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Abstrak :
Diskriminasi suku bunga kredit berdasarkan jumlah pinjamannya merupakan praktik umum yang dilakukan oleh bank untuk memaksimalkan laba. Konsenterasi pasar yang tinggi memungkinkan bank yang memiliki kekuatan monopoli untuk meningkatkan suku bunga kredit. Tes ekonometri dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kondisi konsenterasi pasar perbankan umum konvensional di Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan praktik diskriminasi suku bunga kredit tersebut dan menganalisis hubungan karakteristik bank serta perubahan kondisi makroekonomi (BI rate, PDB, dan inflasi) terhadap diskriminasi suku bunga kredit selama periode 2013-2016. Adapun metode untuk mengukur konsenterasi pasar yaitu menggunakan metode pendekatan struktural (Herfindahl Hirschman Index) dan pendekatan non struktural (Panzar Rosse Statistik). Hasil test dengan menggunakan model random effect memberikan informasi bahwa konsenterasi pasar perbankan merupakan pasar monopolistik yang tidak seimbang sehingga berpotensi adanya kelompok bank sebagai price leader dalam menentukan harga dan non harga di pasar. ......Lending rate discrimination based on the amount of the loan is a common practice undertaken by banks to maximize profits. High consentration market allow banks with monopoly power to increase lending rates. An econometric test is proposed to estimate the condition of conventional banking market in Indonesia and its relationship with the discriminatory practice of the lending interest rate and to analyze the relationship of shock macroeconomic condition change (BI rate, GDP and inflation) to the lending rate discrimination during 2013-2016 period. The method for measuring market consentation is using structural approach method (Herfindahl Hirschman Index) and non structural approach (Panzar Rosse Statistic). The result of the test using random effect model gives information that banking market consenteration is an unbalanced monopolistic market so that potentially there is bank group as price leader in determining price and non price in marke.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai pengharuh tingkat kompetisi pasar terhadap risiko sistemik pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di pasar modal di negara Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Thailand, dan Vietnam pada tahun 2005-2018. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup 798 observasi yang melibatkan 57 perusahaan dalam waktu 14 tahun. Pengujian hipotesis guna menentukan pengaruh tingkat kompetisi pasar terhadap risiko sistemik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode regresi data panel fixed-effect dan random-effect. Hasil penelitian berikut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kompetisi (Lerner Index, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, H-Statistic, Boone Indicator, 5-Concentration Ratio, dan Net Interest Margin) yang rendah akan diikuti dengan paparan risiko sistemik (Systemic Risk Index dan Long Run Marginal Expected Shortfall) yang semakin meningkat.

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ABSTRACT Bank Competition and Systemic Risk have become long-debated research issues among researchers. Researchers are trying to continue to explicate the impact of bank competition on bank systemic risk. In this paper, we examine the empirical relationship between competition and systemic risk by using the case of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philipine, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam regional banking system in 2005-2018. We find that competition proxies tend to escalate the regional-wide banking systemic risk. We demonstrate the hypothesis testing regarding the impact of competition on banking systemic risk by using fixed-effect panel and random-effect panel regression model.

