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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Malang is a thriving city and destination of migration from rural areas. Vehicle ownership is one indicator of prosperity, but it has a negative effect on city traffic. In 2017 the city of Malang was the third most traffic jam city in Indonesia. This study used the 2016 National Socioeconomic Survey and aimed to see the influence of urbanization and socioeconomic conditions on the preference of owning a vehicle. Income is considered as a budget constraint to the ability to buy a vehicle and is related to the socio-economic conditions of each person. This study used an ordered probit method to measure the level of prosperity with 4 levels of output; those who have no vehicle, who owned at least one motorcycle, who owned at least one car, and who owned at least one car and one motorcycle. The result of the study showed that migration has a negative effect on vehicle ownership. While age has no significant effect, other socio-economic factors have a significant effect. The highest level of vehicle ownership in Malang Raya was one motorcycle, which means that the community in developing cities like Malang Raya was classified as a middle class. This study might be used by the government of Malang to control the growth of vehicles, by considering population growth and socio-economic conditions, to reduce the congestion problem in Malang Raya.

Abstrak :
Pembangunan serta perkembangan kota di Indonesia terus berlangsung, menyebabkan peningkatan akan kebutuhan lahan terutama lahan untuk pemukiman. Peningkatan kebutuhan lahan menyebabkan perubahan tutupan lahan yang akan mempengaruhi suhu permukaan daratan di daerah tersebut, contohnya di Kota Malang Raya dimana suhu di perkotaan cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola spasial suhu permukaan daratan di Kota Malang Raya, kaitannya dengan ketinggian, tutupan lahan, kerapatan vegetasi dan kerapatan bangunan yang dilakukan dengan penginderaan jauh menggunakan Citra Landsat pada perekaman tahun 1996, 2001, 2013 dan 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu permukaan daratan tertinggi berada di pusat Kota Malang dan Kota Batu sebagai pusat wilayah terbangun dengan kerapatan bangunan tinggi dan kerapatan vegetasi yang rendah. Suhu permukaan daratan tertinggi >27O C berada pada wilayah ketinggian.

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The construction and cities development in Indonesia still continues, that leads to increase land needs especially lands for living. The increased of landcover needs caused the lands changed which will affect the land surface 39 s temperature in the area, for example in the cities of Malang Raya that temperatures in urban areas tend to be higher than the surrounding area. This research aims to know the spatial pattern of land surfaces temperature in the cities of Malang Raya, relation to land cover, vegetation density and built up density. Landsat Imagery do use on a recording in 1996, 2001, 2013 and 2016 as well as in relation to the difference in height in this region. Research results showed the highest land surface temperature is in the centre of Malang and Batu city as the center of the build up area with high dencity of buildings low vegetation. The highest land surface temperature 27C is also located in the region of