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Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan preparasi lapisan tipis TiO2 di atas plat Ti dengan metode oksidasi termal pada suhu yang kondusif untuk pembentukan fasa anatase, yaitu 300o C dan 400o C. Uji aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisis menggunakan metode Linier Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) menunjukkan bahwa lapisan tipis TiO2 yang dipreparasi pada suhu 400o C selama 48 jam memiliki respon arus cahaya tertinggi. Lapisan tipis TiO2 yang dipreparasi pada suhu 400°C selama 48 jam kemudian dibandingkan aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisisnya dalam mendegradasi zat warna congo red menggunakan reaktor fotoelektrokatalisis sistem batch, dengan lapisan tipis TiO2 rutile yang dipreparasi pada suhu 650°C selama 2 jam. Pengaruh beberapa parameter seperti bias potensial, konsentrasi awal, dan pH dipelajari untuk menentukan kondisi optimum. Kondisi optimum dicapai dengan menggunakan bias potensial +1 V vs Ag/AgCl, konsentrasi awal congo red 10 ppm dalam NaNO3 0,1 M, dan pada pH alami yaitu 5,3. Pada kondisi optimum, lapisan tipis TiO2 rutile yang dipreparasi pada suhu 650°C selama 2 jam menunjukkan aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisis yang lebih tinggi dalam mendegradasi congo red selama 60 menit, yaitu mencapai 80,957% dibandingkan lapisan tipis TiO2 yang dipreparasi pada suhu 400°C selama 48 jam, yang hanya mencapai 78,487 %. Lapisan tipis TiO2 yang dipreparasi pada suhu 650°C selama 2 jam selanjutnya diaplikasikan pada reaktor fotoelektrokatalisis rotating drum. Pengaruh kecepatan putar rotating drum dipelajari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada kecepatan putar 39 rpm, lapisan tipis TiO2 yang dipreparasi pada suhu 650°C selama 2 jam menghasilkan aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisis tertingginya dalam mendegradasi congo red selama 60 menit, yaitu mencapai 63,618 %. ......Preparation a thin film of TiO2 on Ti plate with thermal oxidation method at temperatures that is conducive to the formation of anatase phase, 300°C and 400°C, has been done. Photoelectrocatalytic activity test using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) shows that a thin film of TiO2, prepared at 400°C for 48 hours has the highest photocurrent response. Photoelectrocatalytic activity to degrade congo red using a batch reactor system, of thin film of TiO2, prepared at 400°C for 48 hours compared with a thin film of TiO2 rutile, prepared at 650°C for 2 hours. The influence of several parameters such as applied potential, initial concentration, and pH has been studied to determine the optimum conditions. The optimum condition is achieved by using applied potensial + 1 V vs Ag/AgCl, initial concentration of 10 ppm Congo Red in NaNO3 0,1 M, and at natural pH 5,3. At optimum conditions, a thin film of TiO2 rutile that prepared at 650°C for 2 hours shows a higher photoelectrocatalytic activity to degrade Congo Red for 60 minutes, reaching 80,957 %, compared with thin film of TiO2, prepared at 400o C for 48 hours, only reaching 78,487 %. Thin film of TiO2 that is prepared at 650°C for 2 hours then is applied to the rotating drum photoelectrocatalytic reactor. The effect of rotating speed has been studied. The results show that at 39 rpm rotating speed, a thin film of TiO2 that is prepared at 650°C for 2 hours produces the highest photoelectrocatalytic activity to degrade Congo Red for 60 minutes, reaching 63,618 %.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Alginate extracted from brown seaweed has gelling properties that make it useful as a wall material in encapsulation systems. Liquid smoke contains the active substances, such as phenols, which can preserve food. In order to protect the active substances, liquid smoke is encapsulated by using alginate and maltodextrin. The purpose of this study was to investigate liquid smoke encapsulation technology with maltodextrin and alginate using a spray dryer, to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid smoke. The microcapsules of liquid smoke were made, using a spray dryer SD 04, by encapsulating liquid smoke with two types of wall materials, maltodextrin and the combination of alginatemaltodextrin. The ratio of liquid smoke to total solids (wall materials) was 9:1 (v/w). The alginate concentration used was 0.5 to 2% (w/v). Parameters observed in this study were phenol release, shape and morphology, encapsulant efficiency, drying yield, phenol marker and, particle size. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications. The best treatment was obtained by using the alginate with a concentration of 1% (w/v) and maltodextrin of 9% (w/v) with phenol release of 2.52% (w/w) in the 20 minute of release, encapsulant efficiency of 45.13% and drying yield of 28.74%. The particle size analyzer results showed that the particles were agglomerating. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation illustrated that all treatments have a better capsule morphology than the controls, whereas Optilab image processing and analysis software results showed that phenolic compounds are encapsulated by wall materials used.