Abstrak :
Studi ini bertujuan melakukan pengujian pengaruh loan portfolio diversification terhadap bank stability dengan moderasi variabel market concentration pada bank BUKU III dan BUKU IV yang terdaftar di BEI. Digunakan data berupa Audited Annual Review bank umum pada periode tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2019. Digunakan metode analisis regresi data panel, dengan bank stability menggunakan pengukuran Z-Score, loan portfolio diversification indeks Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) dan market concentration menggunakan indeks Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) dan Concentration Ratio (CR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa loan portfolio diversification yang dilakukan bank memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap bank stability namun market concentration tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap stabilitas bank. Penelitian ini juga mencatat bahwa market concentration berpengaruh signifikan dalam memoderasi pengaruh loan portofolio diversification terhadap bank stability. Keterbatasan penelitian dapat dikembangkan pada penelitian selanjutnya dengan melakukan penelitian tentang loan portfolio diversification terhadap skala usaha (besar, menengah dan kecil) yang mempunyai risiko yang berbeda terhadap kestabilan bank. Kontribusi penelitian ini ditujukan bagi sektor perbankan dan regulator perbankan, dan dapat mewaspadai pemberian alokasi kredit yang tidak berimbang pada satu sektor tertentu dapat mengganggu stabilitas bank dan tentu saja stabilitas perekonomian suatu negara terutama yang sistem keuangannya dinominasi sektor perbankan. ......This study aims to examine the effect of loan portfolio diversification on bank stability by moderating the market concentration variable in Bank BUKU III and IV listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used were commercial bank audited financial report data for the study period 2013 to 2019. We used panel data regression analysis with the measurement of banking stability using Z-score and loan portfolio diversification using the Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) index and market concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) index and the Concentration Ratio (CR). The results revealed that the loan portfolio diversification carried out by banks had a significant effect on bank stability, but market concentration did not have a significant effect on bank stability. We noted that market concentration had a significant effect in moderating the effect of loan portfolio diversification on bank stability. Research limitations can be developed in further research by conducting research on loan portfolio diversification to business scales (large, medium and small) which have different risks to bank stability. The contribution of this research is aimed at the banking sector and banking regulators, and meant to pay attention to the provision of unbalanced credit allocations in one particular sector that can disrupt bank stability and obviously the economic stability of a country, especially where the financial system is dominated by the banking sector.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAKbr Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari struktur pasar perbankan terhadap profitabilitas dan stabilitas bank terkait rencana integrasi sektor perbankan ASEAN yang merupakan salah satu cetak biru dari Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA). Dalam mengukur struktur pasar perbankan digunakan pangsa pasar bank {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis} dan konsentrasi pasar perbankan {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypothesis}. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bank komersial yang terdaftar di pasar bursa saham negara ASEAN 4, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Filipina pada periode 2009- 2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan RMP Hypothesis berlaku di perbankan ASEAN dalam mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank, namun tidak berlaku di Thailand dan Filipina. Di Indonesia SCP Hypothesis berlaku dominan dalam menentukan profitabilitas bank. Lain halnya dengan Malaysia, Efficiency Hypothesis mengonfirmasi hubungan pangsa pasar, konsentrasi pasar, dan profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa konsentrasi pasar perbankan berpengaruh negatif terhadap stabilitas bank pada perbankan ASEAN, Thailand dan Filipina. Hal tersebut mendukung konsep Concentration Fragility. Lain halnya dengan Indonesia dan Malaysia, konsetrasi pasar perbankan membuat bank lebih tidak stabil. Sehingga hal tersebut mendukung Concentration Stability. Penemuan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah bank dengan pangsa pasar besar/ukuran besar dan permodalan kuat membuat bank dapat bersaing terkait rencana integrasi sektor perbankan ASEAN. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan marger dan akuisisi, khususnya untuk Indonesia.;This study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure on bank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integration plan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bank market share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking market concentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This research also utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stock exchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphine for 2009 ? 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMP Hypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but it does not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesis dominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on the other hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration, and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking market concentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks, Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On the contrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentration leads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supports Concentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that high market share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win the competition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. This achievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially for Indonesia banks.;This study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure on bank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integration plan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bank market share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking market concentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This research also utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stock exchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphine for 2009 ? 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMP Hypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but it does not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesis dominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on the other hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration, and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking market concentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks, Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On the contrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentration leads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supports Concentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that high market share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win the competition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. This achievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially for Indonesia banks., This study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure on bank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integration plan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bank market share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking market concentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This research also utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stock exchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphine for 2009 – 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMP Hypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but it does not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesis dominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on the other hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration, and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking market concentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks, Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On the contrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentration leads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supports Concentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that high market share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win the competition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. This achievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially for Indonesia banks.]

