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ABSTRAK
The Guardian media kenamaan Inggris juga mencatat sedikitnya 15 buruh migran asal Myanmar dan Kamboja diperdagangkan dengan harga sebesar Rp 4 juta. Praktek perbudakan yang dijalankan di Thailand berlangsung dalam rupa: 1 bekerja selama 20 jam; 2 pemukulan; 3 penyiksaan; dan 4 pembunuhan. Laporan eksklusif The Guardian ini mengakibatkan produk udang Thailand dilarang memasuki pasar internasional, khususnya di Amerika Serikat, Inggris dan negara-negara Eropa lainnya. Hal ini terjadi seiring ditemukannya fakta bahwa Charoen Phokpand Foods menggunakan pakan hasil perbudakan dalam sistem produksinya. Sedikitnya 20 pekerja di kapal perikanan Thailand meninggal dunia akibat praktek perbudakan ini. dan juga dikatakan 182.552 ABK rentan mengalami perbudakan hal ini diuangkap dalam Preliminary Meeting mengeai The Experience Of Burmese, Cambodian and Indonesian Fish Workers on Fishing Vessels : Finding And Policy Recommendations for ASEAN yang diselenggarakan oleh SEAFish for Justice di Surabaya, Jawa Timur, pada tanggal 4-7 Oktober 2016.Peneliti mengambil contoh kasus eksploitasi yang dialami oleh ABK WNI yang bekerja di kapal ikan asing dan mendapat perlakuan eksploitasi yang melanggar HAM . Latar belakang terjadinya eksploitasi ini sudah dimulai sejak calon ABK diajak untuk bekerja dikapal, dimulai dari kontrak yang represif hingga perlakuan tidak manusiawi diatas kapal. Penelitian ini membahas bagaiamana ratifikasi ILO 188 2007 oleh Indonesia bisa membantu menghilangkan eksploitasi tersebut. Metode penelitian tesis ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian ini sebagian besar memanfaatkan dokumen-dokumen internasional dan sumber-sumber tertulis yang memuat informasi sekunder.

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ABSTRACT
The famous British media The guardian also noted at least 15 migrant workers from Myanmar and Cambodia traded at a price of 4 million Rupiah rsquo s. The practice of enslavement in Thailand takes place in the form of 1 working for 20 hours 2 beatings 3 torture and 4 murder. The Guardian 39 s exclusive report resulted in Thai shrimp products being banned from entering international markets, particularly in the United States, Britain and other European countries. This happens as the discovery of the fact that Charoen Phokpand Foods uses the slavery feed in its production system. At least 20 workers on Thai fishing vessels died due to this practice of slavery. and is also said to be 182,552 crew vulnerable to slavery. This is captured in the Preliminary Meeting on The Experience of Burmese, Cambodian and Indonesian Fish Workers on Fishing Vessels Finding And Policy Recommendations for ASEAN organized by SEAFish for Justice in Surabaya, East Java, on 4 7 October 2016.Researchers take the case of exploitation experienced by Indonesian Citizens who work on foreign fishing vessels and get exploitation treatment in violation of human rights. The background of this exploitation has begun since the candidates of crew are invited to work on board, starting from repressive contracts to inhumane treatment on board. This study discusses how the ratification of ILO 188 2007 by Indonesia can help eliminate such exploitation. The method of this thesis research is normative law research. This research mostly utilizes international documents and written sources containing secondary information

