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"Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) adalah masa transisi antara masa menua normal dan masa demensia, namun tidak didapatkan gangguan kemampuan menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. MCI dapat diidentifikasi dengan deteksi dini di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui hubungan Hipertensi dengan kejadian MCI pada lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Depok. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain Cross Sectional menggunakan Instrumen MoCA-Ina tervalidasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini berusia 60 tahun keatas non-demensia dan non-depresi. Analisis data menggunakan stratifikasi dan analisis multivariat menggunakan cox regression. Hasil analisis data diperoleh prevalensi MCI sebesar 46,8% dan lansia dengan hipertensi sebesar 68,9%. Selain itu, hasil multivariat menunjukkan bahwa lansia dengan hipertensi kemungkinan berisiko 1,7 kali (PR= 1,70; 95% CI 1,077-2,699) mengalami kejadian MCI dibandingkan lansia normotensi setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Usaha untuk deteksi dini dengan skrining pada orang hipertensi dapat membantu dalam menjaring kasus MCI pada lansia.

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) described as a transition phase between healthy cognitive aging and dementia but that does not interfere with activities of daily life. MCI can be detected early in the health facility. The objective of this study was to identified the association between hypertension in elderly and MCI in Cipayung Health center, Depok City.

This is a cross sectional study, utilized the primary data from the early detection using validated Montreal Cognitive test for Indonesia (MoCA-Ina). Participant of this study was non demented and non-depressed elderly people age more than 60 years old. The data analysis was performed with stratification and cox regression multivariate analysis.

The results of study showed the prevalence of MCI is 46,8% and Elderly with hypertension is 68,9%. The result of multivariable analysis showed that elderly people with hypertension probably had 1,7 risk to get MCI with PR=1,705 (95% CI 1,077 - 2,699) than elderly with normotension after adjusted with other variable. For the purpose of early detection of dementia, screening should be taken seriously as a possible pre-stage of MCI in elderly. "

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Gangguan kognitif merupakan salah satu masalah pada aging population berkaitan dengan perubahan neuroendokrin pascamenopause. Gangguan kognitif minimal (minimal cognitive impairment/MCI) merupakan kondisi peralihan fungsi kognitif antara penuaan normal dan demensia.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kisspeptin dan kadar hCG hipofisis dengan gangguan kognitif minimal pada perempuan pascamenopause.Metodologi: MCI ditentukan dengan sistem skoring yang terdiri dari status diabetes melitus, toleransi glukosa terganggu, dislipidemia, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), uji Rey Osterrieth Complexion Figure (ROCF), uji digit span backward dan uji Trail Making Test B. Studi potong lintang terhadap 181 perempuan pascamenopause usia £ 65 tahun, terbagi 2 kelompok yaitu dengan MCI 90 orang dan tanpa MCI 91 orang.Hasil: Analisis terhadap usia, lama menopause, indeks massa tubuh, lama pendidikan, kadar kisspeptin dan kadar hCG hipofisis. Kadar kisspeptin menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna anatar kedua kelompok (p<0,001). Kadar kisspeptin dan lama menopause berkorelasi positif dengan skor MCI (r=0,607 dan r=0,542; berurutan). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan kadar hCG hipofisis antara kedua kelompok (p=0,664), dan skor MCI tidak berkorelasi dengan kadar hCG hipofisis (p=0,398; r=0,06).Kesimpulan: Kadar kisspeptin signifikan lebih tinggi pada perempuan pascamenopause dengan MCI, dan menunjukkan korelasi positif. Sementara kadar hCG hipofisis tidak berbeda di antara kedua kelompok dan tidak menunjukkan korelasi.

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ABSTRACT

Backgroud: Cognitive impairment is one of problems among elderly women due to neuroendocrine alteration after menopause. Minimal cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition state of cognitive function between normal aging and dementia.

Aims: To investigate relationship between kisspeptin and pituitary hCG with MCI in postmenopausal women.

Methods: MCI was determined by scoring; with diabetic status, glucose intolerant, dyslipidemia, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Rey Osterrieth Complexion Figure (ROCF), digit span backward, and Trail Making Test (TMT) B. Using cross-sectional study, 181 postmenopausal women £ 65 years old, were grouped into with and without MCI; 90 and 91 women, respectively.

Results: Data was analysed to their ages, span of menopause, body mass index (BMI), education grade, kisspeptin and hCG level. Kisspeptin level had significantly different among the groups (p<0.001). There was a positive relationship between kisspeptin level and span of menopause to MCI score (R=0.607 and R= 0.542, respectively). Pituitary hCG level, however, showed no difference among the groups. Moreover, MCI score showed no relationship to hCG level (p=0.398; R=0.063).

Conclusions: Kisspeptin level was significantly higher among postmenopausal women with MCI, and showed a positive relationship. While pituitary hCG had no difference among the groups, and showed no relationship."

