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Abstrak :
This study develops a model of expropriation through real earnings management (REM) in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry. The purpose of this study is to test a new model by examining the relationship between REM, bank ownership types, and performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia in the period of 2006 - 2013. This study finds that there are significant differences in REM and performance scores in banks with different ownership types. The REM and performance scores for family-owned banks and private-owned banks are relatively similar. However, Islamic banks with government as the controlling shareholder have the highest REM scores and the lowest performance scores. In contrast, foreign-owned banks have the lowest REM scores and the highest performance scores. The indications of expropriation can be seen from the magnitude of REM. A high REM can lower profitability and efficiency while increasing the risks faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh kinerja Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) berdasarkan Index Maqashid Syariah (IMS) terhadap Return On Asset (ROA). Objek entitas yang diteliti adalah Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) yang listed di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) serta berdasarkan purposive sampling sebanyak terdaftar 9 (sembilan) BUS. Selama ini pengukuran kinerja bank lebih didasarkan pada rasio keuangan dan sejenisnya, sedangkan untuk bank syariah seharusnya dapat lebih dieksplorasi dengan pendekatan nilai-nilai konsep islam yang salah satunya dengan index maqashid syariah. Dan penelitian ini hendak melihat pengaruh diantara kedua variabel tersebut. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data time series sekunder. Metode perhitungan IMS menggunakan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dengan nilai index untuk melihat kinerja berdasarkan prinsip maqashid Syariah, sedangkan nilai ROA diperoleh berdasarkan rumus umum yang telah ada. Alat analisis yang digunakan berupa korelasi dan regresi linier sederhana untuk melihat pengaruh antar variabel dimaksud dengan alat bantu perangkat lunak Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Index Maqashid Syariah (IMS) mempunyai hubungan yang rendah dengan Return On Asset (ROA) yang dilihat dari angka koefisien korelasi sebesar -0,250. Dan juga IMS tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA berdasarkan model regresi linier sederhana Y = 0,032 – 0,169X serta nilai dari R Square sebesar 6,2%. ......The objective of this study is to see the effect of the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) based on the Maqashid Sharia Index (IMS) to Return On Asset (ROA). The object of the study is a Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and based on purposive sampling as many as 9 (nine) BUS are registered. So far, the measurement of bank performance is based more on financial ratios and the like, while for Islamic banks it should be more explored with an approach to the values of the Islamic concept, one of which is the Islamic maqashid index. And this research wants to see the effect between these two variables. The research method used is descriptive quantitative using secondary time series data. The IMS calculation method uses Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) with an index value to see the performance based on the maqashid Sharia principle, while the ROA value is obtained based on the existing general formula. The analytical tool used in the form of correlation and simple linear regression to see the effect between variables is the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software tool. The results of the study prove that the Maqashid Sharia Index (IMS) has a low relationship with Return On Assets (ROA) as seen from the correlation coefficient of -0,250. And also IMS has no significant effect on ROA based on a simple linear regression model Y = 0,032 – 0,169X and the value of R Square is 6.2%.

Abstrak :
Perbankan syariah memerlukan pengukuran kinerja atas pencapaian tujuan-tujuan syariah, selain perhitungan kinerja secara bisnis bank sebagaimana sistem konvensional. Perspektif maqaṣid syariah dapat digunakan sebagai pengukuran kinerja bank syariah sesuai dengan tujuan dan karakteristik bank syariah. Merujuk pada konsep maqaṣid syariah Abu Zahrah yaitu Tahdzib al-Fard, Iqamah al-Adl dan Maslahah, Mustafa Omar Mohammed dan timnya mengkonstruksikan model pengukuran kinerja yaitu Indeks Maqaṣid Syariah untuk menghitung pencapaian tujuan-tujuan syariah suatu bank syariah yaitu pendidikan, keadilan dan kesejahteraan. Data untuk penelitian menggunakan data laporan keuangan yang terdapat dalam laporan tahunan, situs web bank dan BPS serta konfirmasi data bank. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahapan. Pertama, penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang menghitung dan menganalisis kinerja syariah PT Bank Aceh Syariah sebagai BPD Syariah milik Pemerintah Daerah dengan basis maqaṣid syariah menggunakan model indeks maqaṣid syariah. Kedua, penelitian inferensia dengan pengolahan data menggunakan VAR/VECM untuk melihat kontribusi bank sebagai BUMD terhadap pembangunan daerah Aceh. Hasil penelitian ditemukan perkembangan indeks maqaṣid syariah PT Bank Aceh Syariah dari tahun 2016-2022 mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan membangun keadilan memiliki nilai terbanyak dalam menyumbang indeks maqaṣid syariah, disusul dengan tujuan memajukan kesejahteraan dan mendidik individu. Meskipun pencapaian indeks menunjukkan peningkatan, namun nilainya relatif rendah (posisi terakhir tahun 2022 sebesar 31,6678 dengan laju rerata sebesar 1,45%) mengindikasikan bahwa bank belum berfokus pada pencapaian kinerja syariah atau pencapaian tujuan-tujuan syariah belum menjadi concern bank. Pengolahan data VAR/VECM memperlihatkan adanya kausalitas satu arah antara Laba dengan PDRB. Kontribusi bank sebagai BUMD terhadap pembangunan ekonomi dengan lag variabel saling berpengaruh hingga tiga periode sebelumnya. Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh sebagai pemegang saham pengendali dapat menaruh perhatian lebih memadai atas pencapaian kinerja syariah PT Bank Aceh Syariah, sehingga keberadaan bank syariah bisa berdampak lebih luas kepada masyarakat termasuk pada pembangunan perekonomian daerah. ......Islamic banking requires performance measurement on the achievement of sharia objectives. Apart from calculating the bank’s financial performance similar to the conventional bank performance system, the maqaṣid sharia perspective can be used as a measurement of performance of Islamic bank in accordance with the objectives and the characteristics of the bank. Referring to maqaṣid sharia concept of Abu Zahrah which formulates three objectives of Islamic bank, namely Tahdzib al-Fard, Iqamah al-Adl, and Maslahah, the performance measurement model constructed by Mustafa Omar Mohammed et al, namely the Maqaṣid Sharia Index, can be used to calculate the achievement of sharia objectives; education, justice and welfare. The data for the research was collected from the financial report of the company’s annual reports, the bank’s official websites, and BPS as well as data confirmation from the bank. The research was conducted in two stages. The first one utilized descriptive quantitative research that calculates and analyzes the sharia performance of PT Bank Aceh Syariah as a BPD Sharia belonging to the Regional Government based on maqaṣid sharia using the maqaṣid sharia index. The second one utilized inferential research, in which the data was analyzed using VAR/VECM to see the bank’s contribution as a BUMD to the regional development of Aceh. The results show that the development of the maqaṣid sharia index of PT Bank Aceh Syariah from 2016 – 2022 has increased. The objective of building justice has the highest contribution to the maqaṣid sharia index, followed by advancing the welfare and educating individual objectives. Albeit the achievement index leans toward the increase, the relatively low value (last position in 2022 was 31.6678 with an average rate of 1.45%) indicates that the bank has not thoroughly focused on achieving sharia performance or achieving sharia objectives was not the main concern of the bank. The VAR/VECM data show that there was a one-way causality between profit and GRDP. The bank’s contribution as a BUMD to the economic development was not significant enough considering the delays in the previous three periods. The Aceh Provincial Government as the main shareholder should pay more attention to the achievement of sharia performance of PT Bank Aceh Syariah, so that the existence of sharia bank can have a wider impact on the community, including on the regional economic development.