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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengembangkan pembuatan biosensor elektrokimia menggunakan nanopartikel core-shell Fe3O4@Au yang dimodifikasi hemoglobin pada Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) untuk mendeteksi akrilamida. Fe3O4NP (~4,9 nm) dan core-shell Fe3O4@Au (~5-6,4 nm) berhasil disintesis melalui metode dekomposisi termal. Hasil ini dikonfirmasi oleh analisis UV-Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Studi awal elektrokimia hemoglobin optimum didapatkan pada ABS 0,1 MpH 6 dengan konsentrasi optimal hemoglobin sebesar 2 mg/mL. Fe3O4@Au yang termodifikasi Hb memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar, dikarakterisasi dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, dan Zeta Potensial. Kinerja Fe3O4@Au/Hb dievaluasi untuk mendeteksi akrilamida dilakukan dengan metode Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) pada rentang potensial -0,8-0,8 V, scanrate 50 mV/s didapatkan koefisien regresi linear R2 = 0,98 pada rentang konsentrasi 0-1 μM dengan Limit of Detection (LOD) sebesar 0,136 μM dan sensitivitas sebesar 0,4411 μA/μM. Selain itu, studi interferensi dilakukan untuk beberapa senyawa sederhana lainnya seperti asam askorbat, melamin, glukosa, kafein dan natrium asetat. Pengukuran akrilamida pada real sampel berupa kopi bubuk dilakukan secara elektrokimia dengan biosensor ini dan divalidasi dengan metode standar High Performance Liquid Performance (HPLC).

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This work reports an investigation on the fabrication of electrochemical biosensor based on hemoglobin-modified core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanostructures on screen printed carbon electrode for the detection of acrylamide. Here, both Fe3O4NP (~4.9 nm) and core-shell Fe3O4@Au (~5-6.4 nm) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via thermal decomposition method. These results are discussed by analysis of UV-Visible Spectrometers (UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Preliminary electrochemical investigation at ABS pH 6 also revealed that the optimum amount of hemoglobin immobilization were obtained at ABS 0.1 M pH 6 with an optimal hemoglobin concentration of 2 mg/mL. Hb modified Fe3O4@AuNP has a larger size, characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and Zeta Potential. The performance of Fe3O4@Au/Hb was evaluated to detect acrylamide using the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) method in the potential range of -0.8-0.8 V, a scanrate of 50 mV/s obtained a linear regression coefficient R2=0.98 in the concentration range 0-1 μM with a Limit Detection (LOD) 0.136 μM and sensitivity 0.4411 μA/μM. In addition, studi interference is made for a number of simple compounds such as ascorbic acid, melamine, caffeine and sodium acetate. The measurement of acrylamide in real samples consisting of ground coffee was carried out by electrochemistry with this biosensor and validated by the standard High Performance Liquid Performance (HPLC) method.

