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Abstrak :
The differences in service delivery to poor patients often occurs. This study aimed to get information about health services provided by hospitals on poor communities in six region of indonesia.the research uses a qualitative approach with subjects of study is poor who are and /or never get health services in hospitals in six region of indonesia. It experimental results showed that poorer patients in government or private hospitals, which generally have inadequate levels of sastsisfaction, among others ministry assessed administrative complex, convuloted, ill-informed, less friendly officers, not given a prescription of generic drugs and service that takes long enoug. Besides, having to pay advances also became a barrier for poor to health service in hospitals.

Abstrak :
Pelayanan kepada pasien miskin yang diberikan secara berbeda masih sering terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi tentang pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh rumah sakit kepada masyarakat miskin di enam wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitiannya adalah masyarakat miskin yang sedang dan/atau pernah mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit di enam wilayah Indonesia. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pasien miskin di rumah sakit pemerintah maupun rumah sakit swasta, umumnya memiliki tingkat kepuasan yang kurang memadai, di antaranya pada pelayanan administrasi yang dinilai rumit, berbelit, kurang informasi, petugas yang kurang ramah, tidak diberikan resep obat generik, dan pelayanan yang memakan waktu cukup lama. Selain itu, keharusan membayar uang muka juga menjadi penghalang bagi masyarakat miskin untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Dalam UUD 1945 menyebutkan bahwa setiap orang berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan dan Negara bertanggung jawab atas penyediaan fasiltas kesehatan dan fasilitas umum yang layak. Untuk memenuhi dan mewujudkan hak bagi setiap warga negara dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang layak dan kewajiban pemerintah penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan sebagai amanat UUD 1945 maka pemerintah pusat menyelenggarakan program jaminan kesehatan nasional (JKN) dan untuk pemerintahan daerah khusus Ibukota (DKI Jakarta) menyelenggarakan jaminan kesehatan daerah yang dikenal dengan nama Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS). RSCM adalah rumah sakit milik pemerintah pusat yang salah satu visinya adalah menjadi rumah sakit pusat rujukan nasonal terkemuka di Asia Pasifik tahun 2014. RSCM diharapkan dapat melayani masyarakat dari seluruh penjuru Indonesia dengan sistem rujukan berjenjang dengan optimal sesuai dengan standar pelayanan kesehatan dan peraturan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai indeks kepuasan masyarakat miskin terhadap pelayanan di RSCM dalam program JKN dan KJS. Program kesehatan JKN dan KJS ini tidak lepas dari permasalahan dalam pelaksanaannya, salah satunya adalah mengenai pelayanan di rumah sakit dalam pelaksanaan program tersebut. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur nilai indeks kepuasan masyarakat miskin di RSCM dalam pelaksanaan program JKN dan KJS serta untuk mengetahui unsurunsur yang sudah baik dan yang masih membutuhkan peningkatan kualitas pelayanannya. Hasil dari penelitian kuantiatif menilai bahwa indeks kepuasan masyarakat miskin di RSCM adalah sangat baik, tetapi ada beberapa pelayanan yang perlu menjadi perhatian dan atau perbaikan yang didapat dari hasil penelitian kualitatif.