Abstrak :
Bank BTN Syariah dan Bank Muamalat memiliki rencana untuk melakukan merger. Rencana merger tersebut tentunya akan semakin menguatkan industri perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan memiliki bank baru yang berskala besar. Penelitian ini menghitung nilai valuasi bagi Bank BTN Syariah dan Bank Muamalat. Penelitian ini juga menghitung nilai sinergi yang timbul dan juga melihat potensi sinergi usaha apabila kedua bank melakukan merger. Metode perhitungan valuasi menggunakan Discounted Cash Flow – Free Cash Flow to Equity (DCF-FCFE) ditambah dengan simulasi Monte Carlo untuk melihat rentang valuasi yang tercipta. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini juga melihat efek pada konsentrasi pasar yang terjadi setelah adanya merger menggunakan Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI). Nilai valuasi bagi Bank BTN Syariah adalah sebesar Rp6,90 Triliun sementara Bank Muamalat sebesar Rp3,17 Triliun. Sehingga total nilai valuasi penggabungannya adalah 10,07 Triliun. Dengan menghitung nilai sinergi, didapatkan bahwa nilai valuasi bagi kedua bank setelah penggabungan adalah sebesar Rp10,44 Triliun atau terjadi nilai sinergi sebesar Rp369 Miliar. Ditemukan bahwa terjadi kenaikan pada tingkat konsentrasi pasar pada industri perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Namun peningkatan tersebut masih dalam level yang diwajarkan dan tidak dianggap memiliki potensi terjadinya praktik monopoli. ...... The merger plan between Bank BTN Syariah and Bank Muamalat is expected to further strengthen the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia by creating a new large-scale bank. This study calculates the valuation for Bank BTN Syariah and Bank Muamalat, as well as assesses the synergies and potential synergy benefits resulting from the merger. Valuation is conducted using the Discounted Cash Flow – Free Cash Flow to Equity (DCF-FCFE) method, supplemented with Monte Carlo simulation to determine the valuation range. Additionally, this study examines the impact on market concentration post-merger using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI). The valuation for Bank BTN Syariah is Rp6.90 trillion, while Bank Muamalat is Rp3.17 trillion, resulting in a total combined valuation of Rp10.07 trillion. By calculating synergy value, the post-merger valuation for both banks is Rp10.44 trillion, indicating a synergy value of Rp369 billion. It is found that market concentration in the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia increases post-merger, but remains within acceptable levels and does not pose a risk of monopolistic practices.

Abstrak :
Setiap perusahaan mempunyai anggaran untuk kegiatan pemasaran. Belanja iklan dan promosi berkontribusi signifikan dalam beban pemasaran. Jumlah signifikan ini menarik perhatian bagi shareholder tentang bagaimana perusahaan mengkonversikan belanja iklannya menjadi nilai perusahaan. Dengan demikian penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruhbelanja iklan, konsentrasi pasar, ukuran dan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel mediasi. Objek penelitian ini yaituperusahaan consumer goodsdi Bursa Efek Indonesiayang dipilih melalui teknikpurposive samplingpada periode 2011-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja iklan berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas dan nilai perusahaan, sementara konsentrasi pasar tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dan nilai perusahaan. Adapun ukuran dan leverage berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan nilai perusahaan. ......Each company has budget for marketing activities. Advertising spending and promotions contributed significantly in marketing expenses. This significant amount attracted the attentionof shareholders about how the company is converting the spend into the firm value. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of advertising spending, market concentration, size and leverage on firm value with profitability as a mediating variable. The object of this research that the consumer goods company in Indonesia Stock Exchange were selected through purposive sampling technique in the period of 2011 2015. The results showed that advertising spending positively affects the profitability and firm value, while market concentration has no effect on the profitability and firm value. Firm size and leverage have significant effect on profitability and firm value.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh kompetisi dan konsentrasi pasar perbankan terhadap X-efficiency bank umum konvensional di Indonesia selama periode 2005 sampai dengan 2014 dengan menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) one-step regression. Data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 102 bank umum konvensional Indonesia selama periode 2005-2014. Hasilnya adalah X-efficiency bank umum konvensional di Indonesia secara rata-rata menurun dari tahun ke tahun selama periode penelitian. Hasilnya, kompetisi memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap X-efficiency, sedangkan konsentrasi pasar perbankan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap X-efficiency. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi kompetisi perbankan, maka akan membuat X-efficiency bank menjadi menurun. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi konsentrasi pasar perbankan akan meningkatkan X-efficiency bank. Oleh karena itu, hasil dari penelitian ini mendukung Information Gathering Hypothesis (IGH). ......This paper examine the effect of banking competition and banking market concentration on Bank X-efficiency during the period 2005 to 2014 by using one-step regression Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). This paper uses 102 conventional commercial bank Indonesia data during the period 2005-2014. The result is the competition has a negative effect on the X-efficiency, whereas the concentration of the banking market concentration has a positive influence on X-efficiency. So it can be concluded that the higher banking competition will make the X-efficiency of banks decreases. Conversely, the higher the concentration of the banking market will increase the X-efficiency of banks. Therefore, the results of this study support the Information Gathering Hypothesis (IGH).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh konsentrasi pasar jasa audit terhadap kualitas audit. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 2.578 tahun perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2008 sampai dengan 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengukuran kualitas audit absolute diskresioner dan abnormal working capital accrual. Konsentrasi pasar jasa audit diukur dengan Herfindhal Index berdasarkan jumlah aset klien KAP dan jumlah klien KAP. Konsentrasi pasar jasa audit yang diukur dengan jumlah aset klien KAP tidak memberikan hasil yang signifikan, namun konsentrasi pasar jasa audit berdasarkan jumlah klien KAP memberikan hasil yang negatif signifikan. Absolute diskresioner dan abnormal working capital accrual memiliki hubungan yang terbalik dengan kualitas audit. Sehingga semakin tinggi konsentrasi pasar jasa audit maka absolute diskresioner dan abnormal working capital accrual semakin menurun sehingga kualitas audit akan meningkat karena adanya pemahaman yang lebih baik atas industri tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan regulator dapat mendorong KAP untuk meningkatkan spesialisasinya sehingga dapat mendorong kualitas audit yang baik.

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ABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of market audit market concentration on audit quality. This study using 2.578 firm year non financial companies listed in Indonesia in 2008 2015. This study uses absolute discresioner accrual and abnormal working capital as measurement of audit quality. Audit market concentration is calculated by Herfindhal Index based in the total of clients rsquo s assets and the number of clients rsquo s the public accounting firm KAP . Audit market concentration with total assets of client did not give a significant result, meanwhile audit market concentration with number of clients give a negative significant result. Absolute discresioner accrual and abnormal working capital has an inverse relationship with audit quality. Higher audit market concentration so absolute diskresioner and abnormal working capital accrual will decrease then increase an audit quality because theres is a better understanding the nature of industry. Based on the results of this study, the regulator is expected to encourage KAP to improve its specialization so as to encourage good audit quality.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak diversifikasi pinjaman, konsentrasi pasar, dan efek interaksi antara diversifikasi pinjaman dan konsentrasi pasar terhadap stabilitas keuangan bank di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencakup 62 bank umum di Indonesia dengan data tahunan periode 2010-2017. Dengan menggunakan teknik regresi panel dengan model Fixed Effect – Generalized Least Squares, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi portofolio pinjaman memengaruhi stabilitas keuangan bank. Namun, konsentrasi pasar tidak signifikan memengaruhi stabilitas keuangan bank. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas bank yang melakukan diversifikasi dapat berbeda pada pasar terkonsentrasi dan pada pasar yang kurang terkonsentrasi. ......This research aims to investigate the impact of loan diversification, market concentration, and the interaction effect of loan diversification and market concentration on banks’ financial stability in Indonesia. The observation includes 62 commercial banks from Indonesia with annual data period of 2010-2017. By employing panel regression technique with Fixed Effect – Generalized Least Squares models, the findings suggest that loan portfolio diversification influenced bank’s financial stability. However, market concentration does not significantly affect the bank’s financial stability. The results of this study also indicate that the stability of diversifying banks may differ in concentrated markets and in less concentrated markets.