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"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Infertilitas pria paling banyak disebabkan gangguan proses spermatogenesis. Androgen merupakan hormon yang sangat penting pada proses spermatogenesis, dimana penurunan kadar hormon androgen berakibat menurunnya produksi sperma. Aksi biologis hormon androgen terjadi melalui interaksi dengan reseptor androgen (RA) yang merupakan protein regulator transkripsi di dalam nukleus. Ekson 1 gen RA mengandung pengulangan trinukleotida CAG yang bersifat polimorfik. Polimorfisme pengulangan trinukleotida CAG ini diduga mempengaruhi aktivitas reseptor androgen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara polimorfisme pengulangan CAG dengan gangguan spermatogenesis pada beberapa pria Indonesia. Penelitian meliputi isolasi DNA dari darah tepi 34 orang pria oligozoospermialazoospermia dan 25 orang pria normozoospermia. Selanjutnya dilakukan amplifikasi fragmen pengulangan trinukleotida CAG gen RA dengan teknik PCR. Penentuan panjang pengulangan CAG gen RA dilakukan dengan elektroforesis pada gel poliakrilamid 6%yang mengandung zat pendenaturasi.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan jumlah pengulangan CAG pada gen reseptor androgen antara pria oligozoospermialazoospermia (24,3 ± 3,4, rerata ± SD) dan pria normozoospermia (22,7 f 2,7). Berdasarkan uji i untuk sampel tidak berpasangan, perbedaan jumlah pengulangan CAG pada gen reseptor androgen antara kedua kelompok tersebut bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,03I). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan polimorfisme pengulangan CAG pads gen reseptor androgen antara pria oligozoospermialazoospermia dan pria normozoospermia. Namun tidak ditemukan hubungan antara jumlah pengulangan CAG gen RA dengan konsentrasi sperma (rs = - 0,038; p = 0,775). Ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah pengulangan CAG gen RA bukan sebagai penyebab utama gangguan spermatogenesis.

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The Correlation Of Cag Repeat Length Polymorphisms Of Androgen Receptor Gene And Spermatogenesis Impairment In Several Indonesian MenScope and methods of study : Spermatogenesis impairment is the main cause of infertility in men. Androgen is believed to play a critical role in regulating spermatogenesis as reduction of intratestiscular androgen results in the decreased of sperm production. Androgen acts by binding to the androgen receptor (AR) which is a protein regulator of DNA transcription. Exon I of AR gene contains a CAG repeat length polymorphism and it is believed to interfere AR function. The aim of this study is to investigate the assosiation of CAG repeat length polymorphism with spermatogenesis impairment in several Indonesian men. The study includes DNA isolation from peripheral blood of 34 oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and 25 normozoospermic men, processed for CAG repeat lengths determination using PCR and electrophoresis in 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gel.Result and conclusion : This study found that the mean CAG repeat lengths were 24,3 ± 3,4 in the oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and 22,7 ± 2,7 in the normozoospermic men. The difference in CAG repeat length between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0,031, t-test). These result indicate that CAG repeat polymorphisms in the AR gene were differ between oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and normozoospermic men. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between CAG repeat lengths and sperms concentration (rs = -0,038; p = 0,775). This result indicate that the expansion of CAG repeat length was not the main cause of spermatogenesis impairment."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Penggunaan testosteron enantat (TE) saja atau kombinasinya dengan depot medroksiprogesteron asetat (TE + DMPA) atau testosteron undekanoat (TU) saja dalam kontrasepsi hormon memiliki efektivitas yang berbeda dalam menekan spermatogenesis antara bangsa Asia dengan Kaukasia. Perbedaan efektivitas penekan spermatogenesis tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh perbedaan asupan lipid-protein dan polimorfisme SHBG. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan asupan lipid-protein dan polimorfisme SHBG terhadap kadar SHBG, testosteron total, testosteron bebas antara pria Indonesia dengan pria Kaukasia. Selain itu juga ingin diketahui hubungan antara kadar SHBG, testosteron total, testosteron bebas, persentase testosteron bebas, indeks testosteran bebas dan insulin. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang. Food recall 3 hari berturut-turut dilakukan terhadap semua subyek, kemudian dianalisis dengan World Food 2 Program. Kadar SHBG, testosteron total, testosteron bebas dan insulin dalam serum diukur dengan metoda radio immuno assay (RIA). Elektroforesis dan western blotting dilakukan untuk menentukan macam fenotip SHBG. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok berdasarkan asupan lipid-protein dan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan fenotip SHBG. Tiga puluh sembilan pria Indonesia asupan lipid-protein rendah sebagai kelompok I, 28 pria Indonesia asupan lipid-protein sedang sebagai kelompok II dan 27 pria Kaukasia asupan lipid-protein tinggi sebagai kelompok III. Tujuh puluh enam dari 94 subyek penelitian fenotipnya SHBG normal (2 pita SHBG) dan 18 dari 94 subyek penelitian fenotipnya SHBG varian (3 pita SHBG).Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Kadar SHBG dan testosteron bebas kelompok I lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok II dan III, tetapi kelompok 1I tidak berbeda dengan kelompok III. Kadar testosteron total kelompok I lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok III dan kelompok II paling rendah. Karena kadar SHBG, testosteron total dan testosteron bebas antar kelompok berbeda (p < 0.05), maka kadar SHBG, testosteron total dan testosteron bebas dipengaruhi oleh asupan lipid-protein. Kadar SHBG, testosteron total dan testosteron bebas antara fenotip SHBG normal tidak berbeda dengan fenotip SHBG Marian (p > 0.05). Karena kadar SHBG, testosteron total dan testosteron bebas antar kelompok fenotip SHBG tidak berbeda, maka kadar SHBG, testosteron total dan testosteron.

