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Abstrak :
Local Birocracy Performance on The Controlling and to Meassures Forest and Land Fires (Case Study : at Pontianak and Sambas Districts West Kalimantan Province) Forestry sectors has been playing important role on economics at West Kalimantan is 23,68% (BPS,2000). Forest in this province is categorized as protection forests, wildlife sanctuary, national park, limited production forest, production forest and converted areas, totally number 9,030 acre. Those natural resources is needs to be maintain and to preserve. Forest and land fires is one of the cause of deforestation, often resulting in loss on several dimensions:such as economics, environmental, ecological, and social. According to Directorate Protection of Forestry Department (1998) in 1997 26.590,36 acres forest and land were on fires.This number included production forest 23.811 acres, ,wildlife sanctuary 1,378 acres. At national level West Kalimantan was on the third rank largest areas loss due to fire. Local birocracy issued a policy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. The policy carried out through institutions that were inter-related local birocracy. Institutions whose have responsibilities and duties in solving and handling the fires problems. Nonetheles, those institutions have not perform optimal yet in controlling and to measures, as much as expected. Therefore we need to study the main cause of non optimal performance institutions on local birocracy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.This problem emerges research quoctions: In which inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? How does local birocracy perform in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? What are the component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan? The aim of this research are: Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. Local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. The component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan. This study refered to organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes, and facilities as supporting element on local birocracy performance. Input elements are organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. Those inputs later on became variables, which indicate local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. This research used survey method by using secondary data. Generally,this research used analytical descriptive methods and using ex post facto. In order to analyze raw data, this research used scaling techniques. Refers to goal achivement on each variables, the point of view of analysis is to know about performance of local birocracy at two districts; Pontianak and Sambas. The conclusions could be drawn from this research are: Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan. Local birocracy performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan in Pontianak districts categorized less succes; whereas at Sambas districts, performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan categorized not success and at Dinas Pertanian and Kehutanan less success in in controlling and to measures forest and land fires 3_ Component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. There are no decreasing number in forest and land fires and hotspots on 2002 mean vulnerability for forest and land fires in West Kalimantan province still high.

Abstrak :
Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan (KHL) di Propinsi Riau merupakan salah satu isu lingkungan hidup yang timbul akibat pelaksanaan pembangunan dan ekonomi yang cenderung dilakukan secara eksploitatif sehingga melupakan upaya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Kabupaten Bengkalis merupakan kabupaten yang setiap tahunnya mengalami polusi dari kabut asap yang ditimbulkan oleh KHL selama 2-3 bulan setiap tahunnya. Dari aspek ekonomi kerugian dari kabut asap tersebut meiiputi bukan hanya masalah hilangnya aset kekayaan tegakan hutan kayu, tetapi juga aspek ekologi sangat luas berupa hilangnya flora dan habitat satwa liar- Dampak negatif lain yang sangat menonjol adalah menurunnya kualitas udara yang menyebabkan gangguan daya pandang dan meningkatnya penderita penyakit saluran pernafasan sampai 2-3 kali lipat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa besar dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan karena kabut asap KHL dan berapa estimasi kerugian ekonomi yang ditimbulkan oleh dampak kesehatan tersebut. Jenis penelitian adalah studi ekologi yang memakai analisa korelasi dengan menggunakan data polutan Udara PMIO dan S02 yang diperoleh dari Air Quality Monitoring Station di Kecamatan Mandau, Kabupaten Bengkalis. Angka kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA), Asma Bronkiale dan Bronkitis diperoleh dari fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang terdapat di Kecamatan Mandau, data titik api (hotspot) sebagai penunjuk adanya KILL diperoleh dari Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta. Data yang diolah adalah data dari Januari tahun 2000 sampai Desember 2002. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, antara Hotspot dan PM 10 terdapat hubungan positif yang kuat dan bermakna. Analisis bivariat dengan uji regresi linier menghasilkan hubungan Prediksi dengan persamaan garis PM10 = 90,61 + 1,955 x Hotspot. Hubungan antara Hotspot dengan ISPA menunjukran hubungan sangat kuat dan bermakna yang dapat dijelaskan dengan persamaan gads ISPA = 723,685 + 60,046 x Hotspot. Hubungan antara PM14 dan ISPA mempunyai hubungan yang sedang dan bermakna yang dapat dijelaskan dengan persamaan garis prediksi LSPA = 359,471 + 6,488 x PM10. Dampak kesehatan masyarakat yang terbesar akibat kabut asap KHL di Kabupaten Bengkalis pada tahun 2002 adalah keterbatasan aktifitas harian yaitu sebesar 711.850 hari. Estimasi kerugian ekonomi akibat dampak kesehatan masyarakat sebesar Rp 98 milyar rupiah. Disimpulkan bahwa besarnya dampak kesehatan dan kerugian ekonomi yang ditimbulkan oleh kabut asap KHL ini merupakan estimasi rendah karena hanya menggunakan PM10 sebagai parameter pencemar, tanpa memperhitungkan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh polutan lain (misalnya NOx dan Dian) dan juga belum memperhitungkan kerugian penyakit jangka panjang karma polutan udara. Disarankan kepada Puskesmas di wilayah kerja Kabupaten Bengkalis agar melakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat mengenai dampak kesehatan yang ditimbulkan oleh KHL, berikut upaya yang harms dilakukan dalam mengantisipasi kualitas udara yang buruk Kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bengkalis agar melakukan perencanaan program antisipasi dampak kesehatan supaya masyarakat terlindung dari akibat kabut asap. Secara keseluruhan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkalis disarankan bertindak aktif dalam mengantisipasi dampak kesehatan akibat KHL secara teknis dan administratif. Daftar Pustaka: 45 (1982-2002)

