hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square terhadap variabel independen dan confounding yaitu : pengetahuan, sikap, pendidikan, pekerjaan ibu, umur ibu dan paritas ternyata yang berhubungan bermakna dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan adalah pengetahuan, sikap dan pendidikan. Dari hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dan pendidikan. Sedangkan untuk sikap ada hubungan bermakna dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan tanpa pendidikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan pemeriksaan kehamilan, pengetahuan dan sikap masih rendah maka perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terutama penelitian kualitatif untuk menggali faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi rendahnya hasil ini. ......Relationship between Mother's Knowledge and Attitude and Antenatal Care in Serang District Banten Province Year 2003According to Healthy Mean 2000 data, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was 390/100000 live births, this is still higher compared to those of other Asean countries but better than Kampuchea (900/100000 live births) and Laos (650/100000 live births). Wiknyosastro et al. (1999) said that maternal mortality could be caused by reproductive, obstetric complication, health care, and social economic factors. Study by Widiarsa (2002) in Bali showed that 60% of maternal mortality was caused by the outcomes (pregnancy and complication) where health behavior aspect such as late first ANC, ANC less than 4 times, and selection of delivery place could increase the mortality risk. According to Green, the utilization of health care including ANC is influenced by predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. This study limits its scope to predisposing factors in terms of knowledge, attitude, and mother's characteristics such as education, occupation, age, and parity. Serang District profile data year 2000 showed that first ANC (K1) was 83.42% while complete ANC (K4) was 5159%. This study was a descriptive one using cross sectional design. Instrument used in this study was a set of questionnaires. Population in this study was mothers of under five children consisted of 3 sub districts (3 community health centers working area) located in the north and south and one sub district in the city of Serang (3 community health centers working area). Selection of village and township, sub-village, and subject was conducted purposively. Data were collected among 110 respondents and conducted by the researcher helped by midwife with result as follow: 52.7% respondents had complete ANC, 58.2% had good knowledge, and 63.6% had positive attitude. Bivariate analysis using chi square found that knowledge, attitude, and education had significant relationship to ANC. The multivariate analysis found significant relationship between knowledge and ANC and education. Meanwhile, attitude had significant relationship with ANC without education. It is concluded that the utilization of ANC, knowledge, and attitude were still poor and therefore, there is a need two conduct more research particularly qualitative studies to reveal factors influenced these poor results.

Abstrak :
[ASTRAK
Latar Belakang: Pengetahuan seseorang yang tidak memadai terhadap risiko suatu tindakan medis berpotensi menimbulkan kecemasan dan tuntutan sehingga diperlukan upaya komunikasi dan pemberian edukasi dengan baik. Pembedahan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) anak berisiko tinggi terjadi morbiditas hingga mortalitas. Terdapat kesan pemahaman ibu yang tidak optimal terhadap pembedahan PJB anak mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengetahuan ibu terhadap pembedahan PJB. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan uji eksperimen tidak murni (kuasi eksperimen) untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan dan uji potong lintang untuk mengetahui proporsi pengetahuan yang rendah sebelum diberikan edukasi pada ibu anak yang akan menjalani pembedahan jantung pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2014 di Instalasi Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu (PJT) RSUPNCM. Pengetahuan ibu dinilai menggunakan kuesioner dan edukasi menggunakan media edukasi mini flipchart. Kuesioner dan media edukasi dikembangkan sendiri oleh peneliti. Pengetahuan akan dinilai saat praedukasi dan pascaedukasi. Hasil: Sebanyak 57 subyek diikutsertakan dalam penelitian dan tidak ada subyek yang dikeluarkan saat penelitian. Analisis menggunakan stratifikasi untuk tiap diagnosis dan jenjang pendidikan. Total 47 subyek yang dapat dianalisis. Didapatkan 49% subyek memiliki pengetahuan rendah praedukasi dan seluruh subyek (100%) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan pascaedukasi. Simpulan: Pemberian edukasi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu anak dengan PJB yang akan menjalani pembedahan jantung.

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ABSTRACT
Background : Inadequate knowledge about risk of upcoming medical intervention may raise anxiety and demands. Therefore good communication and education are required. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) children surgery has high risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an impression that the mother has lack understanding of their children?s surgery. This study aimed to assess the mother?s knowledge of CHD surgery. Method : This study used quasi-experimental design to determine changes in maternal knowledge and cross-sectional tests to assess the proportion of low knowledge prior the provision of education on the mothers whose children underwent heart surgery in May to July 2014 in RSUPNCM. Knowledge of mothers was assessed using questionnaires before and after the education. Education was provided using ?mini flipchart? media. Questionnaires and educational media were developed by the researchers. Result : A total of 57 subjects were included in the study and no subjects were excluded during the research. Analysis was done by using stratification for each diagnosis. A total of 47 subjects can be analyzed. We found that 49% of the subjects had low knowledge prior the provision of education and all subjects (100%) had increasing knowledge after education. Conclusion : The provision of education is able to increase the knowledge of mothers whose children will undergo congenital heart disease surgery.;Background : Inadequate knowledge about risk of upcoming medical intervention may raise anxiety and demands. Therefore good communication and education are required. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) children surgery has high risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an impression that the mother has lack understanding of their children’s surgery. This study aimed to assess the mother’s knowledge of CHD surgery. Method : This study used quasi-experimental design to determine changes in maternal knowledge and cross-sectional tests to assess the proportion of low knowledge prior the provision of education on the mothers whose children underwent heart surgery in May to July 2014 in RSUPNCM. Knowledge of mothers was assessed using questionnaires before and after the education. Education was provided using “mini flipchart” media. Questionnaires and educational media were developed by the researchers. Result : A total of 57 subjects were included in the study and no subjects were excluded during the research. Analysis was done by using stratification for each diagnosis. A total of 47 subjects can be analyzed. We found that 49% of the subjects had low knowledge prior the provision of education and all subjects (100%) had increasing knowledge after education. Conclusion : The provision of education is able to increase the knowledge of mothers whose children will undergo congenital heart disease surgery., Background : Inadequate knowledge about risk of upcoming medical intervention may raise anxiety and demands. Therefore good communication and education are required. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) children surgery has high risk of morbidity and mortality. There is an impression that the mother has lack understanding of their children’s surgery. This study aimed to assess the mother’s knowledge of CHD surgery. Method : This study used quasi-experimental design to determine changes in maternal knowledge and cross-sectional tests to assess the proportion of low knowledge prior the provision of education on the mothers whose children underwent heart surgery in May to July 2014 in RSUPNCM. Knowledge of mothers was assessed using questionnaires before and after the education. Education was provided using “mini flipchart” media. Questionnaires and educational media were developed by the researchers. Result : A total of 57 subjects were included in the study and no subjects were excluded during the research. Analysis was done by using stratification for each diagnosis. A total of 47 subjects can be analyzed. We found that 49% of the subjects had low knowledge prior the provision of education and all subjects (100%) had increasing knowledge after education. Conclusion : The provision of education is able to increase the knowledge of mothers whose children will undergo congenital heart disease surgery.]

Abstrak :
Di Indonesia, Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) selalu menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian pada kelompok bayi dan balita. Diperkirakan, sebanyak 150.000 bayi / balita meninggal tiap tahun. Di wilayah Puskesmas DTP Cibeber dari tahun 2008 sampai 2010 yaitu 778 (24,3%), 231 (7,21%) dan 873 (27,3%) kasus ISPA pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu, karakteristik balita, sumber pencemar udara dalam ruang, dan lingkungan fisik rumah dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki balita yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas DTP Cibeber Kabupaten Lebak Propinsi Banten dengan jumlah sampel 106 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara langsung terhadap responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Variabel penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan ibu, BBL balita, status ASI, status imunisasi, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian, adanya perokok dan bahan bakar memasak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi balita yang menderita sakit ISPA 80,2%. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu {OR=4,333(95% CI : 1,596-11,768)}, BBL, status ASI, ventilasi {OR= 9,726, (95 CI : 2,132- 44,373)}, kepadatan hunian dan adanya perokok dalam rumah {OR= 40,500 (95% CI: 10,466- 156,715)} terhadap kejadian ISPA pada balita. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan agar diupayakan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu mengenai penyakit ISPA, pemberian ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan, pemeriksaan rutin kehamilan untuk mencegah bayi lahir rendah, bagi anggota keluarga perokok untuk tidak merokok dalam rumah atau dekat dengan balita, dan mengupayakan ventilasi dan penghuni rumah yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. ...... In Indonesia, Acute Respiratory Infections (ISPA) always place first rank cause of infant and child death. It is estimated as much as 150,000 infants/children under five (Balita) die for each year. Number of cases of ISPA to balita in working area of Cibeber Community Health Centers to Care from 2008 up to 2010 is 778 (24.3%), 231 (7.21%), and 873 (27.3%). This study aims to find out mother knowledge, balita characteristic, air pollution source of inside room, and home physical environment using cross sectional design. Study population are all of mothers who have child under five in there of samples are 106 respondents. Data were collected by direct interview to respondents using questionnaire. Variables in this study are mother knowledge, BBL of balita, ASI and immunization status, ventilation, population density, presence of smoker, and cooking fuel. Study result shows that proportion of balita suffered from ISPA is 80.2%. There are meaning relationship between mother knowledge {OR= 4,333(95% CI : 1,596-11,768)}, Birth weigth, born, brestfeeding status, ventilation {OR= 9,726, (95% CI : 2,132- 44,373)} , population density, and presence of smoker inside house { OR= 40,500, 95% CI: 10,466- 156,715)} to incident of ISPA to child under five. Based on study result, it is suggested to do an efforts to increase mother knowledge regarding to ISPA disease, giving an exclusive ASI for 6 months, routine checking up of gestation to prevent low birth weight for infant, not smoke near balita or inside house for family member who is smoker.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Obesity has become a significant public health problem of the twenty first century. An increasing number of preschool children are becoming overweight. Although many risk factors have been identified for school-age children, less is known about this young age group. This study was aimed to determine factors associated with overweight among preschool children. Study design was a cross sectional survey. Sample in this study was 90 children aged 3?6 years old in Bina Putik Kindergarten School in Cempaka Putih District (total sampling). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in this sample were 24.4% and 13.3% respectively. There were significant relationships between overweight and some variables using chi-square test such as: age of the children, having overweight parents, nutritional knowledge of the mother, duration of breast feeding, frequency of fast food consumption (p < 0.05). In Cox Regression analysis, only the age of children and nutritional knowledge of mothers were found as determinant factors influencing childhood overweight after adjusting other variables. Younger aged children (<5 years) had a greater risk of being overweight than older children (>5 years old). It could be concluded that mother?s knowledge on nutrition played an important role in preventing overweight children. Suggested recommendation in order to prevent overweight since childhood was by increasing mother?s knowledge through optimizing relevant programs in the Puskesmas.

Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kelebihan Berat Badan pada Anak Usia Taman Kanak Kanak. Obesitas menjadi masalah kesehatan umum yang signifikan dari abad kedua puluh. Nampak terjadi peningkatan jumlah anak-anak prasekolah yang memilki kelebihan berat badan. Walaupun telah banyak diidentifikasi faktor risiko yang ada untuk anak-anak usia sekolah, masih sedikit yang diketahui tentang kelompok usia muda ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan kelebihan berat badan di kalangan anak-anak prasekolah. Model penelitian ini adalah melalui survei penampang silang. Sampel dalam studi ini adalah 90 anak berusia 3 sampai 6 tahun di Taman Kanak Kanak Bina Putik di daerah Cempaka Putih (total sampel). Prevalensi kegemukan dan obesitas dalam contoh ini masing-masing adalah 24,4% dan 13,3%. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kelebihan berat badan dan beberapa variabel yang menggunakan tes Chi-kuadrat seperti: usia anak-anak, memiliki orangtua yang kelebihan berat badan, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi, durasi menyusui, frekuensi konsumsi makanan cepat saji (p < 0,05). Dalam analisis regresi Cox, hanya usia anak dan pengetahuan gizi ibu ditemukan sebagai faktor-faktor penentu yang mempengaruhi anak-anak yang kelebihan berat badan setelah menyesuaikan variabel-variabel lainnya. Anak-anak usia muda (<5 tahun) memiliki risiko yang lebih besar daripada anak-anak lebih tua (>5 tahun). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi memainkan peranan penting dalam mencegah anak-anak kelebihan berat badan. Rekomendasi yang disarankan untuk mencegah kelebihan berat badan sejak masa kanak-kanak adalah dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu melalui optimalisasi program-program yang terkait di Puskesmas.

