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Abstrak :
Background: we aimed to systematically review all relevant studies related to the risk factors and laboratory test results associated with severe illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: we utilised PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect and MedRxiv to search for studies, with additional hand searched journals. We included systematic reviews/meta-analyses, cohort and case control studies of suspected and/or confirmed COVID-19 cases with severe illness and/or mortality as outcomes. We included laboratory test results and risk factors. We assessed risk of bias using ROBIS-I and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment tool. Type of study, risk of bias, and precision of results determined evidence sufficiency. Results: of 26 records included, sufficient evidence suggested the association between age >60 years, hypertension, coronary heart disease, DM, serum LDH 250-500 U/L, LDH >500 U/L, and lymphopenia (lymphocyte count ≤1.0 x 109 /L) and severe illness of COVID-19. CD3+CD8+ cell count ≤ 75 cell/μl, D-dimer > 1 mg/L, AKI stage 2 and 3, proteinuria ≥1+, hematuria ≥1+, and peak serum creatinine > 13.26 μmol/L are associated with mortality. Conclusion: age >60 years, hypertension, DM, and coronary heart disease are the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19. Laboratory test results associated with severe illness are serum LDH 250-500 U/L, LDH >500 U/L, and lymphopenia, whereas test results associated with mortality are CD3+CD8+ cell count ≤ 75 cell/μl, AKI stage 2 and 3, proteinuria ≥1+, hematuria ≥1+, D-dimer > 1 mg/L, peak serum creatinine > 13.26 μmol/L.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis TB adalah penyakit yang masih merupakan masalah global dan dapat melibatkan seluruh organ, termasuk organ-organ gastrointestinal. Insidensi dan angka kesakitan dari TB abdomen terus meningkat pada dekade terakhir, namun penegakkan diagnosa TB abdominal seringkali menemui kendala.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dengan menggunakkan rekam medis penderita dengan diagnosa TB abdomen yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat RSUP Fatmawati periode Januari 2011 hingga Desember 2013.Hasil: Ada 48 pasien, dengan kisaran umur 1-85 tahun, dengan pasien perempuan lebih banyak rasio laki-laki banding perempuan= 1:1,4 . Mayoritas pasien berkisar antar usia 25-44 tahun 47,9 , dengan keluhan utama tersering adalah nyeri abdomen. Hanya 15 penderita 31,25 yang memiliki gambaran rontgen TB paru. Sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan hasil yang cukup beragam. Kesimpulan: Mendiagnosis TB abdominal masih sering terkendala karena tidak adanya keluhan dan gejala yang khas serta tidak ada pemeriksaan penunjang yang memiliki nilai diagnostik yang tinggi. Sehingga, kombinasi dari anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, serta pemeriksaan penunjang diperlukan untuk dapat menegakkan diagnosa TB abdomen.Kata kunci: TB abdomen, gambaran klinis

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ABSTRACT
Introduction Abdominal Tuberculosis TB is a global burden and can infect many organs, including gastrointestinal organs. There has been an increase in the incidence and morbidity rate of abdominal TB. However, there are still some hurdles in diagnosis abdominal TB.Methods This study is a descriptive cross sectional study using medical records of patients diagnosed with abdominal TB that are hospitalized in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo and RSUP Fatmawati from January 2011 to December 2013.Results There was a total of 48 patients included in this study whose age ranges from 1 85 years old, and predominantly were female male to female ratio 1 1,4 . Majority of the patients were in 25 44 years old 47,9 with the most common chief complaint was abdominal pain. Only 15 patients 31,25 had radiographical findings suggestive of pulmonary TB. Laboratory tests results were varied.Conclusion Diagnosing abdominal TB is often difficult due to the wide array of signs and symptoms, and also the unavailability of auxillary examinations with high diagnostic value. Therefore, a combination of anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations are needed to diagnose abdominal TB.Keywords Abdominal TB, clinical presentation

Abstrak :
This book presents the development of optimization platform for geotechnical engineering which is one of the key components in smart geotechnics. The book discusses the fundamentals of the optimization algorithm with constitutive models of soils. Helping readers easily understand the optimization algorithm applied in geotechnical engineering, this book first introduces the methodology of the optimization-based parameter identification, and then elaborates the principle of three newly developed efficient optimization algorithms, followed by the ideas of a variety of laboratory tests and formulations of constitutive models. Moving on to the application of optimization methods in geotechnical engineering, this book presents an optimization-based parameter identification platform with a practical and concise interface based on the above theories. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate-level teaching in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering and other related engineering specialties. It is also of use to industry practitioners, due to the inclusion of real-world applications, opening the door to advanced courses on both modeling and algorithm development within the industrial engineering and operations research fields.