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Penelitian ini menganalisis peran ILO dalam advokasi konvensi ILO 189 di Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode studi kasus untuk mengaplikasikan konsepsi mengenai kebijakan internasional dalam melihat bagaimana penolakan terhadap pemerintah Indonesia terhadap isu pekerja rumah tangga khususnya Pekerja Rumah Tangga termasuk berdasarkan teori Norma International oleh Martha Finnemore dan Kathryn Sikkink (1998) di mana terdapat 3 tahapan dalsam proses pembentukan norma atau life cycle 1) norm emergence , 2) norm cascade, dan 3) Internalization untuk menganalisis proses dari tahapan advokasi norma yang dituju sehingga melatarbelakangi diterima atau tidaknya suatu kebijakan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia menolak dalam ratifikasi karena penolakan terhadap beberapa pasal konvensi ILO 189 dan RUU PRT yang dirasa akan merugikan Indonesia terutama di dalam bidang ekonomi dan devisa negara. Contohnya, perubahan undang-undang batas usia minimum pekerja rumah tangga, jaminan sosial untuk pekerja rumah tangga, dan agen ketenagakerjaan swasta. ...... This study analyzes the role of the ILO in advocating ILO Convention 189 in Indonesia. The method uses in this study is a study case to apply the conception of international policy in seeing how the Indonesian government rejects the issue of domestic worker, and refuse to ratify the convention ILO 189 which become the first global standart for domestic worker rights. Based on the theory of International Norms by Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink (1998), There are 3 stages in the process of forming norms there life cycle 1) norm emergence, 2) norm cascade, and 3) Internalization to analyze the process from the stages of advocacy of the intended norm so that can be answered whether the norm is accepted to becomes a policy or rejected. The results of the discussion show that the Government of Indonesia refuses to ratify because of the rejection of several articles of the ILO Convention 189 and the Domestic worker bill which are felt to be detrimental to Indonesia, especially in the fields of economy and foreign exchange. For example, changes to the law on the minimum age limit for domestic workers, social security for domestic workers, and private employment agencies

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Latar belakang : Debu silika, asbestos dan batu bara berhubungan dengan pneumokoniosis pada pekerja tambang. International Labour Organization (ILO) melaporkan 30-50% pekerja pada negara berkembang terdiagnosis pneumokoniosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pneumokoniosis pada pekerja tambang kapur di Indonesia. Metode: Studi cross-sectional melibatkan subjek 73 pekerja tambang kapur di Desa Citatah Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Indonesia. Dua kesimpulan yang sama dari tiga pembaca foto yang memiliki sertifikat AIR-Pneumo dengan membaca secara blind dan menggunakan panduan ILO. Hasil: Pneumokoniosis ditemukan pada 11/73 (15,1%). Median umur dari kelompok pneumokoniosis lebih tua dibandingkan kelompok bukan pneumokoniosis (51 [33-63] vs. 37.5 [18-85] umur dalam tahun, p=0.013). Seluruh subjek pada kelompok pneukoniosis bekerja > 6 tahun (p=0.001). Konsentrasi debu tertinggi pada kelompok pneumokoniosis dibandingkan kelompok yang bukan pneumokonisosis (61.41±103.98 vs. 14.92±55.17 mg/m3, p=0.030). Penelitian ini menunjukan lama bekerja dan kadar debu pada tambang merupakan faktor risiko pneumokoniosis walaupun tidak bermakna (OR=14.6, p=0.999 and OR=7.171, p=0.998). Kesimpulan: Proporsi pneumokoniosis pada pekerja tambang kapur pada penelitian ini sebesar 15,1% . Lama bekerja dan kadar debu pada tambang merupakan faktor risiko pneumokoniosis; namun tidak bermakna dalam penelitian ini.

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Background: Silica, asbestos, and coal dusts correlate with pneumoconiosis in mineworkers. The International Labour Organization (ILO) reported that 30-50% of workers in developing countries were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. This study aimed to identify pneumoconiosis among limestone workers in Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 73 limestone mineworkers from two limestone mining sites in Citatah Village, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia, as the subjects. Two out of three AIR-Pneumo-certified blinded readers decided the conclusive chest x-ray (CXR) report of pneumoconiosis for each subject according to the ILO guidelines. Results: Pneumoconiosis was found in 11/73 (15.1%) subjects. The median age of pneumoconiosis group was older compared to the non-pneumoconiosis group (51 [33-63] vs. 37.5 [18-85] years old, p=0.013). All subjects in the pneumoconiosis group were of >6 years of working duration (p=0.001). The dust concentration was higher at the mining site of the pneumoconiosis group compared to the mining site of the non-pneumoconiosis group (61.41±103.98 vs. 14.92±55.17 mg/m3, p=0.030). This study showed that working duration and mining site dust concentration were risk factors for pneumoconiosis; however, with no significance (OR=14.6, p=0.999 and OR=7.171, p=0.998, respectively). Conclusion: The proportion of pneumoconiosis in limestone mine workers in this study was 15.1%. Working duration and mining site dust concentration were risk factors for pneumoconiosis; however, no significance was found from this study.