Abstrak :
Tujuan Pembangunan Kesehatan adalah meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia serta kualitas kehidupan yang dilakukan sejak dini dan sangat tergantung pada kualitas kesehatan ibu hamil. Saat ini Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) adalah 373 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (SKRT 1995). Kematian ini umumnya dapat dicegah bila komplikasi kehamilan dan keadaan resiko tinggi lainnya dapat dideteksi secara dini melalui pelayanan antenatal yang baik. Manurut Green perilaku pemanfaatan antenatal dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, pendukung. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada faktor predisposisi yaitu karakteristik sosiodemografi dan pengetahuan ibu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan yang dibagi 2 wilayah yaitu wilayah yang cakupan antenatalnya tinggi (Kl > 90% dan K4 > 80%) dan wilayah cakupan antenatalnya rendah (Kl <90% dan K4 <80%). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah non eksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 192 ibu hamil yang terdiri dari 94 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC tinggi dan 98 ibu hamil di wilayah ANC rendah. Cara pengambilannya simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data untuk variabel bebas: umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, paritas, dan pengetahuan ibu dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung, sedangkan untuk variabel antenatal dilakukan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi melalui KMS ibu hamil. Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi ibu hamil yang memanfaatkan pelayanan antenatal baik adalah 29,7% dan yang pemanfaatan antenatal kurang adalah 70,3%. Sedangkan proporsi pemanfaatan ANC berdasarkan wilayah adalah untuk wilayah ANC tinggi yang memanfaatkan antenatal baik adalah 29,6% dan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah 29,8%. Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna (p >0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan umur, pendidikan, paritas. Akan tetapi ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal dengan status pekerjaan dan pengetahuan ibu (baik secara umum maupun secara terpisah berdasarkan wilayah). Hasil analisis multivariat regresi logistik juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal untuk wilayah ANC tinggi adalah pengetahuan (OR 3,3161) sedangkan untuk wilayah ANC rendah adalah pekerjaan ibu (OR 21,6495). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan pelayanan antenatal di wilayah Kabupaten Donggala masih sangat rendah baik itu secara umum maupun terpisah berdasarkan wilayah cakupan. Untuk itu perlu ditingkatkan penyuluhan-penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka terhadap manfaat pemeriksaan kehamilan. ......Analysis on Relationship between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Pregnant Mother's Knowledge with Utilization of Antenatal Care in Two Areas of Donggala District, Central Sulawesi Province 2001The objective of National Health Development is to improve the quality of human resources and to improve the quality of life. Those improvements are to be started early at life and heavily depend on the quality of pregnant and maternal health. At the present time, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is 373 per 100.000 life births (SKRT, 1995). In general, these deaths could be prevented if the maternal complication and other high risk situations could be detected early through good antenatal care. According to Green, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influence the behavior of antenatal care utilization. This study focused on predisposing factors, which is socio-demographic characteristics and mother's knowledge. This study was conducted in working area of Donggala Health Office, which is divided into two areas, that is area with high antenatal coverage (K1 > 90% and K4 > 80%) and area with low antenatal coverage (K1 < 90% and K4 < 80%). Design of the study is non-experimental with cross-sectional approach. Subjects were 192 pregnant mothers comprised of 94 pregnant mothers in "high ANC area" and 98 pregnant mothers in "low ANC area". Subjects were chosen in a simple random sampling way. Data on independent variables (age, education, current employment, parity, marital status, and mother's knowledge) were collected by face-to-face interview, while data on antenatal variable was collected through both interview and document study on pregnant mother's KMS (health record card). The study found that in general, the proportion of pregnant mother who utilize antenatal care well was 29.7%, while those who utilize antenatal care poorly was 70.3%. In "high ANC area", pregnant mothers who utilize antenatal care well were 29.6% and those who utilize antenatal care well in "low ANC area" were 29.8%. The Chi-square results exhibited no significant association (p > 0.05) between ANC utilization with age, education, and parity. However, significant association was found between ANC utilization with employment status and mother's knowledge (both in general or partial based on area). The logistic regression showed that the most dominating factor that influences ANC utilization in "high ANC area" is knowledge (OR = 3.3161), while in "low ANC area" it is mother's employment status (OR = 21.6495). The study came into conclusion that the utilization of antenatal care in Donggala District was still very low in both general and partial (based on different ANC coverage). Therefore, there is need to improve extension and promotion to pregnant mothers in order to improve their knowledge on the usefulness of antenatal care.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian adalah teridentifikasinya kontribusi karakteristik. pengetahuan dan sikap post partum primipara serta dukungan perawat terhadap kemandirian dalam perawatan diri dan bayi. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik bersifat cross sectional terhadap 134 ibu post partum primipara di Bagian Rawat Inap Ibu RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta selama bulan April 2003. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempunyai kontribusi terhadap kemandirian post partum primipara adalah umur, jenis persalinan dan pengetahuan.

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Primiparous Characteristics, Knowledge and Attitude Contributions and Nursing Support toward Self Care and Nursing the Baby. Study in Maternity Ward, "Harapan Kita" Children and Maternity Hospital, Jakarta April 2003The purpose of this study is to find primiparous characteristics, knowledge and attitude contributions and nursing support toward self care and nursing the baby. Design of the research is analytical descriptive with cross sectional toward 134 primiparous in maternity ward, Children and Maternity Hospital Jakarta, during April 2003. The study results that mother age, type of childbirth and knowledge have contribution toward self care and nursing the baby.