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"ABSTRAKPendahuluan : Perkembangan teknologi telah menghasilkan model 3-dimensi berdasarkan data CT-Scan yang mampu menyajikan data lebih informatif. Karena dapat menghasilkan bentuk seperti anatomi tubuh, maka model 3-dimensi dijadikan acuan dalam bidang rekonstruksi mandibula menggantikan peran CT-Scan.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan hasil pengukuran tebal dan tingginya symphisis mandibula pada model 3 dimensi terhadap data CT-Scan sehingga diketahui tingkat akurasinya.Material dan Metode : 8 data CT-Scan Maksilofasial Pasien dalam bentuk DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication for Medicine) dengan mandibula bebas defek atau hanya sebagian, dengan gigi geligi telah erupsi penuh dilakukan analisa dan pengukuran dengan piranti lunak OSIRIX pada komputer, kemudian dibuatkan 8 Model 3-Dimensi berdasarkan data DICOM dengan menggunakan mesin printing FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) untuk dilakukan analisa dan pengukuran menggunakan kaliper digital.Hasil : Tebal dan Tinggi Symphisis Mandibula hasil pengukuran model 3-Dimensi dan data CT-Scan berbeda, terdapat deviasi ukuran lebih kecil pada model 3 Dimensi, Nilai akurasi model 3-dimensi yang dihasilkan mesin FDM sebesar 98% dari data aslinya.Kesimpulan : Perbandingan pengukuran ketebalan dan ketinggian tulang symphisis mandibula pada model 3 Dimensi terhadap CT-Scan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik namun secara klinis dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sebagai acuan rekonstruksi mandibula.

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ABSTRACT

Introduction : the emerging technologies has invented 3-dimensional model based on CT-Scan data that able to present better information. Because of the similiarity to anatomy, 3-Dimensional model became guidance for mandible reconstruction, replacing the role of CT-Scan imaging.

Objective : To compare the measurements of mandibular symphisis height and thickness using 3 Dimensional model to CT-Scan data and be able to define the accuracy level of it.

Materials and Methods : 8 CT-Scan maxillofacial data in form of DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication for Medicine) were analyzed and measured using OSIRIX software on computer, continued with production of 8 3-Dimensional model based on DICOM data using printing FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) machine, model then analyzed and measured using digital caliper.

Result : The thickness and height of mandible symphisis from 3 dimensional model measurement compared with CT-Scan are different. Smaller deviation were measured in 3 dimensional model, the accuracy level of 3 Dimensional model made from FDM printing machine is 98% from original data.

Conclussion : The measurement comparison of mandibular symphisis height and thickness using 3 Dimensional model to CT-Scan data is statistically different but clinically 3 dimensional model could be used as alternative as mandibular reconstruction guidance."

"Pemerintah Indonesia, melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 3 Tahun 2003, memulai transformasi menuju e-government dengan menginisiasi Proyek Government Financial Management and Revenue Administration Project (GFMRAP). Salah satu perubahan terbesar dari proyek ini adalah implementasi Sistem Anggaran dan Perbendaharaan Negara (SPAN), yang mengadopsi aplikasi Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). SPAN bertujuan meningkatkan akuntabilitas, transparansi, efisiensi, dan efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan negara. Dalam proses ini, SPAN pertama kali diterapkan pada tahun 2014 dan mencapai implementasi penuh pada tahun 2015. Meskipun demikian, tantangan dan risiko kritis masih muncul dalam tahap pasca-implementasi, termasuk kebutuhan untuk pemutakhiran sistem guna memastikan keberlanjutan dan keandalan operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan melakukan pemeringkatan faktor-faktor kunci yang mendukung kesuksesan pemutakhiran aplikasi SPAN, serta memberikan rekomendasi strategis berdasarkan faktor kunci tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan studi kasus. Identifikasi faktor kunci dilakukan melalui Thematic Analysis (TA) terhadap data wawancara dan mencapai konsensus melalui Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Sebanyak 24 faktor kunci berhasil diidentifikasi. Selanjutnya, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas dan bobot faktor-faktor tersebut. Hasil pemeringkatan menunjukkan bahwa faktor Top Management Commitment and Support memiliki bobot tertinggi, diikuti oleh faktor Testing and Quality Assurance dan Dedicated Development and Testing Environment. Berdasarkan hasil pemeringkatan, rekomendasi strategis disusun untuk mendukung keberhasilan pemutakhiran aplikasi SPAN. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada literatur faktor kunci kesuksesan pemutakhiran ERP di sektor pemerintahan.