Abstrak :
Avidin merupakan glikoprotein tetrametrik yang belakangan ini banyak dikembangkan aplikasinya karena sifatnya yang menguntungkan, terutama dalam bidang biomedis. Senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen pengenal dalam sensor avidin adalah biotin. Biotin diketahui dapat berikatan seara spesifik dengan avidin (Kd ~10−15 M). Nanopartikel core-shell dapat digunakan sebagai bahan label magnetik yang dapat menunjang pembentukan sensor. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis Fe3O4@Au-sisteamin dan studi literatur Fe3O4@Au-sisteamin sebagai template pengikatan biotin untuk sensor avidin. Nanopartikel Fe3O4 di sintesis menggunakan metode ko-presipitasi sedangkan Fe3O4@Au di sintesis melalui deposisi-presipitasi dimana dari kedua metode ini mempermudah pemisahan antara nanopartikel dengan larutan menggunakan magnet eksternal. Nanokomposit hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan rata-rata nanopartikel Fe3O4 dan Fe3O4@Au sebesar 3,724 ± 0,561 nm dan 13,801 ± 4,147 nm. Hasil FT-IR memunculkan spektra pada bilangan gelombang 550-700 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan bahwa sisteamin berikatan secara kovalen dengan shell Au. ......Avidin is a tetrametric glycoprotein that has been developed recently for many applications because of its beneficial properties, especially in the biomedical field. The compound that can be used as a recognition agent in avidin sensing is biotin. Biotin is well-known to bind specifically with avidin (Kd ~ 10−15 M). In this research, the synthesis of Fe3O4@Au-cysteamine and the literature study of Fe3O4@Au-cysteamine as a biotin binding template for avidin sensor have been done. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method while Fe3O4@Au were synthesized through precipitation-deposition. Both methods facilitate separation between the nanoparticles and the solution using an external magnet. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results obtained showed that the average Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were 3.724 ± 0.561 nm and 13.801 ± 4.147 nm. The FT-IR spectra also showed that there was peak at 550-700 cm-1 which indicate that cysteamine binds covalently to the Au shell.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Senyawa turunan spiropiperidin berhasil disintesis meggunakan -diketon asam barbiturat/dimedon, formaldehid serta turunan anilin melalui kondensasi Mannich. Dua reaksi dinilai menghasilkan senyawa target senyawa 1 dan senyawa 3 , sementara satu reaksi lain menghasilkan dihidropiridin senyawa 2 . Hasil dikonfirmasi menggunakan karakterisasi FTIR, UV-Vis dan LC-MS. Sintesis senyawa menggunakan nanokatalis Fe3O4 dari proses dekomposisi termal karat besi dengan asam palmitat dalam pelarut paraffin. Paraffin sebagai pelarut memiliki titik didih tinggi dan dapat menggantikan pelarut umum seperti n-oktadekana. Penggunaan karat dan parrafin meningkatkan nilai ekonomis katalis yang dihasilkan. Karakterisasi FTIR pada katalis menunjukkan keberadaan asam palmitat sebagai capping agent mengelilingi Fe3O4. Data XRD memberikan ukuran rata-rata kristal 42,758 nm, sementara gambar TEM mengkonfimasi bentuk kristal berupa kubus dan unsur penyusunnya. Karakterisasi PSA memberikan indeks polidispersitas 0,391 dan Z-average 48,94. Dua senyawa hasil sintesis dioptimasi dalam suhu, waktu reaksi dan jumlah katalis berat yang berbeda. Hasil optimasi reaksi untuk senyawa 1 15-phenyl-2,4,10,12,15-pentaazadispiro[5.1.5.3]-hexadecane-1,3,5,9,11,13-hexa-one memberikan kondisi optimum pada suhu 50 oC, 4 jam reaksi dan 7,5 katalis dengan rendemen 69,30 . Sementara senyawa 2 10-4 chlorophenyl -9,10-dihydropyrido[2,3-d;6,5-d rsquo;]-dypyrimidine-2,4,6,8 1H,3H,5H,7H -tetra-one optimum pada suhu 50 oC, 4 jam dan 5 katalis dengan rendemen 72,34 . Studi penggunaan ulang katalis dilakukan pada senyawa 1 dan memberikan kecendrungan penurunan hasil rendemen dalam lima kali pengulangan.