"ABSTRAKGangguan kognitif ringan merupakan gejala awal dari perkembangan penyakit demensia yang dapat dicegah dan diperbaiki. Deteksi MCI menggunakan bantuan informan memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan pemeriksaan langsung ke lansia. Salah satu pemeriksaan berdasarkan informan adalah IQCODE-S. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melakukan adaptasi lintas budaya, uji validitas dan reliabilitas IQCODE-S Bahasa Indonesia.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama meliputi adaptasi lintas budaya berdasarkan ketentuan World Health Organization WHO , dilanjutkan uji validitas interna, reliabilitas interna dan reliabilitas test-retest pada 30 pasien epilepsi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tahap kedua adalah uji diagnostik. Hasil IQCODE-S dengan titik potong ge;3,19 dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebagai baku emas.Hasil. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi bahasa Indonesia didapatkan melalui proses adaptasi lintas budaya menurut WHO. Hasil uji validitas interna dengan korelasi Spearman didapatkan koefisien korelasi 0,382 hingga 0,778. Uji reliabilitas konsistensi interna dengan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha 0,854. Perbedaan nilai koefisien korelasi dan Cronbach rsquo;s Alpha antara pemeriksaan pertama dan retest menunjukkan reliabilitas test-retest yang baik. Dari 63 subyek uji diagnostik, proporsi MCI hasil pemeriksaan neuropsikologi sebanyak 87,3 . Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki sensitivitas 76,4 dan spesifisitas 87,5 . Kesimpulan. Kuesioner IQCODE-S versi Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menapis MCI. Dengan titik potong ge;3,19, IQCODE-S memiliki nilai akurasi yang tinggi tapi belum dapat menjadi alat skrining MCI di komunitas.Kata Kunci. MCI, IQCODE-S versi Indonesia, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji diagnostik.

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ABSTRACTMild cognitive impairment MCI is the most early clinical symptom from the progression stage of dementia which this stage can be prevented or fixed. Detection of MCI by using informant based report has many advantages compared with objective screening test. One of informant based tools is Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly short version IQCODE S . The aim of this study is to develop transcultural adaptation, validity and reliability test and diagnostic test with neuropsychological test of the IQCODE S.Method. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase included transcultural adaptation based on World Health Organization WHO standards, followed by internal validity test, internal reliability test and test retest in 30 elderly patients within their informants who fulfill the inclusion criteria. The second phase was diagnostic test, in which, IQCODE S, with cut off point ge 3,19,will be compared with Neuropsychological test as the gold standard examination for diagnosing MCI.Results. The Indonesian version of IQCODE S was obtained by transcultural adaptation based on WHO standards. Internal validity test with Spearman correlation obtained the correlation coefficient 0.38 to 0.778 Internal consistency reliability test with Cronbach rsquo s Alpha was 0.854. The difference of correlation coefficient and Cronbach rsquo s Alpha between the first and the retest showed good test retest reliability. Out of 63 of subjects of diagnostic test, the proportion of MCI using neuropsychological test was 87.3 . With cut off point 3,19, IQCODE S had sensitivity rate of 76,4 and specificity 87,5 .Conclusion. The Indonesian version of the the IQCODE S was proven to be valid and reliable, also was found to be accurate but there should be cut off point determination as screening test so sensitivity could be higher than specificity. Keywords. MCI, IQCODE S Indonesian version, validity and reliability test, diagnostic test. "

"ABSTRAKNama : Naila KarimaProgram Studi : Magister Epidemiologi Komunitas Judul : Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Kejadian Gangguan FungsiKognitif Ringan pada Lansia Puskesmas Kecamatan Cipayung Kota Depok Tahun 2017Pembimbing : Dr.dr.Helda, MKesDiabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI . MCI adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan yang mengacu pada keadaan transisipenuaan normal dan demensia dan tidak mengganggu aktivitas harian. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian gangguan kognitif ringanpada lansia di wilayah kerja puskesmas kecamatan Cipayung kota Depok. desain studi yangdigunakan adalah cross sectional menggunakan data primer dengan instrument MoCa-Inatervalidasi. Sampel berjumlah 272 pasien lanjut usia. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan coxregression. Hasil analisis data diperoleh prevalensi MCI sebesar 47,1 dan lansia dengan DMsebesar 17,3 . Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan MCI berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar pada lansiayang memiliki DM dibandingkan dengan lansia yang tidak memiliki DM setelah dikontrolvariabel hipertensi dan variabel interaksi DM dengan hipertensi PR=2,436 95 CI: 1,191-4,983 .Skrining deteksi dini MCI pada lansia dengan DM merupakan intervensi awal untukmencegah terjadinya demensia.Kata kunci:Diabetes mellitus DM , Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI , Lansia