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ABSTRACT
Indonesia Constitution (UUD 1945) states that every citizen has the right to obtain medical care and the Government is responsible for the provision of health and adequate public facilities. In order to satisfy and fulfil the right of every citizen in getting proper health care as mandated by the Constitution, The central government has issued the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) whereas the Jakarta Provincial Government has issued a Regional-based Health Insurance Program known as the Jakarta Health Card (KJS). National General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) is one of the hospitals owned by the central government and one of its visions is to become regional referral hospitals in Asia Pacific in 2014. RSCM is expected to serve people from all over Indonesia accordance with the standard of health services and regulations. This study discusses the satisfaction index of the poor with regard to services in RSCM especially on the implementation of the JKN and KJS. The problem of the implementation of JKN and KJS are still occurred, one of the problems is the hospital services in the implementation of the programs. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM on the implementation of JKN and KJS as well as to determine the factors that are good and which are still in need of improvement of service quality. The results of the quantitative study is conclude that the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM is ?very good?, yet there are some services that need to be improved derived from the results of qualitative research.;Indonesia Constitution (UUD 1945) states that every citizen has the right to obtain medical care and the Government is responsible for the provision of health and adequate public facilities. In order to satisfy and fulfil the right of every citizen in getting proper health care as mandated by the Constitution, The central government has issued the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) whereas the Jakarta Provincial Government has issued a Regional-based Health Insurance Program known as the Jakarta Health Card (KJS). National General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) is one of the hospitals owned by the central government and one of its visions is to become regional referral hospitals in Asia Pacific in 2014. RSCM is expected to serve people from all over Indonesia accordance with the standard of health services and regulations. This study discusses the satisfaction index of the poor with regard to services in RSCM especially on the implementation of the JKN and KJS. The problem of the implementation of JKN and KJS are still occurred, one of the problems is the hospital services in the implementation of the programs. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM on the implementation of JKN and KJS as well as to determine the factors that are good and which are still in need of improvement of service quality. The results of the quantitative study is conclude that the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM is ?very good?, yet there are some services that need to be improved derived from the results of qualitative research., Indonesia Constitution (UUD 1945) states that every citizen has the right to obtain medical care and the Government is responsible for the provision of health and adequate public facilities. In order to satisfy and fulfil the right of every citizen in getting proper health care as mandated by the Constitution, The central government has issued the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) whereas the Jakarta Provincial Government has issued a Regional-based Health Insurance Program known as the Jakarta Health Card (KJS). National General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) is one of the hospitals owned by the central government and one of its visions is to become regional referral hospitals in Asia Pacific in 2014. RSCM is expected to serve people from all over Indonesia accordance with the standard of health services and regulations. This study discusses the satisfaction index of the poor with regard to services in RSCM especially on the implementation of the JKN and KJS. The problem of the implementation of JKN and KJS are still occurred, one of the problems is the hospital services in the implementation of the programs. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM on the implementation of JKN and KJS as well as to determine the factors that are good and which are still in need of improvement of service quality. The results of the quantitative study is conclude that the satisfaction index of the poor in RSCM is “very good”, yet there are some services that need to be improved derived from the results of qualitative research.]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Studi ini menganalisis bagaimana proses pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin perkotaan yang mengalami mekanisme kekerasan simbolik. Kekerasan simbolik digunakan sebagai upaya menanamkan pemahaman atau kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu dengan mengatasnamakan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses interaksi dalam kerangka pemberdayaan, mekanisme kekerasan simbolik yang berlangsung dan perjuangan simbolik para aktor yang terlibat dalam proses pemberdayaan. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode-metode: observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, FGD, dokumentasi dan data sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan selama ± 2 tahun dengan pemilihan lokasi secara bertahap pada LSM Asih di Cengkareng, LSM Asah di Kutai Kartanegara dan LSM Asuh di Cibinong. Temuan dalam studi ini adalah munculnya ?kelompok tanggung? sebagai hasil ?lain? dari proses pemberdayaan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh LSM Asih, LSM Asah dan LSM Asuh. Suatu kelompok ?baru? dari warga binaan yang telah berhasil menikmati pemberdayaan namun belum berdaya sepenuhnya, masih tergantung pada pemberdaya dan memiliki peran penting sebagai ?jembatan? antara pemberdaya dan warga yang akan dibina. Posisi menjadi serba tanggung karena tanggung untuk bisa maju dan tanggung untuk dikatakan telah maju. Ketiga kelompok tanggung tersebut memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan baik secara individu, relasi sosial, waktu dan lingkungan yang membentuknya. Kesimpulannya adalah dialektika negara, LSM dan masyarakat, dialektika kepentingan pemberdaya dan peningkatan capital warga binaan, dan dialektika global dan lokal bukanlah diamati sebagai siapa atau mana yang lebih berkuasa atau dominan. Dialektika-dialektika tersebut justru menciptakan suatu (re)produksi sosial atau budaya yang terus berproses. Walaupun di dalamnya ada upaya penghimpunan habitus kolektif atau dominasi atau kepentingan melalui mekanisme kekerasan simbolik, namun tetap ada upaya-upaya perjuangan simbolik para aktor di dalamnya. Terlepas dari menjadi kelompok dominan atau kelompok terdominasi, perjuangan simbolik menjadi kekuatan bertahannya dialektika tersebut.

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ABSTRACT
This dissertation analyzes how the empowerment process in urban poor community who experienced symbolic violence. Symbolic violence is used as an approach to instill an understanding or any particular interests in the name of social welfare improvement. The study aims to analyze an interaction process within empowerment framework, process of symbolic violence mechanism, and symbolic struggle of actors who involved in empowerment process. The study uses a qualitative approach with participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), documentation and secondary data. The study was conducted for about two years in gradually selected three NGO?s are The Asih NGO in Cengkareng, The Asah NGO in Kutai Kartanegara, and The Asuh NGO in Cibinong. The key finding from this study is the emerging of ?Tanggung Group? as the ?other? output of empowerment process that has been conducted by The Asih, Asah and Asuh NGO. This is a ?new? group in the empowered communities that has gained several benefits but not fully empowered yet, they still depend to the empowerment institution and hold an important role as a ?bridge? group between the empowerment institution and community. Their position became halfempowered, because they either could not fully step forward or to be called as totally being empowered. Those three ?tanggung groups? have both similarties and differences in term of in individual, social relation, time and environment condition that build them. The main conclusions drawn from this research were that the state, NGOs, and society dialectic, dialectic of empowerment institution interest and improvement of empowered community capital, global and local dialectic are not been viewed as who or which one is more powerful or dominant. Those dialectics have created a social or cultural (re)production that continues processing. Although is has a collective habitus collection or domination or particular interest through symbolic violence mechanism, however there is still symbolic struggle among the actors. Apart from being a dominant group or being dominated group, symbolic struggle become the strength of the existing dialectic.