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Community Health Impacts and Estimation of Economic Loss from Forest and Land Fires in the Regency of Bengkalis in 2002Forest and Land Fires (FLF) in Riau Province is one of the environmental issues that arise from the progressive and economical development which tends to be done exploitatively and thus overlook efforts to preserve the environment. Bengkalis regency is the regency that every year suffers from pollution of smoke haze which caused by FLF for as long as 2-3 months every year. The disadvantages are not only from the economical perspective that consist of loosing assets of forest lumber, but also ecologically of loosing flora and habitat of wild animals. Another implication which is very significant is the decrease of air quality which causes visual troubles and the risen of respiratory disease up to 2-3 times higher. The objectives of this are to find out how far does-the impact to health which arise from smoke haze of FLF and the estimation of economical loss which arise from that health implication. The type of this study is ecological study using correlation analysis through air pollutant data PM10 and S02 derived from Air Quality Monitoring Station in Mandan District, Regency of Bengkalis. Numbers of ISPA, Asthma Bronchiole and Bronchitis are attained from health service facilities in Mandau District, hot spot data as signs of FLF are attained from the Environment Head State Office in Jakarta The data which are processed are those from January 2000 to Desember 2002. The result of the study shows that, between hot spot and PM 10, is an important positive and significant relationship. Bivariance analysis with tinier regression test generates a prediction relationship with vector PM 10 = 90,61 + 1,955 x Hotspot The relationship between Hotspot and ISPA shows strong relationships and signified which describes with vector ISPA = 723,685 + 60,046 a Hotpot PM] 0 dengan ISPA has an intermediate significant relationship which could be shown with prediction vector ISPA = 359,471 + 6,488 i PM 10. Health impacts shows that the lack of daily activities which are foreseen to occur toward workers in Regency of Bengkalis as a result of smoke haze disaster and weather troubles is resulted 711.850 working days. The economical loss estimation is costing Rp 98 billion. It is concluded that health impacts and economical loss initiated by this FLF smoke haze is a low estimation because it merely uses PM]0 as a polluted parameter, without considering the effect of other pollutants (e.g. NOx and Qzon) and also yet to estimate the impacts of long term disease of air pollutant. Based on the result of this study, Health Centers in the working environment of Bengkalis Regency are advised to make extensions to the community concerning health impacts caused by FLF, along with the efforts to be made in anticipation to the terrible air quality. Head of the Health Board in Bengkalis Regency is advised to make planning for an anticipated health implication program so that the community would be protected against the smoke haze. As a whole, the Regional Government in Bengkalis Regency is advised to make active measures in anticipating health impacts by FLF, technically and administratively. References: 45 (1982-2002)