Abstrak :
The preparation and characterization of macro alginate beads are always associated with appropriate techniques involving precise measurement of shape, size, volume and density of the products. Depending on the type of application, encapsulation of macro alginate beads can be accomplished by various techniques including chemical, ionotropic, physical and mechanical methods. This work describes a method for preparing macro alginate beads through drop weight. The macro beads (2.85–3.85 mm) were prepared via different concentrations of alginate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/L), dripping tip size (0.04–0.14 cm) and immersion into a predetermined concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) bath. A custom made dripping vessel fabricated from acrylic plastic, connected to an adjustable dripping clamp was used to simulate the dripping process of the molten alginate at different tip sizes. It was observed that at different dripping tips, the correction factor for the alginate slurry was found in the range of 0.73–0.83. Meanwhile, the lost factor, KLF was observed at 0.93–2.3 and the shrinkage factors were limited to 2.00% from the overall distributed data. It was concluded that liquid properties had no effect on the liquid lost factor. The bead size prediction for different concentrations of alginate solution was compared to the experimental data. Subsequently, it was concluded that increasing the tip size caused the bead size to deviate almost 20% when compared to the experimental and predicted values, respectively.

Abstrak :
Pola hidup yang praktis dan instan memiliki dampak negatif untuk kesehatan karena peningkatan radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Suplemen antioksidan diperlukan untuk menangkal radikal bebas pada tubuh. Ekstrak Rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa), jahe (Zingiber Officinale), dan kulit manggis (Gracinia mangostana L.) telah terbukti kaya akan antioksidan dalam senyawa bioaktif yang dikandungnya. Teknik enkapsulasi digunakan untuk melindungi senyawa bioaktif agar stabil dan tidak terdegradasi pada kondisi keasaman pencernaan untuk penghantaran senyawa bioaktif secara oral. Kitosan-pektin digunakan sebagai enkapsulan karena aman dikonsumsi dan stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi matriks kitosan-pektin optimal dengan metode pengeringan beku yang dimuati senyawa bioaktif (curcumin, 6-gingerol, dan α-mangostin) untuk pelepasan usus halus. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai yield relatif tinggi dengan metode pengeringan beku. Pengujian pelepasan senyawa bioaktif penambahan pektin berhasil menahan pelepasan senyawa bioaktif pada kondisi asam. Matriks kitosan:pektin rasio 1:0,3 tiap jenis ekstrak melepaskan senyawa bioaktif paling optimal pada kondisi SIF. Matriks kitosan:pektin rasio 1:0,5 memiliki profil pelepasan rilis tertinggi pada kondisi SCF. Hasil pengamatan uji pelepasan in vitro menunjukan matriks kitosan-pektin menghasilkan profil pelepasan terkendali yang bagus dan memiliki potensi digunakan sebagai suplemen ekstrak rimpang kunyit, jahe dan kulit manggis dengan target sistem pencernaan.