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The Indonesian government, through Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003, initiated its transformation toward e-government by launching the Government Financial Management and Revenue Administration Project (GFMRAP). One of the most significant changes resulting from this project was the implementation of the State Budget and Treasury System (SPAN), which adopts Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications. SPAN aims to enhance accountability, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness in managing national finances. Initially implemented in 2014 and fully operational by 2015, SPAN continues to face critical challenges and risks in its post-implementation phase, including the need for system updates to ensure operational sustainability and reliability. This research aims to identify and rank the key success factors for SPAN's system upgrade while providing strategic recommendations based on these factors. The study employs a mixed-methods approach using a case study design. Key factors were identified through Thematic Analysis (TA) of interview data and validated through a consensus-building process using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). A total of 24 key factors were successfully identified. Subsequently, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to determine the prioritization and weighting of these factors. The ranking results indicate that Top Management Commitment and Support holds the highest weight, followed by Testing and Quality Assurance and Dedicated Development and Testing Environment. Based on these rankings, strategic recommendations were developed to support the successful upgrade of SPAN. This study contributes to the literature on key success factors for ERP system upgrades in the government sector."

"ABSTRAK Nama Isma Tria SavitriProgram Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Bedah MulutJudul Keakuratan Model 3 Dimensi Fused Deposition Modeling FDM Dibandingkan CT Scan 3 Dimensi pada Pengukuran Panjang Vertikal Ramus Mandibula Jarak Gonion Menton dan Gonial Angle Latar Belakang Rekonstruksi dan koreksi defek pada regio kraniomaksilofasial membutuhkan perencanaan pra operasi yang sangat matang Hal ini dikarenakan anatomi pada regio ini sangat kompleks melibatkan sistem sistem yang sensitif berdekatan dengan struktur anatomis vital serta mempengaruhi penampilan dan fungsional Dengan perkembangan teknologi di bidang Computed Tomography mampu menciptakan pendekatan perawatan yang baru serta memungkinkan untuk memperoleh model tulang tengkorak 3 Dimensi 3D menggunakan teknik solid free form fabrication SFF Tiap tahapan proses produksi berpotensi untuk terjadi error dan menghasilkan model akhir yang mengalami distorsi Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keakuratan dari model 3D FDM dengan cara membandingkan panjang vertikal ramus mandibula jarak Gonion Menton dan gonial angle pada model 3D dengan pengukuran pada CT rekonstruksi 3D Metode Penelitian 8 Sampel data CT scan pasien Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dibuatkan model 3D menggunakan teknik FDM Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran panjang vertikal ramus mandibula jarak Gonion Menton dan gonial angle terhadap CT rekonstruksi 3D menggunakan piranti lunak OsiriX dan model 3D menggunakan kaliper digital dan goniometri lalu hasil keduanya dibandingkan Hasil Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengukuran panjang vertikal ramus mandibula jarak Gonion Menton dan gonial angle pada CT 3D dan model 3D FDM Kesimpulan Model 3D yang menggunakan teknik FDM dinilai akurat sehingga dapat diterima secara klinis Kata kunci Model 3D FDM CT 3D panjang vertikal ramus mandibula jarak Gonion Menton gonial angle.ABSTRACT Name Isma Tria SavitriStudy Program Post Graduate Student of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryTitle Accuracy of Three Dimensional Fused Deposition Modeling FDM Models Compared with Three Dimensional CT Scans on Measurement of Mandibular Ramus Vertical Length Gonion Menton Length and Gonial Angle Background Pre surgical treatment planning plays important role in reconstruction and correction of defect in craniomaxillofacial region The advance of solid freeform fabrication techniques has significantly improved the ability to prepare biomodel using computer aided design and data from medical imaging Many factors are implicated in the accuracy of the 3D model Purpose To determine the accuracy of the three dimensional fused deposition modeling FDM models compared with three dimensional CT scans on measurement of mandibular ramus vertical length Gonion Menton length and Gonial angle Research Methods 8 3D Models were produced from 8 CT scan data DICOM file patients of Oral and Maxillofacial Department Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Three measurements were done three times by two examiner Measurement of 3D CT scans were made using OsiriX software while measurement of 3D models were made using digital caliper and goniometry The measurement results were then compared Result There is no significant difference between measurement of mandibular ramus vertical length Gonion Menton length and Gonial angle 3D CT scans and FDM 3D models Conclusion FDM 3D models are considered accurate and is acceptable for clinical applications in dental and craniomaxillofacial surgery."