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ABSTRACT
Spiropiperidine derivatives have been successfully synthesized using diketone such as barbituric acid dimedone, formaldehyde and aniline derivatives through Mannich condensation. Two reactions considered produced the targeted compounds compound 1 and compound 3 , while the other reaction produced dihydropyridine compound 2 . These results were confirmed using FTIR, UV Vis and LC MS. These compounds were synthesized using heterogenic Fe3O4 catalyst which was obtained from rust capped palmitic acid in paraffin solvent. Paraffin was chosen as solvent due to its high boiling point which was suitable to replace common solvents n octadecane. The use of rust and paraffin would increase catalyst rsquo s economic value. FTIR characterization of catalyst showed the presence of palmitic acid as capping agent surrounding Fe3O4. XRD data gave average crystal size of 42.758 nm, while the TEM image confirmed the crystal structure as cube and its constituent elements. PSA result gave polydispersity index of 0.391 and Z average 48,94. Two compounds were optimized under various of temperatures, times and amount of catalyst weight . Optimization condition for compound 1 15 phenyl 2,4,10,12,15 pentaazadispiro 5.1.5.3 hexadecane 1,3,5,9,11,13 hexa one came as 50 oC, 4 hours of time reaction and 7.5 catalyst with 69.30 of yield. Meanwhile compound 2 10 4 chlorophenyl 9,10 dihydropyrido 2,3 d 6,5 d 39 dypyrimidine 2,4,6,8 1H, 3H, 5H, 7H tetra one at 50 oC, 4 hours of time reaction and 5 catalyst yielded 72,34 . The study of reusable catalyst was conducted on compound 1 and resulted the yield rsquo s descending rsquo s tendency in each five times of repetitions.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini, dua jenis graphene graphene dan nanographene platelets NGP dipergunakan sebagai supporting adsorbent dan juga katalis untuk proses degradasi limbah pewarna. Material graphene dan NGP dipergunakan untuk men-support kemampuan adsorpsi dari material nanopartikel Fe3O4. Kemampuan adsorpsi dari nanopartikel Fe3O4 meningkat dengan penambahan material NGP dan graphene. Penambahan material graphene pada Fe3O4 menunjukan kemampuan adsorpsi yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan penambahan material NGP. Material NGP dan graphene juga dipergunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fotokatalitik nanokomposit Fe3O4/ZnO/CuO FZC dibawah penyinaran cahaya ultraviolet UV dan cahaya tampak serta kemampuan sonophotocatalytic dibawah radiasi UV ultrasound US dan cahaya tampak US . Penambahan material graphene menghasilkan kemampuan adsorpsi dan aktivitas fotokatalitik dikarenakan memiliki luasan area yang lebih besar serta oxygen functional group dari material graphene. Penambahan material NGP dan graphene juga mampu menghambat laju rekombinasi elektron dan hole dikarenakan kemampuan graphene dan NGP untuk bertindak sebagai electron acceptor. Hal tersebut berdampak terhadap peningkatan kemampuan aktivitas katalitik dari sampel. Sifat fisis dari seluruh material dianalisis menggunakan X-ray diffractions XRD , energy dispersive X-ray EDX , transmission electron microscope TEM , UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infra-red FT-IR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer ndash;Emmett ndash;Teller BET , differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis DTA/TGA , vibrating sample magnetometer VSM. ......In this study, two types of Carbon nanographene platelets NGP and graphene has been used as supporting adsorbent and catalyst for waste water removal. Both NGP and graphene were used to support the adsorption ability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption ability of Fe3O4 was increase with the incorporation of NGP and graphene. The incorporation of graphene resulted in the higher adsorption ability of the samples. Moreover, NGP and graphene also used to support the photocatalytic performance under UV and visible light irradiation as well as sonophotocatalytic under UV ultrasound US and visible US of Fe3O4 