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"The interaction power and economic phenomena may provide an appealing focus for political economy. This article is expected to be a critical overview of the current Indonesia political economy condition. When the role of state is limited only as watchdog and the ruler of the game is the private sectors this can be called as a free capitalism. According to the theories of political economy by Caporasao and Livine, our country status to the political economy roles is a weak state. Multinational Cooperation has played an important role in Indonesia economy. Free market seems to get the heavent place in our country with the biggest five highly populated. In the free market economy, individuals enter to relations (exchange) voluntary but the free market eliminated authority allocation, coeverceice forms of labor and so on. By replacing authority wih voluntary contract, the market economy shows to eliminate the state power. Therefore, this article suggests that we need to firm our state - centered approaches to political economy. The state policy to the private sector is too loose and let them treat it as an instrument or instution employed by individuals or groups as a way of achieving private ends. tThis form of determination leaves the state in a derivative position. deprived of its own logic, lacking of motivation and source of energy lying outside economy, the state is reduced to a dependent variable. First, a clear distinction is made between state and economy. second economy is accorded a primary place, with the scenes and interests of individuals at the center. And the third, the state is treated as a vehicle to satisfy wants when they cannot be satisfied privately. This article approaches to political economy centering of an active state whose agenda is not to reducible to wants emerging within the private atmosphere. The article begins with a discussion on the state autonomy, society centered approaches, a transformational view of the state and conclusion."

"ABSTRACTThis research aim to analyze the sources of changes in sectoral output in Indonesia in the periods from 1975-1985, 1985-1995, and 1995-2003, as well as to understand and measure the contribution of end demand, technology and synergy to total change in economic output in these periods. The decomposition output approach was used to measure the effect of end demand, technology and synergy. The research used the 66 sector total transaction input-output table from 1975 to 2003. The research found that end demand dominated the change in output during these periods, while technology played a relatively small role. Despite this, the role of end demand in period III (1995-2003) fell to 59.73% from 87.64% in period I (1973-1985)."

"Jumlah penelitian yang melakukan observasi terhadap bagaimana otoritas moneter dan fiskal berinteraksi sudah banyak, bahkan yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ? penelitian tersebut menemukan konsensus akan pentingnya koordinasi antara otoritas moneter dan fiskal untuk mencapai tingkat inflasi yang optimal dan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta meminimalisasi kerugian kesejahteraan secara total. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mencari tingkat optimal dari kebijakan moneter dan fiskal dengan mempertimbangkan interaksi kedua kebijakan tersebut. Dalam model teori permainan nonkooperatif, skripsi ini menggunakan fungsi kerugian dari kebijakan moneter yang menggunakan tingkat suku bunga SBI sebagai instrumen kebijakan moneter, dan dari kebijakan fiskal yang menggunakan pengeluaran pemerintah sebagai instrumennya, sebagai imbal hasil dari masing ? masing otoritas. Secara umum, hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tingkat suku bunga SBI dan pengeluaran pemerintah actual masih berada pada titik non ekuilibrium nash (nash equilibrium) dan non ekuilibrium pareto (pareto equilibrium). Oleh karena itu, kebijakan moneter dan fiskal yang diterapkan masih dapat diperbaiki, terutama pemerataan pengeluaran pemerintah sepanjang tahun, seperti perbaikan penyerapan anggaran pemerintah pada kuartal kedua dan menurunkannya di kuartal ketiga, serta menurunkan tingkat suku bunga SBI.

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Researches on how monetary and fiscal authority interact and should interact have been abundant, even in Indonesia. One consensus that converges from those researches is the importance of coordination between monetary and fiscal authority to have optimal inflation rate and economic growth and minimize welfare loss. What had not yet been observed is the optimal level of the monetary and fiscal policy in regards of monetary and fiscal policy interaction, which is the focus on this research paper. In non - cooperative game theory model, we used loss function of monetary policy which uses SBI rate as its instruments, and fiscal policies with government spending as its tools, as the payoff for each authority. In general, the result shows that the actual SBI rate and government expenditure yielded in non ? Nash Equilibrium and non - Pareto Equilibrium. Thus, there is much room to improve the policies, especially smoothing of government expenditure throughout the year, i.e. improving the government expenditure absorption in the second quarter and moderating it in the third and fourth quarter, and lowering the SBI rates."