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ABSTRACTName Naila KarimaStudy Program Magister of EpidemiologyTitle Association Between Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly with IncidentMild Cognitive Impairment in Cipayung Health, Center Depok City, 2017Counsellor Dr.dr.Helda,MKesDiabetes mellitus is a risk factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI . MCI is a transition phasebetween healthy cognitive aging and dementia. The purpose of this study is to determaine theassociation between diabetes mellitus in elderly with the incidence of MCI in Cipayung HealthCenter, Depok city. Study design was cross sectional using primary data with validated Montrealcognitive test for Indonesia MoCa Ina . Total sample of 272 elderly people age more than 60years old. cox regression analysis were applied in the research. The result of study showed theprevalence of MCI is 47,1 and elderly with DM is 17,3 . The result of multivariate analysisshowed the elderly people with diabetes mellitus probably had 2,4 risk to get MCI PR 2,43695 CI 1,191 4,983 than elderly with no diabetes after adjusted with hypertention andinteraction diabetes with hypertention variable. Screaning early detection of MCI in elderlywith diabetes mellitus is early intervention to prevent to dementia.Key words Diabetes mellitus DM , Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI , Elderly"

"Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang paling berpengaruh antara tinggi dan densitasmandibula, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama tidak bergigi dan pengalamanmemakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap hasil perawatan gigitiruan lengkap.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 92 subjek (55 laki-laki dan 37perempuan) berusia 45 tahun ke atas yang memakai gigi tiruan lengkap dan dibuat diRSGM FKG Universitas Indonesia. Subjek dipilih melalui consecutive samplingmethod dan diminta mengisi kuesioner PDA-ID 1 bulan pasca insersi gigi tiruanlengkap. 92 radiograf panoramik dari subjek tersebut digunakan untuk mengukurketinggian tulang (di regio anterior serta posterior mandibula) dan densitas mandibulamenggunakan metode Xie dan MCI (Mandibular Cortical Index). Uji intraobserver daninterobserver dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsistensi pengukuran tinggi dan densitastulang mandibula di antara 2 pengamat. Skor PDA-ID digunakan untuk mengukurkepuasan subjektif pada subjek dengan perbedaan kelompok usia, jenis kelamin,tingkat pendidikan, lama tidak bergigi dan pengalaman memakai gigi tiruansebelumnya.Hasil: Hasil uji intraobserver dan interobserver menunjukkan tidak terdapat variasipengukuran antar pengamat untuk tinggi mandibula (p>0,05) serta Kappa Valuedensitas mandibula = 0,78 tergolong baik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubunganbermakna pada tinggi tulang mandibula (p=0,000), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,013) danpengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya (p=0,000). Variabel yang dapat diolahkedalam analisis multivariat (p<0,250) yaitu tinggi mandibula (p=0,000), densitasmandibula (p=0,160), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,013), jenis kelamin (p=0,174), lamatidak bergigi (p=0,202) dan pengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya (p=0,000).Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada kepuasan pasienterhadap hasil perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap yaitu tinggi tulang mandibula di anterior(p=0,000). Pengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya merupakan faktor confoundingyang penting (selisih Odds Ratio = 30%).Kesimpulan: Tinggi tulang mandibula di anterior merupakan faktor yang palingberperan dalam kepuasan pasien terhadap hasil perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap.

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Objective: To analyze the most important factor affecting patients satisfactiontowards complete denture treatment with vertical heights and bone density of mandible,age, sex, education level, duration of edentulism, and denture experiences.Method : A-cross sectional study assessed the data of 92 subjects (55 men, 37 women),aged 45 years and older who wore complete denture constructed in Dental TeachingHospital Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. All participants selected throughconsecutive sampling methods were asked to complete the PDA-ID questionnaire at 1-month post complete denture insertion. 92 Panoramic radiograph of the subjects wereused in this study to evaluate the vertical heights (at the anterior and posterior ofmandible) and bone density of mandible using Xie methods and MCI (MandibularCortical Index). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability test for the heightmeasurement and bone density of mandible was assessed between two observer. PDAID score was compared between the patients with different age group, sex, educationlevel, duration of edentulism and previous denture experiences.Result: Intraobserver and interobserver reliability test show there were no significantdifference in vertical height measurement of mandible (p>0,05) and bone density ofmandible (Kappa Value=0,78) between two observer. Statistically, there weresignificant differences in patient satisfaction between different vertical heights ofmandible (p=0,000), education level (p=0,013) and previous denture experiences(p=0,000). Predictive factors could be included in multivariate analysis (p<0,250) werevertical heights of mandible (p=0,000), bone density of mandible (p=0,160), educationlevel (p=0,013), sex (p=0,174), duration of edentulism (p=0,202) and previous dentureexperiences (p=0,000). Multivariate analysis shows patients satisfaction with completedenture treatment was mostly affected by vertical heights of anterior mandible(p=0,000). Meanwhile, the previous denture experiences was contributed as animportant confounding factor (Odd Ratio difference = 30%).Conclusion:.Vertical height of the anterior mandible is a determinant factor affectingpatients satisfaction towards complete denture treatment."