ZnO CuO FZC nanocomposites. The incorporation of graphene has better adsorption and catalytic performance than the incorporation of NGP due to the higher specific surface area and also the oxygen functional group in graphene materials. The incorporation of NGP and graphene has an ability to prevent recombination electron and hole due to both NGP and graphene could act as electron acceptors. It impacts on the improvement the catalytic performance. The combination of The physical properties of the samples was investigated using X ray diffractions XRD , energy dispersive X ray EDX , transmission electron microscope TEM , UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infra red FT IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer ndash Emmett ndash Teller BET , differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis DTA TGA , vibrating sample magnetometer VSM.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Senyawa derivat piran telah berhasil disintesis dengan mereaksikan kurkumin, benzaldehida, dan asam barbiturat senyawa 3 melalui reaksi kondensasi Knoevenagel dan adisi Michael. Namun, 2 reaksi lainnya tidak berhasil membentuk senyawa derivat piran, yaitu senyawa 1 dan senyawa 2. Pada kedua reaksi tersebut digunakan reaktan dimedon, benzaldehida/sinamaldehida, dan malononitril. Ketiga produk yang terbentuk tersebut dianalisis menggunakan instrumentasi FTIR, UV-Vis, dan GC-MS atau LC-MS. Pada reaksi tersebut digunakan nanokatalis Fe3O4@kitosan yang berhasil disintesis dengan metode in situ dan dikonfirmasi dengan instrumentasi FTIR, XRD, TEM, dan PSA. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi reaksi diperoleh kondisi optimum untuk senyawa 1 adalah 1 jam reaksi, suhu ruang, dan 2,5% wt katalis dengan mol sebesar 85,24%, untuk senyawa 2 pada 45 menit reaksi, suhu ruang, dan 5% wt katalis dengan mol sebesar 48,44%, serta 8 jam reaksi, refluks, dan 5% wt untuk senyawa 3 dengan kemurnian sebesar 52,99%. Senyawa-senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 57, 21, 23, 61, dan 7,47 ppm.

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ABSTRACT
Pyran derivatives were successfully synthesized by reacting curcumin, benzaldehyde, and barbituric acid compound 3 through Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition reactions. Nevertheless, it was found that other 2 processes did not form pyran derivative compounds. Both of them used dimedone, benzaldehyde cinnamaldehyde, and malononitrile as reactants. Characterization of the three of products were performed by using FTIR, UV Vis, and GC MS or LC MS instrumentation. Beside that, Fe3O4 chitosan nanocatalyst also used in the reactions, which was synthesized by in situ method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and PSA instrumentation. The optimum conditions for producing compound 1 were 1 hour at reaction, room temperature, and 2,5% wt of catalyst with mol of 85,24%, compound 2 was at 45 min of reaction, room temperature, and 5% wt of catalyst with mol of 48,44%, and 8 hours of reaction, reflux, and 5% wt for compound 3 with purity of 52,99%. Bioactivity as antioxidant was discovered in the syhthesized compounds with the IC50 values of 57, 21, 23, 61, and 7,47 ppm for the compound of 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Abstrak :
Senyawa turunan pirimidin telah berhasil disintesis dari dimedon, aldehida aromatis (Benzaldehid dan vanilin) dan kelompok urea (urea dan tiourea) melalui reaksi kondensasi Biginelli. Produk yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan instrumentasi spektroskopi UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS dan 1H-NMR. Pada reaksi tersebut digunakan katalis Fe3O4@asam sitrat yang telah dikonfirmasi dengan instrumentasi FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX dan PSA. Berdasarkan optimasi reaksi yang dilakukan pada 4-fenil-7,7-dimetil-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-oktahidroquinazolin-2-tion (senyawa 1) adalah pelarut etanol, suhu refluks etanol, waktu reaksi 60 menit dan jumlah katalis 7,5 %wt sebesar 57 %.

