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"Tesis ini membahas permasalahan bahasa dalam sistem patriarki. Menurut saya, bahasa merupakan persoalan mendasar yang memisahkan proses pembentukan identitas pada perempuan dan laki-laki. Perbedaan penggunaan bahasa dalam ruang publik telah menyulitkan perempuan untuk terlibat penuh dalam kegiatan masyarakat. Untuk membuktikan perbedaan ini, saya mengambil dua contoh bahasa yang berbeda dalam mantra dan ayat kitab suci. Saya menemukan bahwa dalam bahasa mantra, identitas feminin memberikan kebebasan pada pembentukan identitas perempuan. Identitas feminin didorong oleh kedinamisan semiotik matemal yang kuat sehingga menciptakan identitas perempuan yang berdaya. Sementara itu, dalam bahasa ayat, saya menemukan kekakuan bahasa simbolik yang diskriminatii Saya beranggapan bahwa perjuangan perempuan adalah melalui pencarian dasar epistemologi bahasa yang khas untuk keluar dari tataran simbolik patriarkal. Perempuan harus bexjuang pada mang semiotik matemal agar mampu mengolah ahora feminjn dan menciptakan bahasanya sendiri. Pembongkaran makna melalui teori feminisme Julia Kristeva akan menghasilkan sebuah pemahaman baru tentang identitas perempuan. Layaknya pennainan mantra, perempuan akan mampu menciptakan sebuah bahasa baru yang mengekspresikan abjeksi dirinya sehingga dogmatisasi ayat simbolik yang mengintemalisasi diri sejak fase: inisiasi simbolik dapat direduksi. Dengan demikian, revolusi pembebasan perempuan akan tercipta lewat penciptaan mantra khas dirinya

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The thesis examines the language concern which exists inside the patriarchal system. In my opinion, language has become a fundamental aspect that segregates the identity creation process of male and female world. The different language usage applied in general public restricts female to get fully involve in daily life activities, that makes females feel themselves uncomfortable living in the society. I have taken two distinctive examples of language usage applied in pagan spell in contrast to the one used in the bible verses in order to obtain a proof of difference usage that might exist. I found that inside the pagan spell, feminine identity gives a freedom to create women identity. This situation is made possible by the strong dynamicity of maternal semiotic that creates a powerful women identity. On the other hand, inside the bible verses, I found a stiffness form of symbolic language in it, which produces a discriminative language. Women have to tight it through a 'maternal semiotic room' to establish a feminine chora and construct their very own language. Dismantling the meanings, refers to feminism theory of Julia Kristeva, will yield a new understanding toward women identity. Like interlacing the play of spell, actually women are capable to create a new language which expresses their abjection. Thus, process of dogmatisms of symbolic verses which induce women?s intemalization that has occurred since the time of symbolic initiation phase, can be reduced. As a result, thc revolution to liberate woman will be created through her very own spell creation."

"Album musik Stripped (2002) merupakan album yang menjadi titik balik di dalam karir penyanyi Christina Aguilera. Tidak seperti album perdananya Christina Aguilera (1999) di mana ia tidak mempunyai kontrol atas materi album dan citranya, ia terlibat penuh di dalam pembuatan album dan citra yang ia tampilkan dengan menjadi produser eksekutif untuk album Stripped. Lagu-lagu pop remaja dan citra remaja perempuan yang ‘manis’ dan ‘baik-baik’ digantikannya dengan lagu-lagu beraliran hip-hop, rhythm and blues (R&B), dan soul dengan tema dan citra perempuan dewasa yang nyaman dengan tubuh dan seksualitasnya. Menggunakan pendekatan feminis posstrukturalis Hélène Cixous mengenai écriture féminine (praktik penulisan feminin) dan cultural studies dengan teknik close reading, saya mendapatkan dua temuan ketika melakukan analisis teks. Pertama, album ini merupakan wadah bagi Christina untuk mengartikulasikan subjektivitas feminin. Meskipun Cixous sendiri tidak pernah membuat konsep subjektivitas feminin, saya melihat bahwa praktik penulisan feminin menjadi sarana bagi Christina untuk meraih subjektivitas. Kedua, ketika Christina dan album Stripped diletakkan kembali ke dalam konteks industri musik di mana keduanya berada, artikulasi subjektivitas feminin harus berhadapan dengan proses branding yang meliputi semua penyanyi atau musisi di dalam industri musik arus utama. Tubuh dan seksualitas perempuan sering kali digunakan oleh industri musik di dalam proses branding para penyanyi perempuan. Namun, dengan menggunakan model sistem produksi budaya milik Elizabeth C. Hirschman, di dalam penelitian ini, saya menemukan bahwa Christina tidak menjadi objek atau korban branding melainkan berhasil melakukan negosiasi antara subjektivitas feminin dan branding.

