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"Urban foodscape merepresentasikan kemelekatan makanan dengan lanskapnya di ruang kota. Berbagai penelitian terdahulu mengungkapkan bahwa foodscape bersifat nested, interconnected, dan multidimensi. Namun, gagasan foodscape belum memberikan pemahaman bagaimana pengkondisian fit atau kesesuaian dari kehadiran makanan pada lanskapnya. Gagasan form (bentuk) menekankan fitness sebagai pengkondisian yang ideal dari kehadiran makanan pada habitat urban. Habitat urban merujuk pada pengkondisian yang khusus dari lanskap, dengan gagasan form dari foodscape yang tergantung pada konteks spasialnya. Kawasan Pancoran, Glodok, Jakarta, sebagai salah satu urban foodscape, memiliki karakter fisik dan nonfisik sebagai suatu Pecinan, termasuk karakter urban form sebagai struktur pembentuk habitat urbannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelusuri form dari urban foodscape, yang mengindikasikan fitness dari urban foodscape dan hubungan di antara food patches. Penelitian ini mempertanyakan gagasan form dari urban foodscape pada suatu konteks habitat. Pertanyaan ini merujuk pada kesesuaian atau fitness dari suatu urban foodscape dalam skala makro dan mikro; serta bagaimana relasi antara urban food system dengan berbagai elemen urban form. Metode multilayer yang komprehensif dalam pendekatan studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri aspek makanan dan lanskap. Pemodelan habitat urban dengan land mosaic sebagai the puzzle-pieces-plan merujuk pada keberagaman elemen spasial, yang terdiri dari matriks, patch, dan koridor. Patch merupakan unit spasial yang dianalisis sebagai suatu set (himpunan) yang berhubungan dengan urban food system dan urban form. Pemetaan superimposed berfungsi menelusuri enam layer terkait kehadiran makanan, yaitu ruang-ruang yang menghadirkan komoditas makanan; aktivitas dalam urban food system; jenis komoditas makanan; sifat permanen ruang yang menghadirkan komoditas makanan; fungsi sekitar kawasan; dan pusat kegiatan. Temuan pertama mengungkapkan bahwa kawasan Pancoran, Glodok, memiliki sembilan tipe food patch sebagai pengkondisian fit, yaitu food corridor; street food festival; food patch di sekitar pusat kegiatan; food patch di sekitar simpul pergerakan; food patch di ruang kota dengan skala intim; street market; food node; food patch makanan tidak halal; dan transisi antara food patch (embrio atau jejak food patch terdahulu). Temuan kedua mengungkapkan empat tipe relasi antara food patches yaitu relasi set yang sama; bagian; berpotongan atau beririsan; dan saling lepas. Temuan ketiga menekankan food mosaic sebagai gagasan form dari foodscape yang memiliki sifat nested di dalam food patches dan interconnected dalam hubungannya dengan food patches lainnya. Pemahaman mengenai food mosaic akan memberikan panduan arah pengembangan urban foodscape sesuai habitat urbannya.

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Urban foodscape represents the attachment of food to its landscape in an urban spatial context. Previous studies reveal that foodscape is nested, interconnected, and multidimensional. However, the idea of foodscape is not sufficient to comprehend how food fits in its landscape. The concept of form highlights fitness as the ideal condition for the presence of food in urban habitat. Urban habitat constitutes a distinctive landscape so that the form of foodscape depends on its spatial context. Pancoran, Glodok, as one of Jakarta’s urban foodscape, has specific physical and non-physical aspects as Jakarta’s Chinatown, which characterize its urban forms as the structure of urban habitat. The objective of this research is to explore the form of urban foodscape in relation to food system and urban form. This research questions the form of foodscape, which indicates the fitness of urban foodscape and the relationship between food patches. A comprehensive multilayered method in this case study is applied to explore the multidimensional aspects of food and landscape. In the case of urban habitat, the approach of land mosaic as the puzzle-pieces-plan refers to the heterogeneity of spatial elements constructed by matrix, patch, and corridor. Patch as a spatial unit is analyzed as a set of urban food systems related to urban forms. The superimposed mapping functions to separate, sequence, and overlay the spatial presence of food patch in urban forms in six layers, such as the layer of food spatial distribution; activities related to food or urban food system; food types; the spatial permanency of food spots; surrounding context; as well as centers of activities around food environment. This research has three findings regarding the concept of urban foodscape form. The first finding discovers that Pancoran, Glodok, has nine types of food patch considered as fitness, such as: food corridor; street food festival; food patch around activities center; food patch around an intersection; food patch in intimate scale; street market; food node; non-halal food patch; and food patch as a transition zone. The second finding reveals four types of relationship between food patches which can be categorized as “including it; being included by it; partially including; and partially excluding it”, in order to be fit in its landscape. Furthermore, the third finding highlights food mosaic as the form of foodscape, which refers to the fitness of part-to-whole-relationship, determined by the relationship between food and the urban form. Food mosaic represents the concept of being nested in food patches and interconnected with other food patches and elements within the food environment. Understanding food mosaic will lead to prescriptive purposes in the development of urban foodscape that fits in its urban habitat."

"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang secara harfiah diartikan sebagai bercerai berai tetapi satu merupakan ilustrasi dari jati diri bangsa Indonesia yang secara natural dan sosial - kultural dibangun di atas keanekaragaman (etnis, bahasa,budaya dll)...."

"This article seeks to discuss the impact on privacy of personal information when the state couple big data technology with public measures to conduct massive metadata surveillance without targeting specific persons or having a specific purpose to surveil. Methodologically, this article employs constitutional law and comparative legal analysis to critically examine litigation in the U.S. triggered by government mass surveillance and establishes a conceptual category of “government mass surveillance,” which exhibit several elements. This is followed by an examination of the theoretical development and practical experience drawn from several seminal cases of the U.S. Federal Courts. This article found that the treasure trove of litigation in the U.S. Federal Courts have significantly changed people’s perceptions and presumptions of privacy. The 2013 Snowden disclosures profoundly revealed that the federal judiciary of the U.S. is confronted by the inherent defects and deficiencies embedded in the theoretical framework of “reasonable expectations of privacy” and “third-party doctrine,” which was established in the 1980s and based on the dichotomy of the public / private domain. This article further introduces the “mosaic theory” as a supplementary interpretative approach and evaluates its enlightening significance. This article concludes that the rigorous debate between the U.S. federal court’s judgment and American legal scholarship not only outlines the difficulty and urgency of reclaiming informational privacy in the era of big data, but also dictates a paradigm shift in our expectation of informational privacy toward a less standardized and more flexible interpretation. These insightful lessons should inform Taiwanese courts as they respond to prevailing issues presented by government mass surveillance."