Kata Kunci : IMA-EST, cedera iskemia reperfusi miokard, IL-18, kolkisin, penurunan kadar ......Cardiovascular diseases have become a global health problem and are the leading cause of death. The prevalence is increasing due to the rise in risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is myocardial ischemia caused by the rupture of a coronary artery plaque, leading to thrombosis and occlusion. The management of AMI can be done through revascularization procedures, but these interventions have the potential to cause irreversible myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury induces an inflammatory response that triggers the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to caspase-1 activation involved in interleukin (IL)-18 maturation and release. Colchicine is a simple, inexpensive, fast-acting anti-inflammatory drug that can inhibit the inflammasome, thus preventing the activation and release of IL-18. Studies on the effectiveness of colchicine in cardiovascular diseases have been conducted extensively, but research on changes in IL-18 levels in AMI patients is limited. This study aims to assess the changes in IL-18 levels within 48 hours post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with colchicine. The study design is a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, involving a total of 60 STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, with 30 subjects in the colchicine group and 30 subjects in the placebo group. The reduction in IL-18 levels at 48 hours post-PPCI in the colchicine group was greater than in the placebo group, although no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Further research with different time intervals is needed to assess the extent of IL-18 reduction.
Keyword : STEMI, ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury, IL-18, colchicine, reduction levels
Obesitas selama ini dikenal sebagai faktor risiko tradisional untuk penyakit kardiovaskular. Pada banyak studi tingginya indeks massa tubuh (IMT) justru memiliki efek protektif terhadap luaran klinis pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular, termasuk penyakit jantung koroner, khususnya infark miokard akut dengan elevasi segmen ST (IMA-EST) yang menjalani intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP). Namun, beberapa studi belum bisa membuktikan adanya fenomena obesitas paradoks ini pada semua populasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan luaran klinis jangka panjang pada pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKP. Studi observasional kohort retrospektif pada 400 pasien IMA-EST yang dilakukan intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP) yang diambil dari registri RSPJPDHK. Dilakukan pencatatan tinggi badan dan berat badan dari telaah rekam medis dan registri. Evaluasi luaran klinis setelah 2 tahun paska IKP dilakukan dengan menghubungi pasien dan keluarga serta penelusuran rekam medis. Analisa statistik dilakukan untuk membandingkan luaran klinis pada kelompok BB kurang-normal dengan BB lebih-obesitas. Dari 400 subyek penelitian, didapatkan jumlah laki-laki lebih banyak dari perempuan di kedua grup. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata klirens kreatinin (65.99 vs 82.28; p <0.0001) dan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri (43.82 vs 46.59; p 0.02) pada kelompok BB kurang-normal dan BB lebih-obesitas. Diameter stent dan usia pasien tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna di kedua kelompok. BB lebih-obesitas juga secara bermakna memiliki efek protektif pada MACE (OR 0.477 [95% IK 0.311-0.733]; p 0.001), kejadian infark berulang (OR 0.27 (0.142-0.516 [95% IK 0.142-0.516]; p <0.0001) serta kematian kardiovaskular (OR 0.549 [95% IK 0.3-1.003]; p 0.049). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan BB lebih-obesitas sebagai prediktor independen terhadap luaran klinis MACE dan kejadian infark berulang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara IMT dengan luaran klinis jangka panjang pasien IMA-EST yang dilakukan IKPP. BB lebih-obesitas memiliki kecenderungan luaran klinis MACE dan kejadian infark berulang setelah 2 tahun yang lebih baik dibandingkan BB kurang-normal
Obesity has been known as a traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In many studies the high body mass index (BMI) actually has a protective effect on the clinical outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, especially acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, several studies have not been able to prove the existence of this paradoxical obesity phenomenon in all populations. This study aims to determine the association between BMI and long-term clinical outcomes in STEMI patients underwent PCI. A retrospective cohort observational study of 400 STEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was taken from the RSPJPDHK registry. Height and weight were recorded from a review of medical records and the registry. Evaluation of clinical outcomes 2 years after PCI is done by contacting patients and families and tracking medical records. Statistical analysis was performed to compare clinical outcomes in the underweight-normal group with the overweight-obese. In 400 research subjects, there were more men than women in both groups. There were significant differences in creatinine clearance (65.99 vs 82.28; p <0.0001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (43.82 vs 46.59; p 0.02) in the underweight-normal group with the overweight-obese. No significant differences was found in stent diameter and age of the patients between the two groups. Overweight and obesity also has a significant protective effect on MACE (OR 0.477 [95% CI 0.311-0.733]; p 0.001), recurrent infarction events (OR 0.27 (0.142-0.516 [95% IK 0.142-0.516]; p <0.0001 ) as well as cardiovascular death (OR 0.549 [95% IK 0.3-1.003]; p 0.049) Multivariate analysis shows overweight-obesity as an independent predictor of clinical outcome of MACE and the incidence of recurrent infarction. In conclusion, there is an association between BMI and long-term clinical outcomes of STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. Overweight and obese group showed better outcome in MACE and reinfarction within 2 years compared to Underweight-Normal group.