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Stripped (2002) is a music album that becomes a turning point in Christina Aguilera’s singing career. Unlike her first album Christina Aguilera (1999) in which she had no control over the materials of her album and her image, she sought full involvement in the album making and her image by being the executive producer of Stripped. Teen pop songs with a ‘good’ girl image were replaced by hip hop, rhythm and blues (R&B), dan soul songs with an image of a woman comfortable with her body and sexuality. Using a poststructural feminism approach based on Hélène Cixous’s écriture féminine (feminine writing) and cultural studies approach with close reading techniques, I made two findings when doing textual analysis. First, this album becomes a vessel for Christina to articulate a feminine subjectivity.

Although Cixous herself never formulated a concept of feminine subjectivity, feminine writing becomes a mean for Christina to achieve subjectivity. Second, since Christina and her album Stripped are parts of the music industry, her articulation of feminine subjectivity has to meet the process of branding which is unavoidable for every singer or musician in the mainstream music industry. Female body and sexuality are often used by the music industry in the process of branding of female singers. However, using a model of culture production system by Elizabeth C. Hirschman, in this research, I found that instead of being an object or a victim of branding, Christina manages to make a negotiation between feminine subjectivity and branding."

"[ABSTRAKPresse féminine di Prancis berkembang pada masa Republik Ketiga. Melalui data-data yang dikumpulkan dari buku, artikel jurnal, serta artikel daring terpercaya, tulisan ini mengetengahkan sejarah dan perkembangannya serta kaitannya dengan kondisi masyarakat Prancis pada masa tersebut. Terdapat berbagai macam bentuk perubahan kondisi politik, sosial, dan ekonomi yang terjadi di bawah pemerintahan ini selama kurun waktu tahun 1870 hingga 1914. Perubahan-perubahan itu memiliki dampak besar terhadap perkembangan presse féminine yang mengarah pada kemajuan baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas. Selain itu, terlihat pula bahwa presse féminine pada masa Republik Ketiga juga merupakan manifestasi dari kondisi sosial dan budaya perempuan Prancis pada masa itu yang terus berevolusi ke arah modernitas.

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ABSTRACTPresse féminine in France was continuously evolving during the Third Republic. Through the data collected from books, journal and online articles of high reliability, this article explores the history and development of the magazine and its relation to the condition of French society at that time. There were various forms of political, social, and economic changes under the 1870 to 1914 administration span. It is concluded that those changes had a big progressive impact on the development of presse féminine in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, it also appears that presse féminine under Third Republic is a manifestation of the social and cultural conditions of the French women in that epoch that continued to evolve, making its way to modernity., Presse féminine in France was continuously evolving during the Third Republic. Through the data collected from books, journal and online articles of high reliability, this article explores the history and development of the magazine and its relation to the condition of French society at that time. There were various forms of political, social, and economic changes under the 1870 to 1914 administration span. It is concluded that those changes had a big progressive impact on the development of presse féminine in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, it also appears that presse féminine under Third Republic is a manifestation of the social and cultural conditions of the French women in that epoch that continued to evolve, making its way to modernity.]"

"Perilaku seksisme masih dijumpai di negara dengan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya negara Jerman. Di era feminisme yang cukup baik, perilaku seksisme justru dilakukan oleh sesama perempuan. Sesama perempuan ini membentuk persaingan intraseksual atau feminine rivalry dengan standar yang dibuat laki-laki. Standar tersebut dibuat bukan karena pengaruh langsung dari laki-laki, melainkan melalui proses internalisasi objektifikasi perempuan terhadap diri sendiri dan orang lain. Isu tersebut akan diteliti melalui film Freibad (2022) yang disutradarai oleh Doris Dörrie. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori Representasi oleh Stuart Hall dan teori film Auteur. Hasil analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persaingan antar perempuan banyak terjadi di ruang lingkup feminisme. Kehadiran laki-laki yang minim nyatanya masih memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap pandangan perempuan terhadap sesamanya. Kebebasan perempuan masih terkekang oleh standar laki-laki yang diaplikasikan kepada diri sendiri dan perempuan lain.

