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"Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat pada umumnya adalah penyakit/kelainan pada jaringan penyangga gigi (periodontal diseases) dan karies gigi. Kedua penyakit tersebut menimbulkan gangguan fungsi kunyah yang menyebabkan terganggunya penyerapan dan pencernaan makanan, selain itu juga gigi gangren (busuk) merupakan fokal infeksi yang menimbulkan penyakit pada organ tubuh lainnya. Proporsi karies pada anak sekolah di Kabupaten Bandung yaitu 56,78%. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian karies aktif pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang tercatat di posyandu wilayah kerja puskesmas mohamad Ramdan di Kota Bandung. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampai Mei di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mohammad Ramdan Kota Bandung Tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 289 orang, pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara Systematic Random Sampling . Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Dari hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden yang mempunyai tingkat kebersihan mulut yang buruk berisiko 2 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang mempunyai kebersihan mulut yang baik (95% CI : 1,20 - 3,33), responden yang mempunyai kebiasaan minum susu dalam botol menjelang tidur mempunyai risiko 1,74 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan minum susu botol menjelang tidur (95% CI : 1,05 - 2,88), responden yang tidak mempunyai kebiasaan menyikat gigi setiap 30 menit setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur mempunyai risiko 2,29 kali untuk mempunyai tingkat karies tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang mempunyai kebiasaan menyikat gigi setiap 30 menit setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur (95% CI : 1,35 - 3,88). Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya karies gigi pada anak adalah perlu diadakannya program UKGS (Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah) ditingkat pendidikan taman kanak-kanak agar pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin.

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Teeth and mouth disease became a public health problem in general is a disease / disorder in the network buffer teeth (periodontal diseases) and dental caries. Both these diseases cause disturbances that can affect chewing function of the absorption and digestion of food, while also dental gangrene (decay) is the focal infections that cause disease in other organs. The proportion of caries in school children in Bandung Regency is 56.78%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with active caries incidence in children aged 3-5 years was recorded in the working area of the neighborhood health center clinic in Bandung Mohamad Ramdan. The experiment was conducted from February to May in the Working Area Health Center Mohammad Ramdan city of Bandung in 2010. This study uses cross sectional design. The number of samples in this study as many as 289 people, sampling was done by Systematic Random Sampling. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis, bivariate and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression.

From the results of multivariate analysis showed that respondents who had poor oral hygiene level of risk for two times to have a high level of caries compared with respondents who have good oral hygiene (95% CI: 1.20 to 3.33), respondents who have the habit of drinking milk in a bottle at bedtime had a risk 1.74 times to have a high level of caries compared with respondents who do not have the habit of drinking milk bottle at bedtime (95% CI: 1.05 to 2.88), respondents who did not have a habit of brushing teeth every 30 minutes after breakfast and before bed have 2.29 times the risk for having high levels of caries compared with respondents who have the habit of brushing teeth every 30 minutes after breakfast and before bed (95% CI: 1.35 to 3, 88). Efforts to prevent the occurrence of dental caries in children is necessary holding UKGS programs (Health Enterprises Dental School) education level, kindergarten to dental and oral disease prevention can be done as early as possible."

"Latar Belakang: Protein merupakan komponen utama yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jaringan tubuh. Protein terdiri dari protein hewani dan nabati. Protein hewani terdapat dalam ikan, daging, dan telur. Defisiensi protein hewani dapat menyebabkan karies akibat menurunnya sistem pertahanan tubuh, atropi kelenjar saliva, serta adanya risiko kelainan struktur email gigi. Gigi molar satu permanen merupakan gigi yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai status kesehatan gigi anak karena memiliki anatomi pit dan fissure yang dalam, dan gigi tersebut erupsi pada usia dimana anak sering mengkonsumsi makanan manis. Usia 8 – 9 tahun dipilih karena pada usia tersebut gigi molar satu permanen telah erupsi dan gigi tersebut telah terpapar selama 2- 3 tahun di dalam rongga mulut, serta pada usia tersebut membutuhkan asupan nutrisi yang baik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 orang, yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen. Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani yaitu Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi molar satu permanen menggunakan skor International Caries Detection and Assesment System (ICDAS).Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar satu permanen anak usia 8-9 tahun adalah 1,8% bebas karies, 63,3% karies email, dan 34,9% karies dentin-pulpa. Hubungan frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies menunjukkan hubungan tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat.

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Background : Protein is the main component that have a role in body tissue’s growth and development. Protein consists of animal protein and plant protein. Animal protein can be found in fish, meat and egg. Protein deficiency can increase caries risk because of decreased immune system, salivary gland atrophy, and abnormalities of enamel structure. First permanent molar is a teeth that can be used to assess children’s oral health because it is more susceptible to caries than any other teeth. This tooth is susceptible to caries because it has deep pit & fissure anatomy and erupts at the age where children consume sweet food more often. Children aged 8 – 9 years is chosen because the first permanent is exposed long enough to oral environment and needed good nutrition for growth.

Aim: To analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries on children aged 8 – 9 years in Central Jakarta.

Method: This study design is cross sectional. Total research subject is 109 people that is chosen by purposive sampling method. The variables that are used in this research aim to analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries. Questionnaire that is used to assess the consumption frequency is Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and clinical examination to assess severity of first permanent molar caries uses International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score.

Result: This research shows first permanent molar caries frequency as follows; 1,8% free caries, 63,3% enamel caries, and 34,9% dentin-pulp caries. The correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and caries does not show any significant correlation (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries in children aged 8 – 9 tahun in Central Jakarta."