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Pyrimidin derivatives were successfully synthesized by reacting dimedone, aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehyde and vanilin) and urea group (urea and thiourea) through Biginelli condensation. The characterization of three product were performed by FTIR, UV-Vis, GC-MS and 1H-NMR instrumentations. In addition, Fe3O4@citric acid catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX and PSA. The optimum condition for 4-phenil-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-quinazolin-2- tion (compound 1) were in ethanol solvent, reflux temperature, 60 minutes of time reaction and 7,5 % wt of catalyst with yield amount 57 %.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan grafena berpotensi besar dalam berbagai aplikasi salah satunya sebagai pembersih tumpahan senyawa hidrokarbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis grafena oksida tereduksi (rGO) dari grafit komersial. rGO akan digunakan sebagai pelapis dari poliuretan yang akan menghasilkan nanokomposit PU/rGO sebagai adsorben tumpahan senyawa hidrokarbon. Grafena oksida (GO) disintesis menggunakan metode Hummers termodifikasi. GO yang dibentuk akan direduksi menggunakan asam askorbat sebagai agen pereduksinya. Poliuretan (PU) yang digunakan berasal dari limbah Cold Storage yang divariasikan ukurannya menjadi 400 micron, 250 micron, dan 177 micron. Konsentrasi rGO juga divariasikan dalam konsentrasi 13 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml, dan 17 mg/ml. Kemudian untuk meningkatkan efisiensi adsorpsi penambahan sifat magnetik oleh Fe3O4 dilakukan dengan variasi perbandingan massa (b/b) rGO:Fe3O4. Variasi waktu kontak untuk sistem simple sorption test juga divariasikan dengan waktu kontak 1, 3, 5, dan 10 detik. Hasil terbaik nanokomposit PU/rGO ditunjukan dengan konsentrasi rGO sebesar 17 mg/ml dengan menggunakan poliuretan berukuran 40 Mesh yaitu 98,12% (diesel oil) dan 96,15% (Gasoline). Konsentrasi rGO sangat mempengaruhi nilai efisiensi adsorpsi yang dihasilkan. Hasil terbaik ditunjukan oleh penambahan nanopartikel Fe3O4 40% dengan nilai efisiensi adsorpsi sebesar 99,08% (diesel oil) ; 97,23% (Gasoline) ; 5 detik. ......The use of graphene is most likely in various applications, one of which is cleaning spills of hazardous compounds. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from commercial graphite. rGO will be used as a coating of polyurethane which will produce a PU/rGO nanocomposite as an adsorbent for spilled hazardous compounds. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using the modified Hummers method. The formed GO will be reduced using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The polyurethane (PU) used from Cold Storage waste was varied in size to 400 microns, 250 microns, and 177 microns. The concentration of rGO was also varied in concentrations of 13 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml, and 17 mg/ml. Then, to increase the adsorption efficiency, the addition of Fe3O4 properties was carried out by varying the mass ratio (w/w) of rGO:Fe3O4. The variation of contact time for the simple sorption test system was also varied with contact times of 1, 3, 5, and 10 seconds. The best results of the PU/rGO nanocomposite were shown by the rGO concentration of 17 mg/ml using a 40 Mesh polyurethane, namely 98.12% (diesel oil) and 96.15% (Gasoline). The concentration of rGO greatly affects the value of the resulting adsorption efficiency. The best results were indicated by the addition of 40% Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an adsorption efficiency value of 99.08% (diesel oil); 97.23% (Gasoline); 5 seconds.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Senyawa turunan spirooxindole adalah senyawa heterosiklik yang berasal dari bahan alam dan memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan dan antibakteri. Senyawa ini telah berhasil disintesis dengan kondensasi Knoevenagel dan adisi Michael multi komponen satu pot. Sintesis senyawa turunan spirooxindole dapat ditingkatkan efisiensi waktunya dengan menggunakan katalis heterogen berupa grafena oksida/Fe3O4. Pada penelitian ini, senyawa turunan spirooxindole telah disintesis dengan menggunakan prekursor 1,3-diketon yang bervariasi seperti asam barbiturat, etil asetoasetat, dan dimedon. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi reaksi, diperoleh kondisi optimum pada suhu 60oC , waktu 45 menit, dan berat katalis sebesar 15%. Persen yield yang didapat pada kondisi optimum terdapat pada senyawa 1 sebesar 90.86%, senyawa 2 sebesar 93.03%, dan senyawa 3 sebesar 65.456%. Karakterisasi produk hasil sintesis dan katalis grafena oksida/Fe3O4 telah dikonfirmasi menggunakan KLT, FT-IR, spektrofotometer UV-Vis, GC-MS, SEM/EDX, dan XRD. Pada senyawa turunan spirooxindole, hasil sintesis dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 untuk produk senyawa 1 sebesar 392,20 ppm, senyawa 2 sebesar 1010,61 ppm, dan senyawa 3 sebesar 452,51 ppm. Uji antibakteri yang juga dilakukan pada senyawa turunan spirooxindole didapati bahwa hanya Senyawa 1 yang menunjukkan sifat antibakteri pada bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli.