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas tentang respon negara tetangga yang terkena dampak kabut asap akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 1997-1998. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, banyaknya kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi pada masa Orde Baru disebabkan oleh pengelolaan hutan yang mengedepankan pembangunan ekonomi. Untuk kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1997-1998 hanya dijelaskan mengenai dampak berupa kerugian ekonomi dan ekologis. Sementara dalam penelitian ini, akan berfokus pada dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1997-1998 berupa pencemaran kabut asap lintas batas mengganggu aktivitas negara tetangga, yaitu Malaysia dan Singapura. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat bahwa permasalahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan Indonesia tahun 1997-1998 menjadi satu bencana nasional yang sulit dituntaskan oleh Indonesia sendiri. Singapura dan Malaysia sebagai negara tetangga yang terkena dampak dari kabut asap memberikan respon agar masalah ini dapat ditangani dalam skala regional, sehingga kebakaran hutan dan lahan tahun 1997-1998 menjadi salah satu awal mula kesadaran Asia Tenggara untuk menetapkan regulasi baru atas satu permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan lintas batas, khususnya pada pencemaran udara. Pada penulisan artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode sejarah. Artikel ini menggunakan data yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur berupa dokumen pemerintah, koran, buku, dan publikasi jurnal.

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This paper discusses the response of neighboring countries affected by haze due to forest and land fires that occurred Indonesia in 1997-1998. In previous studies, the number of cases of forest and land fires that occurred during the New Order was caused by forest management which prioritized economic development. For forest and land fires 1997-1998 only explained the impact of economic and ecological losses. While in this study will focus on the impact of forest and land fires 1997-1998 in the form of cross-border smoke pollution disrupting the activities of neighboring countries, such as Singapore and Malaysia. The results of this study found that the problems of Indonesian forest and land fires in 1997-1998 became a national disaster that was difficult to solve by Indonesia itself. Singapore and Malaysia as neighboring countries affected by the haze responded to this problem in a regional scale, so that forest and land fires in 1997-1998 became one of the beginnings of Southeast Asian awareness to establish new regulations on a cross-environmental pollution problem, especially on air pollution. This article uses historical methods and data obtained through literature studies from newspapers, books, and journal publications.

Abstrak :
Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan fenomena alam yang terus berulang di semua wilayah berhutan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan sejarahnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan mempengaruhi kerentanan sosial masyarakat sekitarnya. Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang memiliki tingkat hotspot tertinggi di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wilayah rentan sosial di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir terhadap wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dianalisis dari beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor iklim, faktor bahan bakar, dan faktor antropogenik. Untuk menganalisis kerentanan sosial, indikator yang digunakan adalah kepadatan penduduk, penyandang disabilitas, dan penduduk miskin. Dalam menentukan wilayah bahaya dan wilayah rentan sosial digunakan metode weighted overlay, kemudian dari kedua hasil pemodelan tersebut dilakukan pengolahan kembali dengan metode overlay untuk menganalisis wilayah rentan sosial terhadap wilayah bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir didominasi oleh tingkat bahaya dan kerentanan sedang. Wilayah rentan terhadap bahaya didominasi oleh tingkat sedang, terdapat tiga kecamatan yang memiliki kerentanan sosial terhadap wilayah bahaya dengan tingkat tinggi. ......Forest and land fires are natural phenomena that keep recurring in all forested areas in Indonesia. Based on its history, it can be concluded that forest and land fires affect the social and economic vulnerability of the surrounding community. Ogan Komering Ilir Regency is one of the regencies that has the highest hotspot rate in South Sumatra Province. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic vulnerable areas in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency against forest and land fire hazard areas. Forest and land fire hazard areas were analyzed from several factors, namely climatic factors, emission factors, and anthropogenic factors. To analyze socioeconomic vulnerability, the indicators used are population density, persons with disabilities, and the poor. In determining the hazard area and the socio-economic vulnerable area, the weighted overlay method is used, then from the two modeling results, reprocessing is carried out with overlay to analyze the socio-economic vulnerable area to the forest and land fire hazard area. The results showed that Ogan Komering Ilir Regency was dominated by moderate levels of hazard and vulnerability. Areas prone to hazards are dominated by moderate levels, there are three sub-districts that have a high level of social vulnerability to hazard areas.