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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK<>br> Islamophobia merupakan salah satu masalah yang terjadi di Prancis dalam waktu yang lama. Rasa takut dan benci yang diberikan kepada umat Muslim di Prancis selalu datang dan sulit untuk dihindari. Hal ini jelas membuat kehidupan umat Muslim di Prancis terancam. Seiring dengan serangan yang terus diberikan, umat Muslim di Prancis pun tidak tinggal diam. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana aksi perlawanan yang diberikan oleh umat Muslim di Prancis dalam memerangi islamophobia di Prancis. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk gerakan-gerakan perlawanan terhadap islamophobia yang terus bermunculan untuk melindungi umat Muslim sebagai warga negara Prancis dan mewujudkan keadilan di Prancis.

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ABSTRACT<>br> Islamophobia is one of the problems that occurred in France for a long time. Fear and hatred given to Muslims in France are always coming and difficult to avoid. This obviously makes the life of Muslims in French threatened. Along with the attacks that always happened, Muslims in France did not stay silent. The purpose of this study is to show how the insurgency by Muslims in the fight against islamophobia in France. The results obtained in this study is a resistance movements against islamophobia in the beginning of 21st century that keeps popping up to protect Muslims as French citizens and deliver justice in the country.

Abstrak :
Penulisan ini menjelaskan fenomena Islamophobia di Eropa yang disebabkan oleh aksi terorisme yang mengatasnamakan agama Islam. Dalam penulisan ini, penulis mengumpulkan data sekunder dan melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan pemikiran Erving Goffman mengenai Stigma and Social Identity. Dengan dilandasi oleh pemikiran Goffman tersebut, penulis menganalisis bahwa aksi terorisme yang mengatasnamakan agama Islam telah melahirkan stigma agama Islam, yakni Islam menjadi sebuah atribut yang memiliki efek mendiskreditkan kepada para Muslim. Stigma agama Islam inilah yang kemudian mengarah pada berkembangnya Islamophobia di Eropa yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif kepada banyak warga Muslim, khususnya yang teridentifikasi secara kasat mata sebagai penganut agama Islam.

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This study explains the Islamophobia phenomenon in Europe that is caused by the acts of terrorism in the name of Islam. In this study, the author collected secondary data and did an analysis by using Erving Goffman?s thought of Stigma and Social Identity. Based on Goffman?s thought, the author analyzed that the acts of terrorism in the name of Islam has produced the stigma of Islam, which is Islam become an attribute that have discrediting effect to Muslims. This stigma of Islam leads to the development of Islamophobia in Europe that may cause various negative impacts on many Muslim citizens, especially for them who are visibly identified as adherents of Islam.

Abstrak :
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an emergency of prejudice and savagery via social media by traditional ‘patriots’ in India. Meta, Twitter, and Instagram have turned into digital spaces full of deception about the pandemic. Hindu Instagram accounts such as @Hindu_secrets and @Hindu_he_hum have been unwavering and dedicated in spreading Islamophobic crusades by utilizing the COVID-19 pandemic. This has opened doors for hatred directed at Muslim people in India. This study situates itself inside the system of Stuart Hall's encoding and translating hypothesis to reveal the visual and printed codes used to make shameful and obtrusive generalizations that dehumanize and slander specific networks utilizing social media platforms. This is an explorative request that took part through a semiotic examination of the Instagram accounts of @Hindu_secrets and @Hindu_he_hum. The review tracked down encoded generalizations of danger in the utilization of variety, strict designs, garments, and other actual markers of social character in producing Islamophobic content. COVID-19 was depicted to as having Islamic parentage in the images; consequently, it depicted the Muslim people group as sustaining and deliberately spreading the infection across India and abroad.