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"ABSTRAKRevolusi telah berkontribusi dalam pembentukan masyarakat di dunia. Fenomena tersebut mengubah nilai-nilai fundamental dan memberikan suatu pandangan baru di dalam masyarakat. Dengan berubahnya nilai fundamental, masyarakat pun berubah, dan hal hal yang sebelumnya diterima sebelum revolusi, menjadi kurang menarik ataupun tidak lagi diterima di dalam masyarakat. Pandangan baru ini membentuk sebuah selera dan kebutuhan baru, seperti halnya sebuah tren. Hal ini tampak pada perubahan di dalam dunia seni dan arsitektur. Arsitektur dan Revolusi: Perkembangan Arsitektur di Hindia Belanda dan Perubahan dalam Masyarakat Kolonial tidak membahas revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia, melainkan membahas bagaimana konteks dan isu sosial, politik, dan ekonomi yang terjadi di Hindia Belanda membentuk sebuah revolusi dalam masyarakat kolonial pada periode akhir kolonial Belanda. Dimulai dengan analisis mengenai revolusi yang terjadi di Eropa, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis korelasi antara revolusi tersebut dan perubahan di dalam gaya arsitektur di Eropa dan Rusia setelah revolusi. Akan tetapi, keadaan masyarakat kolonial di Hindia Belanda memiliki konteks yang berbeda dengan masyarakat Eropa. Oleh karena itu, saya menganalisis konteks tersebut dan bagaimana sebuah revolusi terbentuk. Pembahasan kemudian saya akhiri dengan menganalisis perubahan Arsitektur di Hindia Belanda untuk menekankan adanya sebuah upaya dalam merepresentasikan ide baru yang terbentuk pasca revolusi melalui sebuah bentuk yang konkrit, yaitu arsitektur.

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ABSTRACT

Revolution changes the fundamental values in the society. As the fundamental values change, the society also changes, and things that were used to be agreeable before the revolution may become less appealing, or no longer accepted. This new value formed a new taste and necessity in the society. As a result, the process of designing will be influenced by this newfound value. This writing does not discuss the revolution of Indonesian Independence. It discusses how the social, economy and political context and issues in the Dutch East Indies formed a revolution within the colonial society during the late colonial era. It starts with the analysis of revolutions throughout Europe & Russia, then continues to analyze changes in the Architectural Styles in Europe after the revolutions. However, the European and Russian society were essentially different than the Dutch East Indies society, which was, a colonial society. Therefore, I analyze the context of the Dutch East Indies society and how the revolution was formed. The discussion subsequently analyzes the changes in the Indies Architecture to further emphasize an effort to represent the new ideas that formed after the revolution into a concrete form, which is architecture.

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"Apa yang terjadi pada masa penjajahan Belanda di Hindia Belanda meninggalkan kesan yang begitu dalam bagi setiap pihak yang terlibat, tidak hanya kaum inferior tetapi juga kaum superior. Penceritaan kembali mengenai apa yang terjadi pada masa kolonial dilakukan melalui berbagai media, salah satunya karya sastra postkolonial Familiefeest karya Theodor Holman. Secara jelas dan nyata pasti terjadi diskriminasi pada masa tersebut. Dengan metode penelitian deskriptif-sinkronis, diteliti bagaimana penggambaran diskriminasi yang ditemukan dalam cerita Familiefeest beserta dampak yang dihasilkannya. Melalui cerita ini, ditemukan diskriminasi ras, etnis, dan kebangsaan yang terjadi pada tokoh didalamnya, yang notabene adalah kaum superior pada masa kolonial tersebut, dan dampak yang dialami para tokoh tersebut tidaklah ringan karena menyangkut masalah psikis dan masa depan mereka. Diskriminasi yang mereka alami mengubah sifat, perilaku, dan kehidupan mereka. Mereka memandang negatif akan masa depan dan selalu dihantui oleh rasa takut, terancam, dan malu.

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What happened during the Netherlands‟ colonialism in the Dutch East Indies left deep impression to every side that involved this moment, not only the inferior side but also the superior side. About what that happened on colonial period was told through many media, one of them is through postcolonial literature, Familiefeest by Theodor Holman. Discrimination was clearly and obviously happened on that moment. By using descriptive-synchronic method, the description and the effects of discriminations on Familiefeest were researched and found. On Familifeest was found racial, ethnic, and nationality discriminations that were experienced by the personages that on this story were superior people on colonialism moment. The effects that they experienced weren‟t simple things because those have correlation with psychological problem and how they faced their future. It changed their character, behavior, and life. They looked negatively about their future and haunted by fear, threat, and shame."

