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Abstrak :
Energy consumption is of great interest to manufacturing companies. Beyond considering individual processes and machines, the perspective on process chains and factories as a whole holds major potentials for energy efficiency improvements. To exploit these potentials, dynamic interactions of different processes as well as auxiliary equipment (e.g. compressed air generation) need to be taken into account. In addition, planning and controlling manufacturing systems require balancing technical, economic and environmental objectives. Therefore, an innovative and comprehensive methodology, with a generic energy flow-oriented manufacturing simulation environment as a core element, is developed and embedded into a step-by-step application cycle. The concept is applied in its entirety to a wide range of case studies such as aluminum die casting, weaving mills, and printed circuit board assembly in order to demonstrate the broad applicability and the benefits that can be achieved.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk ( i ) melihat kontribusi industri manufaktur terhadap pertumbuhan output ( ii) melihat faktor-faktor yang menentukan pertumbuhan industri manufaktur (iii) melihat efisiensi teknis pada industri manufaktur ISIC tiga digit di Indonesia tahun 1990-1997. Metode dekomposisi pertumbuhan digunakan sebagai pendekatan untuk melihat kontribusi industri manufaktur terhadap output, karena dapat diperoleh faktor apa yang berperan terhadap pertumbuhan output domestik. Fungsi Produksi Cobb Douglas digunakan untuk melihat faktor -faktor yang menentukan pertumbuhan industri manufaktur. Sementara untuk melihat efisiensi teknis digunakan Data Envelopment Analysis. Data yang digunakan berasal dari Tabel Input Output 1990 dan 1995 untuk melihat kontribusi industri manufaktur. Untuk melihat faktor penentu pertumbuhan industri manufaktur digunakan data panel yang berasal dari data industri manufaktur tiga digit kecuali minyak dan gas, demikian pula untuk efisiensi teknis. Studi ini menunjukkan industri manufaktur merupakan penentu utama dalam pertumbuhan output domestik perekonomian Indonesia tahun 1990-1995. Sementara untuk industri manufaktur terlihat pertumbuhan sektor tersebut lebih dipengaruhi oleh permintaan domestik kemudian ekspansi ekspor. Dalam analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan nilai tambah industri manufaktur disebabkan karena pertumbuhan tenaga kerja , pertumbuhan ekspor dan pertumbuhan kapital. Dengan menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis diperoleh hasil bahwa ada kecenderungan beberapa sub sektor menunjukkan efisiensi yang tinggi pada periode penelitian. Dimana hasil tersebut cenderung menunjukkan industri kapital intensif mendorong efisiensi pada industri labor intensif.

Abstrak :
[Firms without research and development (R&D) have frequently been neglected by mainstream innovation research. The small number of existing studies provides only fragmented and sometimes even contradictory findings, because they assume that non-R&D-performing firms show a “typical”, homogeneous innovation pattern. Oliver Som challenges this assumption. Based on current firm-level data of the German industry, he provides pioneer quantitative evidence of five heterogeneous innovation patterns of non-R&D-performers. The findings impressively underline the need for future innovation research, management and policy to extend their view on innovation beyond the scope of R&D., Firms without research and development (R&D) have frequently been neglected by mainstream innovation research. The small number of existing studies provides only fragmented and sometimes even contradictory findings, because they assume that non-R&D-performing firms show a “typical”, homogeneous innovation pattern. Oliver Som challenges this assumption. Based on current firm-level data of the German industry, he provides pioneer quantitative evidence of five heterogeneous innovation patterns of non-R&D-performers. The findings impressively underline the need for future innovation research, management and policy to extend their view on innovation beyond the scope of R&D.]

Abstrak :
[As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China’s modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China’s S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China’s reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China’s modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China’s reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government’s decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China’s high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas., As one of the eighteen field-specific reports comprising the comprehensive scope of the strategic general report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this sub-report addresses long-range planning for developing science and technology in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. They each craft a roadmap for their sphere of development to 2050. In their entirety, the general and sub-group reports analyze the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describe the decisive impact of science and technology on the modernization process, predict that the world is on the eve of an impending S&T revolution, and call for China to be fully prepared for this new round of S&T advancement. Based on the detailed study of the demands on S&T innovation in China’s modernization, the reports draw a framework for eight basic and strategic systems of socio-economic development with the support of science and technology, work out China’s S&T roadmaps for the relevant eight basic and strategic systems in line with China’s reality, further detail S&T initiatives of strategic importance to China’s modernization, and provide S&T decision-makers with comprehensive consultations for the development of S&T innovation consistent with China’s reality. Supported by illustrations and tables of data, the reports provide researchers, government officials and entrepreneurs with guidance concerning research directions, the planning process, and investment. Founded in 1949, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the nation’s highest academic institution in natural sciences. Its major responsibilities are to conduct research in basic and technological sciences, to undertake nationwide integrated surveys on natural resources and ecological environment, to provide the country with scientific data and consultations for government’s decision-making, to undertake government-assigned projects with regard to key S&T problems in the process of socio-economic development, to initiate personnel training, and to promote China’s high-tech enterprises through its active engagement in these areas.]