"Peningkatan prevalensi karies gigi terutama disebabkan karena adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam pola makan dari makanan berserat menjadi makanan mudah melekat pada permukaan gigi. Bila seseorang malas untuk membersihkan giginya setelah makan makanan yang manis dan lengket, maka sisa-sisa makanan tersebut akan diubah menjadi asam oleh bakteri yang terdapat dalam mulut, kemudian dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya karies gigi. Menurut Matram (2007), berdasarkan SKRT 2004, penyebab tingginya prevalensi karies hanya sedikit orang Indonesia mengerti cara menyikat gigi benar (10%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh kebiasaan menyikat gigi terhadap status pengalaman karies dengan menganalisis data Rriskesdas 2007. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat 198.023 responden berusia 35 tahun ke atas yang diperiksa giginya Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia tahun 2007. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik responden, responden yang mempunyai gigi yang sehat, DMF-T = 0 adalah hanya 11,76 % dan responden yang mengalami kerusakan gigi atau DMF-T
1 adalah sebanyak 88,24%. Prevalensi pengalaman karies paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok umur 65 tahun ke atas yaitu 96,51%. Pada kelompok yang menyikat gigi 1x/hari 1,063 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibanding sikat gigi 2x/hari. Kelompok yang jarang menyikat gigi 1,23 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibandingkan yg sikat gigi 2x/hari. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Sebaiknya masyarakat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan rajin menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari yaitu setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam untuk dapat mengurangi terjadinya karies gigi.

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Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries.;Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries."

"Fluor adalah senyawa an organik yang banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yaitu tcrdapat pada makanan seperti ikan salmon dan teri jengki, pada minuman seperti teh dan susu dan pasta gigi yang mengandlmg fluor. Cara mengkonsumsi fluor yaitu secara sistemik artinya melalui makanan dan minuman, secara topical aplikasi (pengolesan fluor pada permukaan gigi), kumur-kumur dengan air yang mengandung fluor dan pemakaian pasta gigi yang mengandung fluor. Fluor dalam air dengan konsentrasi cukup atau memenuhi syarat (0,05-O,5)ppm dapat menoegah karies gigi. Para ahli berpendapat bahwa fluor adalah unsur yang penting dalam pembentukan tulang dan gigi. Karies gigi adalah penyakit yang disebabkan olch banyak faktor, faktor utama yaitu interaksi antara mikroorganisme (streptoccocus mutans), gigi dan saliva, karbohidrat dan waktu. Falctor lain yang ikut berkontribusi diantaranya kandungan fluor dalam air yang dikonsumsi. Prevalensi karies gigi siswa SD di kota Bandung tahun 2004 adalah 80%, dan survei yang dilakukan olch PPKGM kota Bandung tahun 2002, diremukan angka DMF-T (indeks karies gigi) pada siswa kelas 6 SD yaitu 1,6 dengan prcvalensi karies sebesar 88%. Dengan demikian tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kandungan fluor dalam air yang dikonsumsi siswa SD dengan karies gigi (DMF-T). Untuk melihat hubungan antara kandungan fluor dalam air yang dikonsumsi siswa SD dengan penyakit karies gigi digunakan studi cross sectional/potong lintang. Populasi studi adalah siswa SD kota Bandung dan sample 200 siswa. berumur I0-I2 tahun yang tersebar secara acak di 40 SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka lcandungan fluor air yang dikonsumsi adalah 0,33 ppm dan rata-rata angka DMF-T adalah l,49. Didapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kandungan fluor dalam air yang dikonsumsi untuk minum dan berkumur dengan penyakit karics gigi (DMF-T). Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya iluor yang memenuhi syarat untuk dikonsumsi dan melakukan kegiatan kumur-kumur dengan larutan fluor di Sekolah Dasar, serta melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menelitj hubungan konsumsi fluor dalam air secara sitemik atau melalui kumur-kumur dengan larutan fluor, dengan penyakit karies gigi.

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The Association fluorides contain in drinking water and rinsing water with caries in elemtery school students at Bandung in 2006 Fluor is an oraganic compound which resent in daily lifes for example in food eg: salmon, teri jengki, tea and milk, tooth-pastes with fluor. Flour consuming method is present systemically sistematicelly, which means through foods and drink, application topicaly (lubricating tluor on tooth surface), rinse water wich countainaing fluor, tooth paste with oountaining fluor. Fluor that countaining in water with sufhcient consentration (0,05-0,5)ppm could protect caries.The research have a conclution that fluor is very important for the bone and tooth.

Dental caries is a kind of disease wich cause by so many factors, the mainly factor are interaction between microorganism (streptococcus mutans ), teeth and saliva, carbohydrate and time. Other factor that contribution of flour substance in consumed waters. Dental caries prevalens of elementary shool students at Bandung in 2004 is 80%, the reseach was done PPKGM Bandung in 2002 is was found that the DMF-T nd value for 6? grade elementary school is 1,6 with prevalensi caries 88%. The purpose of the reseach is have a result association the fluor countain in water wich consumed of elementary school with dental caries (DMF-T).

To have a result association between fluor contains of elementary school students with dental caries was using Cross Sectional method. Study populations are elementary school students (SD) Bandung with 200 sample for the students with ages 10 - 12 years old, Distributed randomly on 40 SD locations of SD randomly selected. This reseach shows that the value of fluor containing of water that consume is 0,33 ppm and DMF-T score is l,49. It's fotmd association tluor contain in water that consuming for drink and rinse with dental caries (DMF-T).

A suggestion has to be giving to Health Departement for conseling about the very important tluor to be consume and doing a rinsc activity with fluor contain in solution for each elementary shcool, also further more reseach to line association consuming fluor in water sistematically or rinse with fluor solution."