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Sexist behavior is still found in countries with high gender equality index, such as Germany. In the feminism era, sexist behavior is actually carried out by fellow women. These women form an intrasexual competition or feminine rivalry with standards made by men. These standards are no longer made because of direct influence of men, but through the internalization process of women’s objectification of themselves and others. This issue will be researched through the film Freibad (2022) directed by Doris Dörrie. This study is conducted using the qualitative method through Representation theory by Stuart Hall and Auteur film theory. The results of this study show that competition between women occurs in the scope of feminism. The insignificant presence of men still has big influence on women’s view towards each other. Women’s freedom is still limited by male standards applied to themselves and other women."

"Penelitian ini untuk menganalisa tentang Orientalisme, pertukaran budaya, dan isu feminisme di dalam pencarian identitas seseorang. Diangkat dari sebuah novel berjudul The Woman Warrior yang ditulis oleh Maxine Hong Kingston. Novel ini bercerita tentang seorang gadis Tionghoa yang hidup di Amerika dan mengalami kebingungan akan identitas dirinya. Teori yang digunakan meliputi sejarah, sosiologi, dan feminisme. Teori-teori tersebut berkaitan dengan topik yang diangkat dalam penulisan ini, yaitu menganalisa kehidupan seorang gadis dalam konteks sejarah dan budaya Cina dan Amerika. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kingston terus menerus dilanda kebingungan akan identitasnya, Tionghoa atau Amerika. Ibunya meminta Kingston untuk menjaga tradisi Tionghoa yang sudah diwariskan kepadanya, tetapi lingkungan sosialnya memaksa Kingston untuk beradaptasi. Ilustrasi ini menggambarkan kesulitan mencari jalan tengah untuk kedua budaya yang jauh berbeda dan pengaruh masa lalu ke perkembangan gender dan identitas etnis.

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This study is to analyze the Orientalism, cross cultural and feminine issues in order to find someone?s identity in The Woman Warrior, a novel written by Maxine Hong Kingston, since this novel talks about a Chinese girl who lives in America and is confused about her identity. The theoretical approach will be historical, sociological and feminist theories because they are related to the study which is to analyze a woman's life in the historical and cultural context of Chinese - American society. The result shows that Kingston is still confused to which identity she belongs to, Chinese or American. Her mother asks her to keep her Chinese tradition culture. On the other hand, her society pushes her to adapt the American culture. The narratives illustrate the impossible task of negotiating two different cultures and finding a balance to construct gender and ethnic identity. Finally, in all of narratives a similar thread reappears in the form of the past and its influence on the progression of their gender and ethnic identities."

"Travel Journal merupakan dokumen tertulis mengenai aktivitas yang dilakukan seseorang yang melakukan perjalanan yang sangat jauh. Baik pelancong pria maupun pelancong wanita menulis travel journal dan di dalam penulisan keduanya terdapat karakteristik masing-masing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penulis wanita dan pria menuliskan pengalamannya pada travel journal Scandinavian Explorer yang ditulis oleh Asanti Astari dan Travelous yang ditulis oleh Andrei Budiman selama melakukan perjalanan mengunjungi beberapa negara di benua eropa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang bersumber pada kajian pustaka. Korpus penelitian ini adalah dua sub-judul yang diambil dari kedua travel journal kedua penulis yang telah diterbitkan. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan menganalisis alur cerita, penggambaran situasi alam, penggambaran situasi perkotaan dan gaya penceritaan berdasarkan teori ekritur feminine yang dicetuskan oleh Helene Cixous. Berdasarkan penelitian, penulis wanita menuliskan pengalamannya dengan lebih bebas dan dapat mengajak pembaca untuk turut mengajak pembaca merasakan pengalaman yang ia alami dibandingkan dengan penulis pria. Penulis wanita juga lebih dapat menggambarkan keadaan alam dengan lebih baik dan situasi perkotaan dengan lebih detail. Travel journal Scandinavian Exxplorer yang ditulis oleh wanita lebih sesuai dengan teori ekritur feminin yang dicetuskan Helene Cixous.