"This book presents a selection of papers on advanced technologies for 3D printing and additive manufacturing, and demonstrates how these technologies have changed the face of direct, digital technologies for the rapid production of models, prototypes and patterns. Because of their wide range of applications, 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies have sparked a powerful new industrial revolution in the field of manufacturing. The evolution of 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies has changed design, engineering and manufacturing processes across such diverse industries as consumer products, aerospace, medical devices and automotive engineering. This book will help designers, R&D personnel, and practicing engineers grasp the latest developments in the field of 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem penyortir serpihan sampah plastik berdasarkan warna menggunakan metode machine vision dan modifikasi 3D printer tipe FDM sebagai arm robot serta vacuum suction gripper sebagai alat penanganan objek. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mendeteksi dan menyortir serpihan plastik berwarna putih dari conveyor. Algoritma machine vision color object detection yang diterapkan menggunakan nilai HSV untuk mendeteksi warna objek.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ini mampu mendeteksi objek berwarna putih dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi. Namun, dua warna tambahan, yaitu abu-abu muda dan merah muda, juga terdeteksi karena tumpang tindih nilai HSV. Pengujian selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan (hardness) objek memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap performa vacuum suction gripper. Objek dengan nilai hardness yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi dalam penanganan oleh gripper.Uji flatness menunjukkan bahwa permukaan objek yang lebih rata tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keberhasilan gripper dalam mengambil objek. Selain itu, perhitungan kapasitas alat menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu menyelesaikan 171 siklus per jam dengan kapasitas total sebesar 342 gram per jam atau 0,342 kilogram per jam. Kesimpulannya, sistem penyortir yang dikembangkan ini efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menyortir objek plastik berwarna putih, dengan beberapa penyesuaian yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan akurasi deteksi warna dan performa gripper.Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengembangan teknologi penyortiran sampah plastik berbasis warna, yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik. Saran untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut termasuk optimasi algoritma, peningkatan sistem gripper, dan pengujian dalam skala yang lebih besar.

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This research aims to develop a plastic waste flake sorting system based on color using machine vision and modified FDM-type 3D printer as a robotic arm and vacuum suction gripper as the object handling tool. The system is designed to detect and sort white plastic flakes from the conveyor. The implemented machine vision color object detection algorithm uses HSV values to detect the color of the objects.

The test results show that this algorithm can detect white-colored objects with a high success rate. However, two additional colors, light gray and pink, were also detected due to overlapping HSV values. Further testing showed that the hardness of the object significantly affects the performance of the vacuum suction gripper. Objects with higher hardness values showed higher success rates in handling by the gripper.

The flatness test indicated that the surface flatness of the objects did not significantly affect the gripper's success in picking up the objects. Additionally, the capacity calculation showed that the system could complete 171 cycles per hour with a total capacity of 342 grams per hour or 0.342 kilograms per hour. In conclusion, the developed sorting system is effective in detecting and sorting white-colored plastic objects, with some adjustments needed to improve color detection accuracy and gripper performance.

This research significantly contributes to the development of color-based plastic waste sorting technology, which can be used to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of plastic waste management. Suggestions for further development include algorithm optimization, system gripper improvement, and large-scale testing."