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ABSTRAK Kesempatan bekerja bagi penyandang disabilitas kini sudah mulai terbuka di beberapa perusahaan baik perusahaa BUMN maupun perusahaan swasta karena pegawai disabilitas mampu membuktikan bahwa kinerja pegawai disabilitas sangat efektif sesuai dengan target yang telah ditentukan oleh perusahaan. Namun perusahaan tidak dapat hanya melihat pegawai disabilitas sebagai sumber daya manusia yang bekerja tanpa memperhatikan kesejahteraan dan peningkatan kemampuan pegawai disabilitasnya terutama dalam hal pengembangan karir seperti menjadi ahli di bidang pekerjaannya serta tersedianya aksesibilitas berbagai fasilitas penunjang yang dapat mendukgung mobilitas pegawai dalam beraktivitas. ILO sebagai organisasi perburuhan telah menyusun standar pengelolaan tenaga kerja disabilitas di dunia kerja agar dapat tercipta situasi kerja yang tidak diskriminatif dan inklusif. Dalam hal ini pengalaman penyandang disabilitas sangat diperlukan dalam menilai kemampuan perusahaan untuk memenuhi kriteria pengelolaan tenaga kerja disabilitas yang sesuai dengan guidelines ILO. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian tentang pengalaman bekerja para pegawai disabilitas selama bekerja di perusahaan BUMN dan perusahaan swasta berdasarkan perspektif penyandang disabilitas sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus pengambilan sampel informan melalui teknik snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa dalam perekrutan perusahaan terhadap pegawai disabilitas masih mengandung diskriminasi sebab hanya penyandang disabilitas yang berada di Balai saja yang mendapat kesempatan bekerja namun tidak seluruh penyadang disabilitas angkatan kerja selain itu dalam hal pengembangan karir dan pengadaan fasilitas umum yang masih belum aksesibel bagi pegawai disabilitas di perusahaan. Saran yang diberikan antara lain perusahaan dapat membuat kebijakan pengelolaan tenaga kerja disabilitas yang tidak diskriminatif sejak dalam tahapan rekrutmen, seleksi, pengembangan karir dan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang diperlukan bagi penyandang disabilitas sesuai dengan yang diharapkan pada guidelines ILO terkait pengelolaan penyandang disabilitas dalam dunia kerja dan sejalan dengan harapan umum yang diinginkan oleh UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas juga sehingga dapat mewujudkan workplace inclusion dalam dunia kerja.

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ABSTRACT Job opportunities for persons with disabilities have now begun to open in several companies, both state-owned enterprises and private companies because disability employees are able to prove that the performance of disability employees is very effective in accordance with the targets set by the company. But companies cannot only see disability employees as human resources who work without regard to welfare and increase the ability of their disability employees, especially in terms of career development such as becoming experts in their fields of work and the availability of accessibility to various supporting facilities that can support employee mobility in their activities. The ILO as a labor organization has set standards for managing disability labor in the world of work in order to create a non-discriminatory and inclusive work situation. In this case the experience of persons with disabilities is very necessary in assessing the ability of companies to meet the criteria for managing disability labor in accordance with ILO guidelines. For this reason, research was conducted on the experience of working with disability employees while working in state-owned companies and private companies based on the perspective of persons with disabilities themselves. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study of informant sampling through a snowball sampling technique. The results of the study found that the recruitment of companies with disability employees still contained discrimination because only persons with disabilities in the Balai had the opportunity to work but not all workers with disabilities other than that in terms of career development and provision of public facilities that were still not accessible for disabled employees. at the company. Suggestions given include companies can make policies for managing disability workers who are not discriminatory since the stages of recruitment, selection, career development and provision of facilities and infrastructure needed for persons with disabilities as expected in ILO guidelines related to the management of persons with disabilities in the world of work and in line with the general expectations desired by Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Disabled Persons as well so that they can realize workplace inclusion in the world of work.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ILO mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap perkembangan perburuhan di Jepang sebelum Perang Dunia II. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan sumber-sumber data sekunder. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskritif analitis. Dalam penulisannya, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sinkronis yang tidak selalu berdasarkan kronologi waktu. Ruang lingkup dalam penelitian ini adalah mulai dari periode Meiji hingga awal periode Showa, sebelum Jepang mengambil peran dalam Perang Dunia II (1939-1945). Tepatnya dimulai sejak tahun 1868 hingga 1941, sebelum Perang Pasifik (1941-1945). Walaupun ILO sendiri baru resmi berdiri pada tahun 1919 setelah Perang Dunia I, namun sangatlah penting untuk terlebih dahulu melihat keadaan perburuhan di Jepang sebelumnya sebagai bahan perbandingan. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui apakah ILO mempunyai pengaruh positif dalam perkembangan perburuhan di Jepang. Dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan uraian dan analisa dalam penelitian ini bahwa keberadaan ILO turut memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan positif perburuhan di Jepang sebelum Perang Dunia II. Dengan wakil buruh Jepang untuk konferensi ILO yang dipilh dari serikat-serikat buruh, pemerintah Jepang sudah mengakui keberadaan serikat-serikat buruh yang sebelumnya selalu ia represi. Selain itu, sesuai dengan konvensi ILO, pemerintah juga mulai meratifikasi legislasi-legislasi yang berhubungan dengan perburuhan serta menata administrasi perburuhan sehingga menjadi lebih terstruktur dan efisien. Hal ini turut membantu pemerintah dalam menekan radikalisme buruh. Lambat laun pemerintah Jepang mulai mentoleransi kepentingan para buruh dan menyadari bahwa perbaikan keadaan buruh pada akhirnya demi kemajuan perekonomian.