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The Influence Of Lipid-Protein Intakes And SHBG Polimorphysm On SHBG Level Of Indonesian And Caucasian MenScope and Methods of study: The development of hormonal contraception method for men using testosterone enanthate (TB) alone or in combination with depot medroxyprogesteron acetate (TE + DMPA) or testosterone undecanoat (TU) alone has different efficacy in suppressing the spermatogenesis of Asians or Caucasians. The difference of efficacy in suppressing the spermatogenesis of Asian or Caucasian maybe caused by the difference of lipid-protein intake and SHBG polymorphism. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effects of difference in lipid-protein intake and polymorphism of SHBG on the level of SHBG, total testosterone and free testosterone of Indonesian men with low lipid-protein intake, medium lipid-protein intake and Caucasian men with high lipid-protein intake. This research was cross sectional study. Three days repeated food recall for all subjects analyzed with World Food 2 Program. The measurement of serum SHBG, total testosterone, free testosterone and insulin were done with radio immuno assay (RIA) technique. Electrophoresis and western blotting were done to determine 2 types of SHBG phenotype. Subjects in this research were divided into 3 groups base on lipid-protein intake and 2 groups base on SHBG phenotype. Thirty nine Indonesian men with low lipid-protein intake as group I, 28 Indonesian men with medium lipid-protein intake as group II and 27 Caucasian men with high lipid-protein intake as group III. Seventy six out of 94 subjects as normal SHBG phenotype (double-banded SHBG) and I8 out of 94 subjects as variant SHBG phenotype (triple-banded SHBG).Result and conclusion: The level of SHBG and free testosterone in the group I was higher compared to both group II and group III (p r 0.05), but the group II and group III was not different (p > 0.05). The level of total testosterone in the group I was higher compared to group ill, and the group II was the lowest (p < 0.05). Because the level of SHBG, total testosterone and free testosterone in the group I, II and III were different (p < 0.05), then they were affected by lipid-protein intake. The level of SHBG in the normal SHBG phenotype was not different compared to the variant SHBG phenotype (p > 0.05), then the level of SHBG was not affected by SHBG polymorphism."

"Penelitian ini membandingkan kuesioner Visual Prostate Symptom Score VPSS yang jarang digunakan dengan kuesioner International Prostate Symptom Score IPSS dan parameter uroflowmetri di Indonesia pada pasien laki-laki yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Umum Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo. Evaluasi menggunakan IPSS dalam bahasa Indonesia, VPSS, uroflowmetri dan ultrasonografi transabdominal dikerjakan pada pasien pria berusia lebih dari 45 tahun yang berobat ke Rumah Sakit Umum Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo antara Februari 2014 dan Agustus 2015. Dari seluruh subyek, 24,2 dan 11,1 membutuhkan bantuan ketika menjawab kuesioner IPSS dan VPSS. Usia rata-rata, skor total IPSS, skor total VPSS, Q-max, volume berkemih, dan volume residu pasca berkemih masing-masing adalah 67,4 8,9 tahun, 13,4 7,8, 10,8 2,7, 13,6 8,6 mL / detik, 248 136 ml, dan 54,9 68,3 ml. Skor total, IPSS kualitas hidup QoL, IPSS pertanyaan Q 2, IPSS Q7, dan IPSS Q5, secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan skor total VPSS, VPSS QoL, VPSS Q1, VPSS Q2, dan VPSS Q3 koefisien korelasi r, nilai P masing-masing: 0,57.

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This study aims to compare and correlate the novel Visual Prostate Symptom Score VPSS with International Prostate Symptom Score IPSS questionnaire and uroflowmetry parameters in Indonesian men who visited Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Male patients older than 45 years who visited Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital between February 2014 and August 2015 with LUTS were evaluated with Indonesian version of the IPSS, VPSS, uroflowmetry and transabdominal ultrasound. Appropriate statistical analysis was employed. Of all subjects, 24.2 and 11.1 require assistance when answering IPSS and VPSS questionnaires respectfully. The mean age, IPSS total score, VPSS total score, Q max, voided volume, and post void residual volume were 67.4 8.9 years, 13.4 7.8, 10.8 2.7, 13.6 8.6 mL sec, 248 136 ml, and 54.9 68.3 ml respectively. Total IPSS, IPSS quality of life QoL, IPSS question Q 2, IPSS Q7, and IPSS Q5, were significantly correlated with total VPSS, VPSS QoL, VPSS Q1, VPSS Q2, and VPSS Q3 correlation coefficient r P value 0.57."