Abstrak :
Masyarakat miskin dan kelompok usia emerging adulthood rentan mengalami distres psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara optimisme dan distres psikologis emerging adults miskin di DKI Jakarta. Optimisme diukur dengan Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) dan distres psikologis diukur dengan Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 261 orang dengan rentang usia 18-29 tahun, terdiri dari 92 (35,2%) laki-laki dan 169 (64,8%) perempuan. Dengan analisis Pearson Correlation, ditemukan hasil bahwa optimisme memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan distres psikologis (r(259) = -0,161, p = 0,009, two-tailed) dan r2 = 0,026.

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The poor and emerging adults groups are vulnerable to psychological distress. This study aim to examine the relationship between optimism and psychological distress among poor emerging adults in DKI Jakarta. Optimism was measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and psychological distress measured by Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). The participants in this study were 261 with age range of 18-29 years old, consisting of 92 (35,2%) man and 169 (64,8%) women. With Pearson Correlation analysis, it was found that optimism had a significant relationship with psychological distress (r(259) = -0,161, p = 0,009, two-tailed) and r2 = 0,026.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara gratitude dan distres psikologis pada masyarakat miskin emerging adulthood. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 264 orang yang merupakan masyarakat miskin dan berusia 18 sampai 29 tahun dari lima kelurahan berbeda di DKI Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) untuk mengukur distres psikologis dan The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item (GQ-6) untuk mengukur gratitude. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang tidak signifikan antara distres psikologis dan gratitude (r=-0,064, n=264, p>0,01, one tailed). Artinya tinggi rendahnya tingkat gratitude individu tidak dapat berhubungan dengan tinggi rendahnya tingkat distres psikologis yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat miskin emerging adulthood.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation between gratitude and psychological distress among poor society emerging adulthood. Respondents in this study were 264 poor society from various sub-district in DKI Jakarta. The data were collected using Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) to measure psychological distress and The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item (GQ-6) to measure gratitude. The result indicated there is not a significant negative correlation between psychological distress and gratitude (r=-0,064, n=264, p>0,01,  one -tailed), that is, gratitude does not predict psychological distress among them.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini akan melihat implementasi dari kebijakan Thaksin Shinawatra dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat miskin di Thailand. Studi kasus yang akan digunakan adalah kebijakan kesehatan 30 Bath periode tahun 2001-2006 yaitu ketika Thaksin menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat miskin setelah kebijakan ini diterapkan. Pertanyaan penelitian yang disusun adalah Bagaimana dampak implementasi Thaksin Shinawatra terkait kebijakan kesehatan 30 Bath kepada masyarakat miskin di Thailand? Dari pertanyaan tersebut terdapat hipotesis kerja yang datang dari pendapat penulis yaitu bahwa implementasi kebijakan Thaksin ini dianggap tidak efektif dan tidak sesuai dengan rencana yang telah dijanjikan karena masih terdapat masyarakat yang tidak merasakan kebijakan ini. Hipotesis tersebut akan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan data yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini menganggap bahwa dalam implementasi kebijakan kesehatan 30 Bath masih terdapat penyelewengan. Hal ini berdampak negatif kepada masyarakat miskin di desa. Dampak positif sifatnya lebih umum dibandingkan dampak negatif yang dirasakan langsung oleh masyarakat miskin ketika implementasi berjalan.

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This research will look at implementation from Thaksin Shinawatra's policy and its impact towards poor society in Thailand. The case study to be used is health policy 30 Bath period 2001-2006 when Thaksin served as Prime Minister. The purpose of this research is to know the impact felt by the poor after this policy is implemented. The research question is how is Thaksin Shinawatra's implementation impact related to health policy 30 Bath to the poor in Thailand? From the question there is a working hypothesis that comes from the author's opinion that the implementation of Thaksin's policy is considered ineffective and not in accordance with the plan that has been promised because there are still people who do not feel this policy. The hypothesis will be analyzed in this study by using existing data. The results of this study assume that in the implementation of health policy 30 Bath there is still a diversion. This has a negative impact on the poor in the village. Positive impacts are more common than the negative impacts felt by the poor when the implementation works.