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The objective of this study is to ascertain whether if the International Labor Organization (ILO) contributed a positive influence in Japan's labor development before World War II. This is a literature study, based on secondary data sources. The study's method is analytical descriptive. Furthermore, this study is using a synchronic approach which is not always based on a time chronology. The scope of this study starts from the Meiji period until the early period of Showa, before Japan played a part in World War II (1939-1945). The precise date starts from year 1868 until 1941, before Pacific War (1941-1945). Although the ILO itself only had been founded in 1919, after World War I, it is very important to begin with studying the labor condition prior to 1919 as a comparative component. Therefore, the influence of ILO to the Japan's labor development could be assess. Based on the description and analysis in this study, it could be concluded that the ILO existence had an influence to the positive development of labor in prewar Japan. With the labor representative for ILO conference chosen from trade unions, the Japanese government had acknowledged the existence of trade unions whom before were repressed. Moreover, in accordance to the ILO convention, the government also ratified the labor legislations and made a structured and efficient labor administration. In doing so the government could contain the labor's radicalism to a minimum. Slowly the Japanese government could tolerate the labor's concern and realized that improving the labor's condition would eventually benefit the economy and the nations interest

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Lars Thomann examines the ILO's wide ranging efforts to achieve compliance with international labour standards adopted by the organization and ratified by its member states. The author draws on different compliance schools of various strands of international relations theory and discusses them against the background of the ILO's compliance efforts in general and regarding the abolition of forced labour in particular. He shows that even though the ILO has experience in bringing about compliance, given its seniority and is in many cases successful in doing so, it is not well equipped to deal with persistent cases of non-compliance.

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Salah satu dampak negatif perkembangan pembangunan khususnya industri adalah pencemaran lingkungan kerja. Debu adalah salah satu pajanan akibat proses industrialisasi yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan khususnya paru dan akan dapat mengakibatkan turunnya kualitas dan produktivitas kerja . Perusahaan P.T. A di Bandung Jawa Barat adalah salah satu usaha penambangan batuan untuk konstruksi bangunan yang diketahui mempunyai tingkat pajanan debu yang tinggi dan berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan paru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan paru pekerja perusahaan tersebut dengan menilai gambaran radiologi X ray paru berdasarkan klasifikasi standar internasional ILO. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 51 pekerja yang bekerja di dua unit bagian penambangan dan tiga unit bagian penggilingan. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui kadar debu lingkungan kerja kerja ke lima unit tersebut berkisar antara 2.09347 mg/m3 - 22.4887 mg/m3. Sedangkan Batas yang ditetapkan adalah 10 mg/m3, Prevalensi rate Pneumokoniosis adalah 9.8 % atau 5 orang dari 51 pekerja. Masa-kerja z 10 tahun berhubungan dengan timbulnya Pneumokoniosis di mana kemungkinannya 12 kali dibandingkan dengan masa kerja < 10 tahun. Demikian juga riwayat pekerjaan, bila pernah bekerja pada usaha sejenis berkemungkinan 22 kali untuk timbulnya Pneumokoniosis dibandingkan dengan riwayat tidak pernah bekerja pada usaha sejenis. Bagian penambangan dan bagian penggilingan mempunyai risiko yang sama untuk timbulnya Pneumokoniosis. Dari 51 pekerja , 95.1 % diketahui memakai APD yang buruk. Tidak didapat hubungan pemakaian APD, jenis kelamin dengan Pneumokoniosis. Usia pekerja, jarak tempat tinggal ke perusahaan juga tidak ada hubungan walaupun dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat model. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masa kerja dan pernah bekerja pada usaha sejenis mempunyai hubungan untuk timbulnya Pneumokoniosis. Dengan melihat hasil penelitian tersebut disarankan, adanya pemeriksaan khusus paru pra kerja dan berkala maupun khusus melalui pemeriksaan X ray paru ataupun Spirometer. Demikian juga pemeriksaan jenis batu/debu untuk mengetahui kadar silika bebas. Sebagai saran tambahan agar dilakukan rotasi pekerja untuk menghindarkan pajanan yang tinggi dan lama. Daftar bacaan = 40 ( 1979 - 1997)

