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Abstrak :
Satelit GSO merupakan satelit yang pada kondisi ideal akan memiliki inklinasi dan eksentrisitas nol serta berada pada posisi yang tetap di angkasa. Tapi pada kenyataannya terdapat berbagai macam gaya yang menghasilkan gangguan yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pada orbit satelit GSO. Oleh karena itu perlu dikaji mengenai gangguan itu dan efeknya pada orbit satelit GSO. Pada tulisan ini akan dikaji gangguan dan efeknya yang terjadi pada satelit GSO.

Abstrak :
GSO segment above the Indonesia area was ever claimed by Indonesia's Government under its sovereignty, but in the subsequent development its sovereignty claim was changed to the preservation right claim in the use to put satellite in a certain place. Ratification of the 1967 space treaty made by Indonesia could influential to the position of Indonesia against the claimed to the GSO segment. The juridical and comparative method was used to examination the data above, the data was examined qualitatively. From the examination's data could be concluded that after the ratification's Indonesia cannot based on the reason again that Indonesia did not bound the 1967 Space Treaty against the Indonesian's claims in the GOS segment. Although Indonesia still have an interest for the sake of use in the GSO segment, but the Indonesia has to implement the Space Treaty 1967 in its activities.

Abstrak :
Orbit Bumi paling strategis untuk mendapatkan manfaat terbesar dari penggunaan satelit merupakan Orbit Geostasioner. Penggunaan Orbit Geostasioner, yakni disebut sebagai ‘alokasi’, diatur secara khusus oleh International Telecommunications Union dan bertujuan agar negara dapat meluncurkan dan menempatkan satelit pada orbit tersebut. Namun disaat yang sama, permintaan tinggi dan persaingan ketat untuk mendapatkan izin tersebut mendesak negara untuk melakukan permintaan posisi Orbit Geostasioner di atas kertas tanpa melaksanakan penggunaan orbit yang telah diberikan. Fenomena tersebut dikenal sebagai fenomena paper satellites dan menjadi metode yang digunakan oleh negarauntuk menyalahgunakan alokasi Orbit Geostasioner. Melalui metode penelitian normatif-yuridis serta berbagai bahan kepustakaan, penelitian dalam Skripsi ini membahas tentang fenomena ‘paper satellites’ melalui praktik pemanfaatan alokasi Orbit Geostasioner negara Tonga, Iran, dan Indonesia. Berdasarkan praktik Tonga dan Iran, kekurangan pengaturan ITU terhadap ketentuan pencatatan alokasi Orbit Geostasioner dalam Master International Frequency Register dan kekurangan pengaturan ITU terhadap ketentuan bring into use menyebabkan praktik paper satellites terjadi.Oleh karena itu, ketidaksiapan ITU dalam mengantisipasi fenomena paper satellites menyebabkan negara menyalahgunakan alokasi Orbit Geostasioner. Namun berdasarkan praktik Indonesia, tidak semua praktik negara yang terduga sebagai fenomena paper satellites dapat dianggap fenomena paper satellites berdasarkan keadaan dan kondisi tertentu. ......The Geostationary Orbit is the most strategic orbit for satellite usage. The usage of a Geostationary Orbit, which is referred to as an ’allocation’, is regulated by the International Telecommunications Union and the permit to use such orbit is meant to enable a country to launch and place a satellited in a specific Geostationary Orbit. However, high demands and intense competition for these permits have forced countries to request Geostationary Orbital positions on paper without carrying out the use of the Geostationary Orbit that have been granted. These phenomena is known as paper satellites, or satellites on paper and has become a method to misuse the allocation of Geostationary Orbits. Through a normative-juridical study method which was sourced from various bibliographical materials, this Thesis discusses the phenomena of 'paper satellites', through the state practices of Tonga, Iran, and Indonesia. Based on the state practices of Tonga and Iran, The lack of ITU regulations regarding the provisions for recording Geostationary Orbit allocations in the Master Internatinal Frequency Register and the lack of ITU regulations regarding the provisions for the “bring into use” of Geostationary Orbit allocations allowed the paper satellites phenomena to occur. Therefore, ITU was unprepared in anticapting the phenomenon of paper satellites which lead to the misuse of Geostasionary Orbit allocations. However, based on certain conditions and circumstances found in the state practice of Indonesia, not all suspected state practices can be considered as a paper satellite phenomenon.