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"The internal control system (ICS) in the local government of Lumajang (IAQ) that held was not effective. We guess that the problem because of internal audit quality (IAQ)that held was poor. The purpose of this research waas to asses the influence of internal audit quality (IAQ) to the auditee's internal control system (ICS) effectivity. Based on a questionnaire survey of an 22 inspektorat's auditor teams of lumajang regency, data are analysed using a component based structural equation model (CBSEM) with smart - PLS program. The result showed that: there was a significant positive influence of internal audit quality (IAQ) to the effectiveness of auditee's internal contrl system (ICS). These results suggest that to improve the effectiveness of auditee's ICS, can conduct through improve the IAQ with increasing the skills and personal qualities of internal auditor, the effectiveness of the audit process, and the reliability and usefulness of internal audit reporting."

"Urbanisasi terus mendegradasi komponen vital lingkungan, termasuk kualitas udara. Studi BPS menunjukkan mayoritas ventilasi udara di rumah secara nasional tidak memadai. Studi ini mengaitkan kualitas udara dalam ruang (KUDR) hunian urban dengan status sosioekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh status sosioekonomi terhadap karakteristik penghuni yang berhubungan dengan kualitas udara lingkungan, kondisi fisik hunian, dan KUDR hunian; dan merumuskan strategi kebijakan pemerintah terkait KUDR hunian. Penentuan sampel riset di RW 10, Pasar Manggis, Jakarta Selatan, ini menggunakan stratified convenience sampling, dengan 2 tipe akses rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan mixed method. Pengambilan data dengan wawancara, observasi fisik hunian, dan pemantauan KUDR selama 12 jam untuk PM2.5, suhu, dan kelembaban. Data kualitas udara lingkungan dari stasiun pengukuran udara ambien terdekat didapat secara daring. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan status sosioekonomi berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik penghuni yang memengaruhi KUDR. Analisis regresi linier berganda dengan Statplus dan Microsoft Excel menunjukkan tingkat pengaruh antar variabel dan menghasilkan persamaan prediksi. Temuan kesenjangan terhadap standar menjadi masukan untuk strategi kebijakan pemerintah terkait KUDR hunian. Temuan kualitatif menunjukkan komunitas hunian urban padat yang sudah tinggal bersama dalam waktu lama memiliki toleransi yang tinggi terhadap penurunan KUDR akibat akitivitas usaha tetangganya dan perilaku merokok di rumah.

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Urbanization continues to degrade vital components of environment, including air quality. BPS study showed the majority of home air ventilation is not adequate. This study associates indoor air quality (IAQ) of urban residentials with socioeconomic status. The aims of this study were to analyze the influence of socioeconomic status on occupant characteristics related to the environmental air quality, residential physical condition, and IAQ; and formulate government policy strategies related to residential IAQ. Determination of the research sample in RW 10, Pasar Manggis, South Jakarta, used stratified convenience sampling, with 2 types of home access. This research used quantitative approach and mixed method. Data were collected by interviews, physical observation, and 12-hour IAQ monitoring for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity. Environmental air quality data from the nearest ambient air measurement station is obtained online. Descriptive analysis showed that socioeconomic status has an influence on occupant characteristics that affect IAQ. Multiple linear regression analysis with Statplus and Microsoft Excel showed the level of influence between variables and produced predictive equation. The finding of gaps against standards becomes input for the government's policy strategy related to residential IAQ. Qualitative findings show that dense urban residential communities who have lived together for a long time have a high tolerance for the decline in IAQ due to the businesses activities of their neighbors and home-smoking behaviour."

"Sejak tahun 2012, salah satu Perusahaan Migas memiliki permasalahan kualitas udara yang belum dapat teratasi hingga saat ini, yaitu kelembaban relative (RH) yang tinggi dan pertumbuhan mikrobiologi (jamur dan bakteri) di dalam ruangan pada bangunan akomodasi dan perkantoran. Hingga akhirnya modifikasi sistem HVAC, perbaikan bangunan bocor dan pemasangan UV-C light telah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi efektivitas pengendalian sistem tata udara dalam mengatasi permasalahan kualitas udara. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional kuantitatif dengan analisis uji statistik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan statistik deskriptif dan uji komparasi pada parameter IAQ dan gejala SBS sebelum dan setelah modifikasi. Parameter IAQ meliputi temperatur, RH, air movement, VOC, CO2, O2, serta total jamur dan bakteri di udara dan permukaan. Agar dapat memberikan rekomendasi yang tepat dilakukan pula uji korelasi untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara parameter fisik dan kimia terhadap pertumbuhan mikrobiologi, serta pengaruh thermoregulation behavior dan aktivitas penghuni terhadap kondisi kualitas udara dan gejala keluhan SBS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kualitas udara setelah modifikasi (HVAC dan UV-C light) mengalami perbaikan kondisi yang signifikan pada parameter RH, bakteri dan jamur di udara, bakteri dan jamur di permukaan. Thermoregulation behavior, aktivitas penghuni dan gejala SBS memiliki perubahan yang baik setelah modifikasi. Kelembaban relatif (RH), CO2 dan O2 signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikrobiologi (jamur dan bakteri) di dalam ruangan. Aktivitas penghuni dan thermoregulation behavior secara signifikan mempengaruhi kondisi kualitas udara dan gejala keluhan SBS. Modifikasi HVAC dan perbaikan bangunan bocor terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan RH di dalam ruangan. Pemasangan UV-C light pada sistem HVAC dan UV-C light portable terbukti efektif untuk mendisinfeksi jamur dan bakteri di udara, jamur di permukaan diffuser dan sistem HVAC di bangunan akomodasi dan perkantoran. Pengendalian sistem tata udara (HVAC dan UV-C light) secara signifikan dapat memperbaiki permasalahan kualitas udara, namun kondisi ini harus selalu dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan untuk mencapai kondisi sesuai dengan standar KUDR. Rekomendasi mitigasi yang diberikan diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan kualitas udara tersebut.