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Epidemiological Analysis of Pneumoconiosis Based on Chest X-Ray Radiograph Standard Classification of International Labour Organization (ILO) Among Workers of Stone Mine in `A' Corporated in Bandung West JavaOne of negative impact of industrial development is pollution in occupational environment. Dust is one of exposures as an industrialization process which can cause health disorder especially lung and also decrease work quality and productivity. "A" Corporated, located in Bandung West Java is one of business in stone mine for building construction known high level of dust exposure and potential to cause lung disorder. The objective of this research is to find the condition of lung health of company workers by examine radiology description of Chest X ray based on standard ILO classification. Research methodology is descriptive analytic conducted by cross sectional approach which is carried out among 51 workers in two mining unit in section and three unit mill section. Result found that, dust concentration in occupational environment in five unit section range between 2.09347 mglm3 - 22.4887 mg/m3. Where as limit value determined is 10 mglm3. Pneumoconiosis prevalency rate is 9.8 % or 5 (five) of 51 workers.The length of work ? 10 years has relationship with Pneumoconiosis where ats possibility is 12 times compared to length of work < 10 years. Also the history of work, if the workers have worked in same business, the possibility to get Pneumoconiosis is 22 times compared to the workers with to history that they never worked in the same business. Both mining and mill unit section have same risk of Pneumoconiosis. Result found that from 51 workers, 95.1 % of them wear poor APD. There is no relationship between APD usage, sex and Pneumoconiosis. And there is no relationship between workers age, distance from residence to the company and Pneumoconiosis , ever though they are possible to be a model candidate. Resift concluded that the variable of length of work and had worked in the same business have relationship with Pneumoconiosis. Based on this condition, we may able to suggested company should be lung examine before work and periodically by using X ray or Spirometer. The kind of stone and dust also should be examine to find out the content of free silicate and also rotation of workers should be conducted periodically. References : 40 (1979 - 1997)

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Penelitian ini mengkesplorasi persoalan paradoks tentang bagaimana ketimpangan standar perburuhan serta kondisi kerja antar negara di ASEAN dapat terjadi meskipun kondisi kerja yang adil dan layak telah diposisikan sebagai standar universal. Melalui pendekatan pascarukturalisme, penelitian ini fokus untuk memahami dua bentuk konstruksi realitas yaitu konstruksi tatanan perburuhan internasional, dan konstruksi tatanan ekonomi politik global dan regional ASEAN yang berkaitan dengan perdagangan, standar perburuhan, dan penciptaan kondisi kerja. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tata kelola penerapan konvensi-konvensi ILO merupakan persoalan mendasar yang mengkondisikan ketimpangan standar perburuhan antar negara. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak adanya standar perburuhan di dalam perjanjian perdagangan bebas antar negara ASEAN juga turut mengkondisikan ketimpangan standar perburuhan antar negara ASEAN semakin langgeng.

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This research explores a paradox problem on how inequality of labor standards and working condition among ASEAN Nations could be existed even though a fair and decent working condition has been positioned as universal standard. Through post-structuralism approach, this research focuses on understanding two forms of reality construction, which are construction on international labor order and construction on global and ASEAN regional political economy order that related to trade, labor standards, and the creation of working condition. This research finds out that the governance on ILO conventions application is a basic matter which conditioned inequality on labor standards among nations. This research also finds that the absence of labor standards in the free trade agreement among ASEAN nations is also making the inequality of labor standards among ASEAN nations imperishable.