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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik dan faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan kehamilan remaja pada empat negara di Asia Tenggara, yaitu Indonesia, Filipina, Kamboja, dan Myanmar dengan menggunakan analisis multilevel regresi logistik. Data Demographic and Health Survey digunakan sebagai data pada level individu. Data level kontekstual menggunakan data indikator sosial dan ekonomi dari masing-masing negara. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh bahwa penentu utama kejadian kehamilan remaja adalah variabel individual. Durasi lama pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, dan pengetahuan tentang alat kontrasepsi berhubungan dengan kehamilan remaja di empat negara. Analisis data yang bersifat cross sectional menjadi keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini. ...... This study aims to analyze the characteristics and factors related to teenage pregnancy in four countries in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia and Myanmar by using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Demographic and Health Survey data is used as data at the individual level. Contextual level data uses social and economic indicator data from each country. The results of data processing obtained that the main determinant of the incidence of teenage pregnancy is an individual variable. The years of schooling, socioeconomic status, and knowledge about contraception are related to teenage pregnancy in four countries.

Abstrak :
Pemberdayaan perempuan menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam pembangunan. Kurangnya pemberdayaan perempuan dapat menyebabkan hasil negatif pada kesehatan dan kematian anak. Kesehatan anak menjadi bagian dari sustainable development goals (2030) yang dapat dilihat melalui penurunan angka kematian bayi dan balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh pemberdayaan perempuan terhadap kematian balita setelah di kontrol dengan variabel umur ibu, daerah tempat tinggal, pendidikan suami, jarak lahir, paritas, status imunisasi dasar, dan berat lahir. Sampel berjumlah 16.409 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun yang terakhir melahirkan pada periode tahun 2012-2017 diambil dari SDKI 2017. Pemberdayaan perempuan diukur dengan menggunakan indeks komposit yang dibangun dari empat indikator yaitu tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan rumah tangga dan sikap istri terhadap pemukulan yang dilakukan suami dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Selanjutnya, estimasi pengaruh pemberdayaan perempuan terhadap kematian balita menggunakan model regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemberdayaan perempuan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kematian balita setelah dikontrol dengan umur ibu saat melahirkan, jarak lahir, dan berat lahir. Komponen pemberdayaan perempuan yaitu status pekerjaan (p <0,001; AOR: 1,49 ; 95% CI: 1,21-1,83) memiliki pengaruh secara statistik dengan kematian balita, sedangkan faktor tingkat pendidikan (p 0,666; AOR: 0,93; 95% CI: 0,72-1,30), partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan keluarga (p 0,732; AOR: 1,08; 95% CI: 0,68-1,72), dan sikap istri terhadap pemukulan yang dilakukan suami (p 0,806; AOR: 1,03; 95% CI: 0,83-1,26) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan kematian balita. Hal ini menekankan pentingnya pemberdayaan perempuan untuk mengurangi kematian balita. ......Women’s empowerment has generally been recognized as one of the most important factors for development. A lack of empowerment may lead to negative outcomes on child health and mortality. Child health being part of sustainable development goals (2030) can be traced through reduced infant and under five mortality rates. The present study is an attempt to examine the association between women’s empowerment and under five mortality. Sample of 16.409 women aged 15-49 years who had their last childbirth in period 2012-2017 were drawn from 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Composite index was considered to measure women’s empowerment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been employed to measure women's empowerment using four indicators, namely education level, employment status, participation in household decision-making and attitude toward wife beating. Adjusted associations between women’s empowerment and under five mortality were examined using binary logistic regression by controlling the influence of socioeconomic and biodemographic variables as potential confounders. The findings from multivariate analysis indicated statistically significant associations between women empowerment and under five mortality after controlled by maternal age, birth interval, and birth weight. Working women were 1,49 times more likely to experienced under-five mortality (95% CI=1,21-1,83). However, education level, participation in household decision-making and attitude toward wife beating were not associated with under-five mortality. This highlights the importance of women’s empowerment by increasing women’s educational level, participation in labor force, and reducing women’s vulnerability to domestic violence in efforts to reduce infant mortality.

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The major cause of mortalities in Indonesia shifs to Non Communicable risk faktors that related to physiological factors (intermediate risk factors) i.e. hypertension, obesity, and central obesity, diabetes....

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Background: Each kidney injury may develop into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) that associates with high mortality and socio-economic burden. There is limited data about clinical characteristics of children having CKD in developing countries, espesially in Indonesia. Objective: To describe clinical profiles and characteristics of kidney diseases in adolescents aged 15-18 years. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which used data from National Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013. There were 2 data groups. The first data group included questionnaires about history of kidney stone disease, hypertension, chronic renal failure, antihypertension administration, and blood pressure measurement. The second data group included subsamples of the first group which had laboratory test results, i.e. hemoglobin and serum creatinine levels. All of the data were classified by nutritional status, estimated glomerulofiltration rate (eGFR), blood pressure classification, and hemoglobin level. Results: Among 52,454 adolescents in the first data group, 20,537 (39%) had kidney diseases with female predominance and good nutritional status. Other findings found were history of kidney stone disease (0.2%), chronic renal failure (0.1%), history of hypertension (0.6%), antihypertensive agents consumption (0.1%). Prehypertension and hypertension were found in 51% and 48.3% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescents with decreased eGFR were accounted for 1.4%. Conclusion: The proportion of prehypertension and hypertension in adolescents aged 15-18 years in Indonesia is high. Hence, routine blood pressure measurement is important for early detection and prevention of kidney disease progression.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Kejadian perundungan pada remaja di Indonesia terutama pada pelajar menempati urutan kelima tertinggi diantara 78 negara pada tahun 2018. Dampak dari perundungan yakni terkait dengan aspek fisik, mental, sosial serta memungkinkan perilaku berisiko yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup remaja. Perundungan yang terjadi pada remaja disebabkan berbagai faktor diantaranya faktor individu dan faktor sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor sosial dan faktor individu dengan kejadian perundungan pada remaja di Indonesia berdasarkan data GSHS 2015. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2015 dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah remaja umur 10-19 tahun yang menjawab variabel penelitian secara lengkap (n=9.500). Analisis univariat dilakukan dengan menampilkan frekuensi dan presentase, sedangkan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dan menghitung odds ratio (OR). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20,1% remaja di Indonesia mengalami kejadian perundungan selama 30 hari terakhir. Diketahui bahwa remaja yang tidak memiliki teman dekat (POR: 1,59; CI:1,20-2,10), tidak mendapat dukungan teman sebaya (POR: 1,51; CI:1,35-1,67), orang tua yang tidak peduli (POR: 1,12; CI: 1,00- 1,24), dan orang tua yang tidak mengawasi (POR: 1,38; CI: 1,25-1,54), untuk memiliki odds yang lebih tinggi mengalami kejadian perundungan. Remaja laki-laki (POR: 1,43; CI: 1,30-1,59), berusia 14 tahun kebawah (POR: 1,12; CI: 1,01-1,24) dan memiliki status kerawanan pangan (POR: 2,37; CI: 1,91-2,94) memiliki odds yang lebih tinggi mengalami perundungan. Kesimpulan: Faktor sosial orang tua dan teman serta faktor individu menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian perundungan. Diharapkan penelitian selanjutnya melakukan analisis multivariat untuk melihat besar pengaruh tiap variabel. ......Background: Incidence of adolescent bullying in Indonesia, particularly among students, is fifth highest among 78 countries in 2018. Impacts of bullying are related to physical, mental, and social aspects, and it can lead to risky behaviors affecting the adolescent’s quality of life. Bullying among adolescents is caused by various factors, including individual and social factors. This study aims to determine the association between social and individual factors with the incidence of bullying among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: This study uses secondary data from the 2015 Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) with a cross-sectional study design. Sample consists of adolescents aged 10-19 years who completed the survey variables (n=9,500). Univariate analysis was performed by presenting frequencies and percentages, while bivariate analysis used the chi-square test and with odds ratio (OR). Results: that 20.1% of adolescents in Indonesia experienced bullying in the past 30 days. Adolescents who did not have close friends (POR: 1.59; CI: 1.20-2.10), did not receive peer support (POR: 1.51; CI: 1.35-1.67), had indifferent parents (POR: 1.12; CI: 1.00-1.24), and unsupervised by parents (POR: 1.38; CI: 1.25-1.54) had higher odds of experiencing bullying. Male adolescents (POR: 1.43; CI: 1.30-1.59), aged 14 years or younger (POR: 1.12; CI: 1.01- 1.24), and food insecurity (POR: 2.37; CI: 1.91-2.94) also had higher odds of experiencing bullying. Conclusion: Parental and peer social factors as well as individual factors associate with the incidence of bullying. Future research is to conducting multivariate analysis to determine the influence of each variable is recommended.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Preeklamsia/eklamsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penyumbang kematian ibu di Indonesia.Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia saat ini tergolong masih tinggi di negara Asia.Salah satu penyebab terjadinya preeklamsia/eklamsia diduga adalah adanya obesitas pada ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan prevalensi faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya preeklamsia/eklamsia serta mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas dengan kejadian preeklamsia/eklamsia pada ibu saat hamil atau bersalin di Indonesia tahun 2010 setelah dikendalikan oleh variabel usia ibu, jumlah paritas, pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi, berat badan lahir bayi, riwayat merokok, riwayat abortus, kunjungan pelayanan antenatal dan kualitas pelayanan antenatal. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistic ganda. Sampel penelitian dengan mengambil semua sampel Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2010 yang eligible dari 33 provinsi yaitu sebanyak 5.112 responden (obesitas sebanyak 680 responden dan tidak obesitas sebanyak 4.432 responden), yang diambil dengan metode stratified two stagecluster design. Hasil penelitian terlihat prevalensi obesitas sebesar 13,30% dan preeklamsia/eklamsia sebesar 3,91%. Terdapat hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian preeklamsia/eklamsia dengan Odd Ratio (OR) sebesar 1,88 (95% CI 1,33-2,66) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel usia ibu, berat badan lahir dan riwayat merokok. Jadi obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor yang cukup penting dalam menyebabkan terjadinya preeklamsia/eklamsia.Oleh karena itu pemerintah dan masyarakat perlu berperan aktif dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya preeklamsia/eklamsia dengan menjaga berat badan ideal sejak usia remaja sehingga tidak mengalami obesitas pada saat hamil.

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ABSTRACT
Preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high in Asian countries. One of the causes of preeclampsia/eclampsia is maternal obesity. The aim of this studyis to know the distribution and prevalence of the factors that could affect the occurrence of preeclampsia/eclampsia and to know the association of the obesity and preeclampsia/eclampsia in the mother during pregnancy or delivery in Indonesiain 2010,after controlled by maternal age, parity, mother's occupation, mother's education level, economic status, birth weight, history of smoking, history of abortion, antenatal visits and quality of antenatal care variable. Study design is cross-sectional using multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The study sample by taking all sampled that eligible in 2010 Basic Health Survey are 5,112 respondents (680 respondents obese and 4,432 respondents non-obese). Study result is shown the prevalence of obesity was 13.30% and preeclampsia/eclampsia was 3.91%. There is a relationship of obesity and preeclampsia/eclampsia with Odds Ratios (OR) of 1,88 (95% CI1,33 to 2,66) after controlled by maternal age, birth weight and smoking history variable. So, obesity is a significant factor in the cause of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Therefore, the government and community should play an active role in the prevention of preeclampsia/eclampsia with maintaining a healthy weight since their teens so not obese during pregnancy.

Abstrak :

Berdasarkan data survey nasional, cakupan pemeriksaan ANC di Indonesia secara umum mengalami peningkatan pada tiap tahunnya tetapi terdapat perbedaan cakupan yang cukup tinggi antara wanita dengan karakteristik latar belakang yang berbeda. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah mengidentifikasi hubungan yang positif antara pemberdayaan wanita dengan penggunaan pelayanan ANC. Namun, masih sedikit informasi yang tersedia mengenai hubungan pemberdayaan wanita dengan cakupan pemeriksaan kehamilan ANC, terutama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberdayaan wanita dengan cakupan pemeriksaan kehamilan ANC di Indonesia tahun 2017 menggunakan data hasil Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 6397 wanita usia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak dalam periode 2 tahun sebelum survei dan berstatus menikah. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p-value = 0,001) antara pemberdayaan wanita dengan cakupan pemeriksaan ANC, dengan nilai OR adjusted = 1,216 (95% CI: 1,078 – 1,371). Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perhatian terhadap pemberdayaan wanita dalam mengembangkan program dan intervensi terkait pelayanan kesehatan maternal.

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Antenatal care coverage in Indonesia has been constantly increasing over the years according to the country’s national survey data, however, there is a huge gap in coverage between women with different background characteristics. Recent studies have identified the positive association between women’s empowerment and the utilization of antenatal care. However, little information is available regarding the association between women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage, especially in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to determine the association between women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage in Indonesia in 2017, using the recent national Demographic and Health Survey data. This study used a sample of 6397 married women aged 15-49 who gave birth to children in the period of 2 years before the survey was conducted. The result of multivariate analysis shown an association that is statistically significant (p-value = 0,001) between women’s empowerment and antenatal care coverage, with adjusted odds ratio = 1,216 (95% CI: 1,078 – 1,371). Therefore, there is a need for attention for women’s empowerment in developing programs and interventions related to maternal health care.