Abstrak :
The role and size of Japanese direct investment in Indonesia between the era of Orde Lama under Former President Soekarno and Orde Baru under Former President Soeharto was significantly changed. There was a rapid increase in Japanese direct investment starting in the Soeharto era. However a comprehensive historical survey is still lacking. (at any rate in the Indonesian or English language). This article hopes to fill this gap. This article provides a historical survey of the rise of Japanese direct investment in Indonesia since the late 1960s. It discusses the historical roots and the various phases of expansion provide information on the size and distribution by sector and discuss the major Japanese investors and their Indonesian counterparts. This historical survey is divided into four distinct phases: rapid expansion (1969-1976), relative stagnation (1977-1988), renewed expansion (1989-1997) and adaptation to the Asian economic crisis and its aftermath (as from 1998). Continuity has been conditioned by the general political climate in Indonesia and long-run changes in complementarities between the two countries rather than by short-run changes in foreign investment regulations.

Abstrak :
Adanya faktor skala ekonomi dalam pemilihan lokasi menyebabkan beberapa perusahaan yang sej erns memilih berada pada lokasi yang berdekatan, sehingga membawa dampak menurunnya biaya produksi perusahaan. Berkumpulnya beberapa perusahaan sejenis dalam suatu Iokasi industri disebut aglomerasi industri. Hal inilah yang dapat menjelaskan mengapa suatu kota memiliki perusahaan yang jenisnya sama lebih darn sate, dan adanya kecenderungan bahwa kota akan berkembang di sekitar lokasi industri. Suatu kota industri yang besar terbentuk karena adanya aglomerasi ekonomi dalam produksi. Ada dua jenis aglomerasi ekonomi, yaitu localization economies dan urbanization economies. Menurut Henderson (1988), localization economies terjadi jika biaya produksi perusahaan-perusahaan sebagai bagian darn suatu industri menurun pada saat total output darn industri meningkat. Sedangkan urbanization economies terjadi jika biaya produksi sebuah perusahaan secara individual menurun saat total output clan wilayah urban/ perkotaan meningkat. Terdapat kontroversi darn efek yang ditimbulkan oleh localization economies (dikemukakan oleh Alfred Marshall) dengan urbanization economies (diidentifikasi oleh Jane Jacobs). Mills, Henderson, 0 hllallachain dan Satterthwaite mengatakan bahwa localization economies lebih panting dibanding urbanization economies, karena pertumbuhan tenaga kerja suatu sektor lebih tergantung pada besarnya sektor tersebut daripada besarnya wilayah perkota nl metropolitan sektor tersebut berada. Secara umum, pro duktifitas modal dan tenaga kerja sektor industri di Jakarta cukup bank, dimana modal per tenaga kerja dan upah per tenaga kerja mempengaruhi output per tenaga kerj a. Artinya kenaikan modal dan upah akan mampu mendorong kenaikan output. Aglomerasi ekonomi yang terjadi pada mayoritas sub-sektor industri di Jakarta merupakan aglomerasi jenis localization dan urbanization economies, dimanaperusahaan-perusahaan di sektor industri memilih berlokasi di Jakarta karena pertimbangan biaya produksi yang lebih murah, dan juga karena pertimbangan besarnya jumlah penduduk. Hal inn didukung oleh kenyataan bahwa infrastruktur yang ada di DKI Jakarta lengkap, terutama untuk akses transportasi dankomunikasi, serta posisi Jakarta sebagai pusat kegiatan ekonomi nasional. Analisis regresi data panel menunj ukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan basil yang mendasar antara data industri dengan klasifikasi ISIC 2 digit dengan industri berdasarkan klasifikasi ISIC 3 digit dalam observasi. Sub-sektor industri di DKI Jakarta yang mengalami aglomerasi industri ialah sub-sektor Industri Tekstil, Pakaian Jadi, dan Kulit, Industri Kertas dan Barang Barang darn Kertas, Percetakan dan Penerbitan, Industri Kimia dan Barang-Barang darn Kimia, Petroleum, Batu Bara, Karat, dan Barang darn Plastik, Industri Barang-Barang Ban Logam, Mesin dan Perlengkapannya, Industri Pengolahan Lainnya. Sedangkan sub-sektor Industri Makanan, Minuman Serta Tembakau, Industri Kayu dan Barang-Barang dari Kayu, Termasuk Alat-Alat Rumah Tangga darn Kayu, Industri Barang-Barang Galian Bukan Logam, dan Industri Dasar Logam tidak mengalami aglomerasi. Pada golongan pokok industri teridentifikasi tidak terjadi aglomerasi industri. Perlu ada penyusunan kebijakan industri yang lebih diarahkan hanya pads industri yang memang mengalami aglomerasi. Sebaiknya pemerintah daerah DKI Jakarta lebih mengutamakan sub-sektor industri yang sudah terkonsentrasi kuat, dan mengalami aglomerasi jenis localization economies sekaligus urbanization economies.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penghindaran pajak terhadap biaya utang pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2011 - 2015. Proksi penghindaran pajak diukur dengan menggunakan diskresi akrual, sementara proksi biaya utang diukur sebagai nilai biaya utang dibagi dengan nilai rata-rata utang jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah fixed effect model dan diolah dengan program Eviews 8. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara penghindaran pajak dan biaya utang. ......This research aims to examine the impact of tax avoidance on cost of debt of manufacturing firms listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange for the Year 2011 - 2015.The proxy of tax avoidance is measured by discretionary accruals, while cost of debt is measured by total interest expense scaled by average of short and long term debt. This research uses fixed effect method and was processed using Eviews 8. The result shows that there is a significant positive relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt.