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Latar Belakang: Pasien dengan keganasan gaster berisiko tinggi mengalami malnutrisi. Terapi kuratif utama pada pasien keganasan gaster adalah tindakan operasi, sehingga diperlukan dukungan terapi medik gizi perioperatif yang dapat menunjang perbaikan status gizi, kapasitas fungsional, dan kualitas hidup. Metode: Pasien pada serial kasus adalah dua laki-laki dan dua perempuan, berusia 34-64 tahun, dengan diagnosis tiga pasien dengan karsinoma gaster, dan satu pasien gastrointestinal stromal tumor gaster stadium lanjut. Terapi medik gizi praoperasi diberikan dalam bentuk oral dan parenteral. Pada enam jam sebelum tindakan operasi, dua pasien mendapatkan nutrisi parenteral, dan dua pasien mendapatkan nutrisi oral. Pasien pascaoperasi juga mendapatkan nutrisi enteral dini dalam 48 jam pertama. Hasil: Pasien pasca gastrektomi selama mendapatkan nutrisi perioperatif, tiga pasien mengalami proses penyembuhan luka yang baik, sedangkan satu pasien mengalami komplikasi pascaoperasi berupa fistula enterokutan yang kemudian mengalami pemulihan, dan satu pasien mengalami hiperglikemia dipengaruhi oleh tindakan pankreatektomi distal. Lama masa rawat inap pasien antara 21-31 hari. Semua pasien pascaoperasi mengalami peningkatan kapasitas fungsional. ......Background: Patients with gastric malignancy have high risk of malnutrition. The main curative therapy in patients with gastric malignancies is surgery, so it requires the support of perioperative nutritional therapy which could support the improvement of nutritional status, functional capacity, and quality of life. Methods: Patients in this case series were two men and two women, aged 34-64 years, and the diagnosis of three patients are advanced gastric carcinoma, and one patient with advanced gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Preoperative nutritional therapy was given in oral and parenteral route. At six hours before surgery, two patients received parenteral nutrition, and two patients received oral nutrition. All patients also got early enteral nutrition in the first 48 hours after surgery. Results: Patients after gastrectomy during obtaining perioperative nutrition, three patients experienced a good wound healing process, while one patient experienced postoperative complications in the form of enterocutaneous fistula which later recovered, and one patient experienced hyperglycemia that affected by distal pancreatectomy. The length of stay for patients was between 21-31 days, after surgery all patients had increased functional capacity. Conclusion: Perioperative nutritional therapy in gastric malignancies patients undergoing gastrectomy could help improve the nutritional status and functional capacity.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Malnutrisi terjadi pada 80 karsinoma gaster. Pasien kanker yang menjalani pembedahan memerlukan dukungan nutrisi perioperatif dengan tujuan meningkatkan status gizi, mengurangi sensitivitas insulin dan menurunkan proses katabolisme. Metode: Pasien serial kasus adalah perempuan dengan rentang usia 28-74 tahun dengan diagnosis karsinoma gaster stadium lanjut. Terapi medik gizi prabedah diberikan dalam bentuk nutrisi oral dan enteral untuk mendukung kecukupan status gizi. Enam jam menjelang pembedahan, tiga pasien mendapatkan nutrisi parenteral formula glukosa asam amino dengan kandungan 15 g protein dan 37,5 g asam amino, sedangkan satu pasien dengan penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus tipe 2 mendapatkan nutrisi berupa cairan glukosa 50 g. Hasil: Pasien diberikan nutrisi enteral dini 2-30 jam pascabedah gastrektomi disertai dengan dukungan nutrisi parenteral. Hanya satu pasien mengalami kenaikan glukosa darah pascabedah hari pertama, namun glukosa darah terkontrol dengan pemberian insulin. Klinis dan penyembuhan luka pascabedah baik, pasien mendapatkan nutrisi oral pada 3 ndash; 7 hari pascabedah. Kesimpulan: Terapi medik gizi perioperatif pada karsinoma gaster memberikan hasil yang baik pada outcome bedah.

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ABSTRACT<>br> Objective Almost 80 gastric carcinoma patients was malnourished. Perioperative nutrition aims to support nutrition status, reduce insulin resistance and lower hypercatabolic state. Methods Four patients in this case series were female, age ranged 28-74 years with end stage gastric carcinoma. Preoperative nutrition was given by oral and enteral to support nutrition status. Six hours prior to surgery, patients were given preoperative nutrition glucose amino acid formula in three patients and dextrose formula in one patient. Glucose amino acid formula contains 15 g protein and 37,5 g amino acid, while dextrose formula contains 50 g glucose. Results All of patients have early enteral nutrition within 2 ndash 30 hours postoperative. Only one patient have risen blood glucose level, but had been controlled by administer insulin. Postoperative wound healing were good, the patients have oral nutrition within 3 ndash 7 days postoperative. Conclusion Perioperative nutrition supports good clinical outcomes in gastric carcinoma patients.

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PURPOSE: To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer patients with a history of abdominal surgery (HAS).

METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data collected from gastric cancer patients with HAS, who underwent LG between 2004 and 2015. We compared the clinicopathological features that correlated with conversion to open surgery and the development of severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification of grade III or higher).

RESULTS: Of the 41 patients identified, 6 (14.6%) required conversion to open surgery. The incidence of conversion to open surgery was associated with a history of lower gastrointestinal tract surgery (p = 0.009), attempted laparoscopic total gastrectomy (p = 0.002), and excessive blood loss (p < 0.001). Severe postoperative complications developed in six patients (14.6%). Although the development of complications was associated with high postoperative serum C-reactive protein, the type of past abdominal surgery was not significantly correlated with severe complications.

CONCLUSIONS: LG was feasible for gastric cancer patients with a HAS, but for those with a history of lower abdominal surgery or those who require total gastrectomy, surgeons should carefully consider the indications for LG.

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Purpose: Whether or not gastrectomy is feasible for very elderly gastric cancer patients is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the feasibility and safety of surgical treatment for patients in this age group. Method: The study included 55 very elderly patients with resectable gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy (≥ 85 years of age; very-E group). The surgical outcomes were compared with those of 611 elderly patients (75-84 years old; E group). Results: Female sex, a poor physical and performance status, and a low serum albumin level patients were more frequent in the very-E group than in the E group. Lymphadenectomy was less aggressive in the very-E group than in the E group (P < 0.001). The overall postoperative complication rate was not significantly different between the groups (46 vs 33%; P = 0.073). A multivariate analysis to predict the overall survival identified male sex (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.30-2.36), low body mass index (2.19, 1.52-3.16), poor performance status (2.14, 1.60-2.86), low serum albumin level (1.84, 1.37-2.48), and advanced tumor stage (1.71, 1.29-2.27) but not age (1.31, 0.84-2.03) as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Chronological age alone is not a contraindicative factor for gastrectomy in very elderly patients.

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The first laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer was performed in Japan in 1991. In the ensuing 20 years, at first through a process of trial and error, then through the sharing of master surgeons’ accumulated experience, the procedure has been honed and refined to its current high level. From the beginning, it soon became evident that this much less invasive form of gastrectomy, in comparison with traditional open surgery, led to improved quality of life for postsurgical patients, and use of the procedure spread rapidly among gastric surgeons. Early on, however, there were calls for the establishment of standard techniques and procedures to be followed, with a recognized need to improve the level of safety and the quality of lymph node dissection for local control in cancer treatment. Toward that end, the Laparoscopy-Assisted Gastrectomy Club was formed in 1999. In the following year, because both Japan and Korea experience a high rate of gastric cancer, specialists from those two nations came together to form the Japan–Korea Laparoscopic gastrectomy joint seminar, to facilitate and encourage the exchange of vital information. The result has been to achieve an evolving consensus among specialists in the field of endoscopic surgery in Japan and Korea with expertise that can be shared worldwide. A compilation of the current state-of-the-art is now presented in this volume, with accompanying DVD, which will be of great value to all endoscopic surgeons who perform laparoscopic gastrectomy.

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Purpose To classify the shape of the remnant stomach after Billroth-I (B-I) reconstruction and evaluate the relationship between the shape of the remnant stomach and the postoperative clinical outcomes. Methods One hundred and ninety-five consecutive patients with gastric cancer underwent distal gastrectomy with B-I reconstruction between May 2006 and October 2014. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records and radiological findings. Finally, the shapes of the remnant stomach of 150 patients were classified as either straight type (type A) or stagnant type (type B). The clinical outcomes were compared with respect to the types of remnant stomach. Results The incidence of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher in the type A group than in the type B group (9.4 vs. 1.5%, p = 0.044). The body weight change ratio after surgery was significantly lower in the type B group than in the type A group [p = 0.0068, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)], while the serum albumin levels showed marginally significant improvement in the type B group compared with the type A group (p = 0.0542, two-way repeated measures ANOVA). Conclusion The shape of the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy with B-I reconstruction might influence the degree of anastomotic leakage and long-term nutritional status.

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Purposes Laparoscopic gastrectomy using ultrasonic devices occasionally causes postoperative pancreatic fistula. Robotic gastrectomy using monopolar scissors may reduce intraoperative injury to the pancreas. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of robotic gastrectomy. Methods A multicenter prospective study was conducted to evaluate the surgical outcomes of robotic gastrectomy. The primary endpoints were the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and operative mortality. Results A total of 115 patients were enrolled. The clinical T stages were T1 in 68 patients and T2 or higher in 47 patients. The types of surgery included distal gastrectomy (n = 72), total gastrectomy (n = 39), and proximal gastrectomy (n = 4). Two patients developed intraoperative complications (1,7%), but no cases required conversion to open surgery. The amylase concentration in drainage fluid was higher in cases with pancreatic compression, especially in those with compression for longer than 20 min. Postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ II occurred in 11 patients (9,6%). There was no mortality. A multivariate analysis indicated that a high body mass index and pancreatic compression by an assistant for longer than 20 min were independent risk factors for postoperative complications (P = 0,029 and P = 0,010). Conclusions Robotic gastrectomy using monopolar scissors is safe and feasible. Robotic dissection without compression of the pancreas may reduce postoperative complications.

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Purpose: This multicenter, randomized controlled study evaluates the safety of early oral feeding following gastrectomy, and its effect on the length of postoperative hospital stay. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients who underwent distal gastrectomy (DG) or total gastrectomy (TG) for gastric cancer between January 2014 and December 2015. Patients were randomly assigned to the early oral feeding group (intervention group) or the conventional postoperative management group (control group) for each procedure. We evaluated the length of postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative complications in each group. Results: No significant differences in length of postoperative stay were found between the intervention and control groups of the patients who underwent DG. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly greater in the DG intervention group. In contrast, the length of postoperative stay was significantly shorter in the TG intervention group, although the TG group did not attain the established target sample size. Conclusion: Early oral feeding did not shorten the postoperative hospital stay after DG. The higher incidence of postoperative complications precluded the unselected adoption of early oral feeding for DG patients. Further confirmative studies are required to definitively establish the potential benefits of early oral feeding for TG patients.