"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan gaya arsitektur Indis pada Gedung Balaikota Bogor. Penelitian deskriptif ini akan menguraikan bagian-bagian eksterior Gedung Balaikota Bogor yang menerapkan gaya arsitektur Belanda dan arsitektur lokal. Kedua unsur arsitektur itulah yang membentuk arsitektur Indis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pustaka dan tinjauan lapangan.

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The aim of this article is to explain architecture style of Indies which are located in Balaikota Bogor building. This descriptive research will give informations about the exterior parts of Balaikota Bogor building which applied an architecture of the Netherlands and a local architecture style. Aspects of both styles formed the Indies architecture. The method that is used in this research are methods of book learning and survey from the field."

"The city of Cirebon was not as large as Batavia (Jakarta) or Semarang, but its location on the northern shore of Java made it an important harbour city from which the inland regions of the southern part of West Java could be serviced. As a harbour town, Cirebon became the regional centre of trade and commerce, and many Chinese immigrants settled there. As were other cities, Cirebon fell under the governance of the VOC and later of the Netherlands Indies administration A Chinese officer was appointed to deal with Chinese community issues in the region. With the exception of the well-known Major (Majoor der Chinezen) Tan Tjin Kie, whose funeral is described in his sons book, little is known about the other Chinese officers in Cirebon. Most publications concentrate on the Chinese officers in Batavia or Semarang or in other large cities. Numerous Chinese officers were appointed in Cirebon and in the surrounding regions. Many of them were members of four or five big families. This article describes their lives, families, and descendants, their businesses, and their whereabouts.;ABSTRAKThe city of Cirebon was not as large as Batavia (Jakarta) or Semarang, but its location on the northern shore of Java made it an important harbour city from which the inland regions of the southern part of West Java could be serviced. As a harbour town, Cirebon became the regional centre of trade and commerce, and many Chinese immigrants settled there. As were other cities, Cirebon fell under the governance of the VOC and later of the Netherlands Indies administration A Chinese officer was appointed to deal with Chinese community issues in the region. With the exception of the well-known Major (Majoor der Chinezen) Tan Tjin Kie, whose funeral is described in his sons book, little is known about the other Chinese officers in Cirebon. Most publications concentrate on the Chinese officers in Batavia or Semarang or in other large cities. Numerous Chinese officers were appointed in Cirebon and in the surrounding regions. Many of them were members of four or five big families. This article describes their lives, families, and descendants, their businesses, and their whereabouts.;ABSTRAKThe city of Cirebon was not as large as Batavia (Jakarta) or Semarang, but its location on the northern shore of Java made it an important harbour city from which the inland regions of the southern part of West Java could be serviced. As a harbour town, Cirebon became the regional centre of trade and commerce, and many Chinese immigrants settled there. As were other cities, Cirebon fell under the governance of the VOC and later of the Netherlands Indies administration A Chinese officer was appointed to deal with Chinese community issues in the region. With the exception of the well-known Major (Majoor der Chinezen) Tan Tjin Kie, whose funeral is described in his sons book, little is known about the other Chinese officers in Cirebon. Most publications concentrate on the Chinese officers in Batavia or Semarang or in other large cities. Numerous Chinese officers were appointed in Cirebon and in the surrounding regions. Many of them were members of four or five big families. This article describes their lives, families, and descendants, their businesses, and their whereabouts."

"Rumusan permasalahan dalam kajian ini adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimanakah budaya Indies menghasilkan hibriditas gaya desain grafis yang mempunyai ciri khas? Mengapa gaya desain grafis Indies mampu bertahan dan mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam pembentukan gaya desain grafis Indonesia masa kini. Tujuannya untuk menjelaskan secara kronologis budaya Indies pada masa kolonial Hindia-Belanda mempengaruhi lahirnya gaya desain grafis Indies. Menjelaskan pengaruh gaya grafis Indies dalam rangka usaha menemukan pembentukan gaya desain grafis Indonesia di masa kini. Hasil kajian ini adalah menjelaskan perkembangan visualitas desain grafis Indies yang merupakan produk konstruksi kebudayaan pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda, telah mengalami puncak perkembangannya pada masa akhir kolonialisme di Indonesia tahun 1940-an. Gaya desain grafis Indies merupakan hibridisasi antara gaya desain modern Barat yang dikembangkan oleh para seniman dan desainer grafis Belanda dengan gaya visual seni tradisional pewayangan Jawa yang dianggap sebagai warisan adiluhung kebudayaan masyarakat Jawa di masa lampau. Perpaduan itu membentuk sintesa gaya desain yang yang bersifat eklektik menjadi ciri khas desain Indonesia dengan ketinggian kualitas artistik yang menjadi rujukan dan sumber inspirasi bagi para perancang desain grafis masa kini."