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ABSTRACT
Spirooxindole derivative compounds are heterocyclic compounds that come from nature product and have many biological activities like antioxidant and antibacteria. These compounds have been successfully synthesized with Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition multicomponent reaction in one pot. Time efficiency in these reactions can be increased using heterogeneous catalyst called graphene oxide/Fe3O4. These derivatives of spirooxindole compound synthesized with variation of 1,3 diketone precursor such as barbituric acid, ethyl acetoacetate, and dimedone. Based on the optimization result, optimum condition obtained in 60 oC, 45 minutes, and catalyst weight 15%. Yield percentage that obtained in optimum condition from compound 1 was 90.86%, compound 2 was 93.03%, and compound 3 was 65.456%. Analyzation and characterization of the product and graphene oxide/Fe3O4 catalyst have been confirmed using TLC, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, GC-MS, SEM/EDX, and XRD. In spirooxindole derivatives, the result of synthesis was tested by antioxidant activity with  IC50 value for product of compound 1 equal to 392,20 ppm, compound 2 equal to 1010,61 ppm, and compound 3 equal to 452,51 ppm. Antibacterial test which also have been done showed that compound 1 is the only compound showed antibacterial characteristic with S.aureus and E.coli bacteria.

Abstrak :
Pencemaran lingkungan adalah salah satu masalah serius disebabkan pembuangan limbah berbahaya dan beracun dari industri–industri yang tidak teregulasi. Salah satu material yang banyak digunakan sebagai zat warna adalah sunset yellow pada industri tekstil yang berdampak buruk, menyebabkan risiko kesehatan seperti depresi, kerusakan ginjal, kerusakan hati, dan kanker. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanokomposit Nanochitosan/Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ untuk mendegradasi zat warna sunset yellow. Nankomposit Nanochitosan/Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), X–ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high–resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) dan ultraviolet visible–diffuse reflectance (UV–DRS). Pengaruh Fe₃O₄ terhadap sisi aktif SrSnO₃ telah dipelajari dan energi celah pita dari SrSnO₃ menjadi 2,4 eV dengan komposisi Fe₃O₄/SrSnO₃ (3:1) dengan persen degradasi sebesar 88,45% . Nanochitosan ditambahkan sebagai support meningkatkan aktivitas dari nanokomposit Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ dengan persen dgradasi 97,42%. Nanokomposit yang optimal yang digunakan untuk analisis kinetika reaksi dan isoterm adsorpsi adalah dengan kondisi massa 0,04 gram, pH 10, dan waktu selama 75 menit. Kinetika reaksi mengikuti psuedo first order dengan konstanta laju reaksi 0,058 dan sesuai dengan isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir ......Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems caused by the disposal of hazardous and toxic waste from unregulated industries. One material that is widely used as a dye is sunset yellow in the textile industry which has adverse effects, causing health risks such as depression, kidney damage, liver damage, and cancer. In this study, Nanochitosan/ Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ nanocomposite has been synthesized to degrade sunset yellow dye. Nanochitosan/ Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and ultraviolet visible-diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS). The effect of Fe3O4 on the active side of SrSnO₃ was studied and the band gap energy of SrSnO₃ became 2.4 eV with Fe₃O₄/SrSnO₃ composition (3:1) with a percent degradation of 88.45%. Nanochitosan added as support increases the activity of Fe₃O₄−SrSnO₃ nanocomposite with 97.42% degradation percent. The optimal nanocomposite used for the analysis of reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherms was with a mass condition of 0.04 grams, pH 10, and time for 75 minutes. The reaction kinetics followed first order psuedo with a reaction rate constant of 0.058 and fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Abstrak :