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Travel Journal is a written document about activities of someone who is on a journey, usually over a long distance. Not only male travellers, but also women travellers write travel journals and there are characteristics of both male and female writers in both of their writings. This research was aimed to know how male and female writers write their experiences on the travel journals named Scandinavian Explorer written by Asanti Astari and Travelous written by Andrei Budiman on their journey visiting some countries in Europe.

The research method is qualitative method which is from literary view. Materials which were analyzed in this research are the plot, the writers‟ description about nature‟s condition and situation in the cities, and the writers‟ styles on telling their stories based on the theory of ecriture feminine by Helene Cixous.

ased on the result, the female writer wrote her experiences more freely and she invited the readers to understand the writer‟s feeling in compare to the male writer. Also the female writer could describe the condition of the nature in a better way and more detailed on the situation of a city. The travel journal Scandinavian Explorer written by female writer was more compatible with the theory of ecriture feminine published by Helene Cixous."

"[ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas salah satu karya Ayu Utami, penulis feminis Indonesia, yang berjudul Saman, berdasarkan pemikiran Hélène Cixous mengenai konsep Écriture Féminine. Écriture Féminine adalah suatu metode menulis untuk menceritakan tentang perempuan dengan keterbukaan, variasi, irama, penuh kenikmatan dan dekonstruksi beberapa makna yang sebelumnya diterima sebagai kebenaran tunggal di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah novel Saman, terbitan Gramedia, 2001. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa novel Saman ini merupakan salah satu contoh fenomena yang merepresentasikan pemikiran Hélène Cixous. Melalui penggambaran tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Saman, Ayu Utami menampilkan sosok perempuan tidak seperti citra yang selama ini melekat di tengah masyarakat Indonesia seperti; lemah, tidak mandiri, dan tidak memiliki hak memilih dalam hidup.ABSTRACT This article analyses a novel of Ayu Utami, Indonesian feminist and writer, titled Saman, which is based on the concept of Écriture Féminine by Hélène Cixous. Écriture Féminine is a model of writing that allows women to freely write about themselves with, a variety, a rhythm, full of pleasure and deconstruction that give them the freedom to move beyond patriarchy in the society. This research is classified as a qualitative research. The data used in this analysis is a novel Saman by Ayu utami, published by Gramedia in 2001. The result of the research shows that the novel Saman is one example of literature works which represent Hélène Cixous? thought. Through the depiction of the characters in thenovel Saman, Ayu Utami portrays female characters which do not like the image that has been culturally embedded in Indonesian society such as; weak, dependent, have no right to make a decision in life.;This article analyses a novel of Ayu Utami, Indonesian feminist and writer, titled Saman, which is based on the concept of Écriture Féminine by Hélène Cixous. Écriture Féminine is a model of writing that allows women to freely write about themselves with, a variety, a rhythm, full of pleasure and deconstruction that give them the freedom to move beyond patriarchy in the society. This research is classified as a qualitative research. The data used in this analysis is a novel Saman by Ayu utami, published by Gramedia in 2001. The result of the research shows that the novel Saman is one example of literature works which represent Hélène Cixous? thought. Through the depiction of the characters in thenovel Saman, Ayu Utami portrays female characters which do not like the image that has been culturally embedded in Indonesian society such as; weak, dependent, have no right to make a decision in life., This article analyses a novel of Ayu Utami, Indonesian feminist and writer, titled Saman, which is based on the concept of Écriture Féminine by Hélène Cixous. Écriture Féminine is a model of writing that allows women to freely write about themselves with, a variety, a rhythm, full of pleasure and deconstruction that give them the freedom to move beyond patriarchy in the society. This research is classified as a qualitative research. The data used in this analysis is a novel Saman by Ayu utami, published by Gramedia in 2001. The result of the research shows that the novel Saman is one example of literature works which represent Hélène Cixous’ thought. Through the depiction of the characters in thenovel Saman, Ayu Utami portrays female characters which do not like the image that has been culturally embedded in Indonesian society such as; weak, dependent, have no right to make a decision in life.]"