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Since 2012, an Oil and Gas Company has Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems that have not been resolved until now, such as the high relative humidity (RH) and microbiological growth (mold and bacteria) indoors in accommodation and office buildings. Finally, the HVAC system modifications, leaking building repairs and UV-C light installation have been implemented. Therefore, an evaluation of the effectiveness of HVAC system control is needed in addressing IAQ problems. Research design is a quantitative cross sectional study with statistical analysis. The study was conducted with descriptive statistics and statistical comparative tests on IAQ parameters and SBS symptoms before and after modification. The IAQ parameters include temperature, RH, air movement, VOC, CO2, O2, total mold and total bacteria in ambient air and surface area. In order to provide appropriate recommendations, statistical correlation tests were conducted to analyze the influence between physical and chemical IAQ parameters on microbiological growth, as well as the influence of thermoregulation behaviour and occupant activity on air quality conditions and SBS symptoms. The study results showed that IAQ conditions after modification (HVAC and UV-C light) has significant improvements in RH, bacteria and mold in ambient air, bacteria and fungi on the surface. Thermoregulation behaviour, occupant activity and SBS symptoms have good changes after modification. RH, CO2 and O2 significantly affect the microbiological growth (mold and bacteria) indoors. Occupant activity and thermoregulation behaviour significantly affected IAQ conditions and SBS symptoms. HVAC modifications and leaky building repairs have proven effective in lowering RH indoors. Installation of UV-C light on HVAC systems and portable UV-C light has proven effective for disinfecting airborne molds and bacteria, mold on diffuser surfaces and HVAC systems in accommodation and office buildings. Modification of HVAC systems and UV-C light can significantly improve IAQ problems, but these conditions must always be maintained and improved to achieve acceptable conditions based on IAQ standards. Mitigation recommendations are expected to solve the air quality problem."

"Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan tingkat konsumsi rokok tertinggi, yang berdampak pada kebutuhan akan ruang merokok yang memadai. Aktivitas merokok di ruang tertutup menghasilkan polutan berbahaya seperti PM2.5, karbon monoksida (CO), nikotin, dan senyawa organik volatil (VOC), yang dapat merusak kualitas udara dan membahayakan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas udara dalam ruang merokok indoor dan mengevaluasi strategi desain ruang merokok berdasarkan standar kualitas udara yang ada. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian teori dan studi kasus untuk memahami penerapan sistem pengudaraan, termasuk ventilasi alami dan mekanis, serta solusi desain ruang yang dapat mengurangi polutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ventilasi mekanis dan alami, serta penerapan penghalang fisik dan segregasi ruang, dapat efektif mengurangi kadar polutan dan meningkatkan kualitas udara dalam ruang merokok. Desain yang optimal memerlukan perencanaan yang matang, termasuk pemilihan teknologi tepat dan pengaturan pola penggunaan ruang. Penerapan sistem ventilasi yang efisien dan desain ruang yang tepat sangat penting dalam menciptakan ruang merokok yang aman dan nyaman, serta mengurangi risiko kesehatan penghuni.

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Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest smoking consumption rates, which impacts the demand for adequate smoking spaces. Smoking activities in enclosed spaces generate harmful pollutants such as PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), nicotine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can damage air quality and pose health risks. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting indoor air quality in smoking areas and evaluate smoking room design strategies based on existing air quality standards. The research method involves a theoretical review and case studies to understand the application of ventilation systems, including natural and mechanical ventilation, as well as design solutions that can reduce pollutants. The results show that a combination of mechanical and natural ventilation, along with the implementation of physical barriers and space segregation, can effectively reduce pollutant levels and improve air quality in smoking rooms. Optimal design requires careful planning, including the selection of appropriate technologies and management of space usage patterns. The implementation of an efficient ventilation system and proper room design is crucial in creating a safe and comfortable smoking space, while reducing health risks for occupants. "