Akrilamida merupakan senyawa neurotoksin yang berpotensi menyebabkakan penyakit kanker yang terbentuk akibat pemaparan suhu yang tinggi saat proses memasak pada makanan dan beresiko pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini akan menghasilkan sensor akrilamida yang sensitif dan selektif berdasarkan penurunan arus HbFe3+ menjadi HbFe2+ hasil interaksi akrilamida dengan hemoglobin. Sensor akan memodifikasikan hemoglobin pada permukaan Fe3O4@Au yang disintesis menggunakan metode ko-presipitasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, TEM, SEM-EDX, dan XRD. Biosensor ini akan menggunakan elektroda screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) karena praktis, memungkinkan biomolekul untuk immobilisasi ke permukaan elektroda, dan selektif. Studi komputasi melalui simulasi docking menunjukan pH 7.4 pada suhu 310 K merupakan kondisi optimum Hb untuk berinteraksi dengan akrilamida berdasarkan menghasilkan ΔGbinding -2.8934 pada binding site α N-Terminal Valin dan nilai Pkd sebesar 4.8755x10-4, hal ini divalidasi oleh studi elektrokimia diperoleh ABS pH 7.4 0,1 M dan konsentrasi Hb 2 mg / l mealalui pengukuran menggunakan voltametri siklik (CV) menghasilkan kondisi yang optimum dengan rentang potensial -1.0 V – 1.0 V dan scan rate 50 mV/s. Pengukuran standar akrilamida menunjukkan linieritas yang cukup baik (R2 > 0,9794) pada rentang konsentrasi 0.01 μM – 0.09 μM. dengan limit of detection (LOD) sebesar 0.02 μA dan sensitivitas sebesar 276.47 μA/μM. Validasi kadar akrilamida dilakukan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Performance (HPLC) pada sampel kopi bubuk luwak yang juga diukur secara elektrokimia menggunakan CV. Akrilamida dalam sampel kopi luwak menggunakan sensor menunjukkan hasil 4.6 ppm yang mendekati hasil pengukuran dengan HPLC 4.3 ppm. ......Acrylamide is a neurotoxic compound that has the potential to cause cancer which is formed due to exposure to high temperatures during the cooking process on food and is a risk to human health. This research will produce a sensitive and selective acrylamide sensor based on the reduction of current HbFe3+ to HbFe2+ as a result of the interaction of acrylamide with hemoglobin. The sensor will modify the hemoglobin on the surface of Fe3O4@ Au which was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized using FTIR, TEM, SEM-EDX, and XRD. Fe3O4 is used to remove the supernatant of acrylamide in a solution. This biosensor will be using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) electrode because it is single-use, allows biomolecules to be immobilized to the electrode surface, and selective. Computational studies through docking simulations show pH 7.4 at 310 K is the optimum condition for Hb to interact with acrylamide with ΔGbinding value -2.8934 at the α N-Valine Terminal binding site and a Pkd value is 4.8755x10-4, this is validated by electrochemical studies were ABS pH 7.4 0.1 M and a Hb concentration of 2 mg / l was obtained through measurement using cyclic voltammetry (CV) resulting in optimum conditions with a potential range of -1.0 V - 1.0 V and a scan rate of 50 mV / s. The acrylamide standard measurement showed fairly good linearity (R2> 0.9794) at a concentration of 0.01 μM - 0.09 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) is 0.02 μA and the sensitivity of the sensor is 276.47 μA / μM. Validation of acrylamide levels was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Performance (HPLC) on Luwak coffee ground coffee samples which were also measured electrochemically using CV.