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Habit of instant living have a negative impact on health causing variety of diseases due to an increase free radicals in the body. Antioxidant supplements are needed to ward off free radicals in the body. Curcuma longa, Zingiber Officinale, and Gracinia mangostana extracts have been shown rich antioxidants in the bioactive mixture. Encapsulation techniques are used to protect bioactive compounds that make bioactive compound more stable and not degraded under acid digestive conditions for oral delivery. Chitosan-pectin is used as an encapsulant because stable and safe for consumption. This study aims to obtain optimal formulation of chitosan-pectin matrix with freeze drying method loaded with bioactive compounds (curcumin, 6-gingerol, and α-mangostin) for small intestinal release. The research results obtained relatively high yield values ​​with freeze drying method. Testing the release of bioactive compounds successfully released bioactive compounds in acidic conditions. Chitosan: pectin matrix ration of 1: 0.3 for each type of extract releases are the most optimal bioactive under SIF conditions. Chitosan:pectin matrix 1: 0.5 ratio has highest release profile under SCF conditions. The results of observations in vitro release test showed that the chitosan-pectin matrix showing good results of the controlled release profile.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Although encapsulation efficiency of various biopolymers has been documented, no attempts have been made to investigate stability of α-mangostin entrapped and an encapsulation efficiency of biopolymer beads in different conditions. In this study, the efficiency of whey protein (W) and Alginate (A) to encapsulate α-mangostin was assessed through the investigation of the α-mangostin content stored at different conditions. Particle size and stiffness of biopolymer beads were measured. An increase in whey protein content enhanced gel viscosity, which resulted in particles with significantly higher dimension size and weight (p<0.05). A decrease in encapsulation efficiency was found at higher temperatures and lower pH values. However, higher encapsulation efficiency was observed in gel beads which contained whey protein (50A : 50W and 60A : 40W) at all conditions. An increased protein content resulted in a higher gel network density and retention of the α-mangostin in the beads. The released α-mangostin content decreased with increasing protein content at all conditions during storage. The results confirmed that the α-mangostin stability was significantly governed by both conditions and the use of whey protein to protect the target compound.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan biodiesel sebagai sumber energi alternatif masih terbatas dikarenakan biaya produksinya yang tinggi yang berpengaruh pada harga jualnya. Minyak dedak padi yang diproduksi dari dedak padi merupakan produk samping bernilai rendah pada proses penggilingan padi dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku biodiesel untuk mengurangi biaya produksi biodiesel yang 60-70% didominasi oleh biaya bahan bakunya. Tingginya biaya produksi akibat mahalnya harga biokatalis enzim lipase diminimalkan dengan penggunaan whole-cell lipase yang berasal dari Candida rugosa. Preparasi dari biokatalis whole-cell dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kultivasi satu tahap dengan memvariasikan komposisi minyak nabati (minyak zaitun dan minyak kelapa sawit) dalam medium kultur. Kemudian imobilisasi dari biokatalis whole-cell dilakukan melalui enkapsulasi dalam bead kitosan-TPP (Tripolifosfat) dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi larutan TPP dan konsentrasi kitosan. Kondisi optimum merupakan konsentrasi larutan TPP dan konsentrasi kitosan yang menghasilkan aktivitas biokatalis tertinggi digunakan dalam sintesis biodiesel rute non-alkohol untuk memperoleh data yang akan digunakan dalam pemodelan kinetika. Pada tahap akhir dilakukan pemodelan kinetika berdasarkan mekanisme Michaelis Menten dengan adsorpsi. Berdasarkan hasil HPLC, whole-cell Candida rugosa terimobilisasi yang menghasilkan yield biodiesel tertinggi sebesar 76,3%diperoleh dengan komposisi minyak nabati medium 100% minyak zaitun dan terimobilisasi dalam bead kitosan-TPP dengan konsentrasi kitosan 40 mg/mL dan konsentrasi TPP sebesar 6% (w/v). Model mekanisme reaksi bertingkat irreversibel mampu menggambarkan profil konsentrasi substrat dan produk yang dihasilkan dengan nilai k1, k2, k3 sebesar 0.063 jam-1, 0.14 jam-1, 0.08 jam-1. Uji stabilitas dengan pemakaian berulang selama 3 siklus menunjukkan bahwa biokatalis ini mampu mempertahankan aktivitasnya dengan hanya mengalami penurunan yield biodiesel sebesar 27,1% pada siklus kedua dan 20,3% pada siklus ketiga. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki karakteristik densitas 0,9 gr/mL, bilangan asam 0,4 gr KOH/gr biodiesel, viskositas 3,543 mm2/s, dan kadar air 0,046%. ......Utilization of biodiesel as alternative energy resources is still limited due to high production cost which affects its selling price. Rice bran oil, extracted from rice bran which is by-product with low value from rice milling process, is used instead of edible vegetable oil as substrate for biodiesel synthesis to reduce the production cost in which 60-70% is dominated by its substrate purchasing cost. High production cost due to high price of lipase enzyme as biocatalyst was minimized by using whole-cell lipase from Candida rugosa. Preparation of whole-cell biocatalyst was conducted by single-step cultivation with variation of vegetable oil compsition (olive oil and palm oil) inside culture medium. Then immobilization method was encapsulation inside chitosan-TPP beads with variation of TPP concentration and chitosan concentration to find out the effect to biocatalyst activity. Optimum condition of TPP concentration and chitosan concentration to produce highest activity of biocatalyst was determined. The latest step of this research was kinetic modelling based on consecutive reaction. Based on HPLC analysis, immobilized whole-cell Candida rugosa which resulted in highest biodiesel yield, 76,3% , obtained with vegetable oil composition consisted of 100% olive oil and immobilized in chitosan-TPP bead with chitosan concentration 40mg/mL and TPP concentration 6% (w/v). Irreversible consecutive reaction was able to illustrate concetration profile of substrate and product during biodiesel synthesis with k1, k2, k3 values 0.063 hour-1, 0.14 hour-1, 0.08 hour-1. Stability test showed that in repeated use for 3 cycles, this biocatalyst could still maintain its activity by only resulted in decreased yield of biodiesel for 27,1% in second cycle and 20,3% in third cycle. Biodiesel resulted in this researh had density 0,9 gr/mL, saponification value 0,4 mg KOH/gr biodiesel, viscosity 3,543 mm2/s, and water content 0,046%.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu dari kegunaan minyak atsiri adalah sebagai komponen pewangi dalam industri parfum. Menthol, benzyl acetate, dan vanillin, masing-masing mewakili karakter aroma daun mint, melati, dan vanila juga merupakan bahan yang umum digunakan dalam parfum. Salah satu permasalahan dalam industri parfum adalah rendahnya ketahanan dari aroma zat pewangi karena sifat minyak atsiri yang volatil. Dalam thesis ini, telah dilakukan mikroenkapsulasi multikomponen dengan material enkapsulasi Polyvinyl Alkohol PVA dan metode simple coacervation untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tiap komponen. Optimasi dilakukan dengan metode Central Composite Diagram dengan empat variabel bebas, yaitu menthol, benzyl acetate, vanillin dan tergitol sebagai emulsifier. Efisiensi enkapsulasi, loading capacity, laju pelepasan minyak atsiri terenkapsulasi, profil dalam mikrokapsul, dan ukuran partikel telah diukur dan dihitung. Pada komposisi optimum dari menthol 13,98 w/w , benzyl acetate 14,75 w/w , vanillin 17,84 w/w , dan tergitol 15-S-9 13,4 w/w g didapatkan efisiensi enkapsulasi sebesar 97,34 dan loading capacity sebesar 46,46 . Untuk laju pelepasan menthol, enkapsulasi tidak memberikan pengurangan laju yang siginifikan, tetapi benzyl acetate yang dienkapsulasi memiliki laju pelepasan yang secara signifikan lebih perlahan. Rata-rata ukuran mikrokapsul dengan komposisi optimum adalah 20,24 m dengan rentang ukuran partikel 2,011-36,24 m. Dan berdasarkan analisis dengan mikroskop konfokal, diketahui bahwa menthol dan benzyl acetate dapat dienkapsulasi secara bersamaan dalam 1 mikrokapsul.

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ABSTRACT
One of many applications of essential oils is as fragrance in perfumery. Menthol, benzyl acetate, and vanillin, each represents olfactive characteristic of peppermint leaves, jasmine flowers, and vanilla beans, are commonly used in perfumery. These components are highly volatile, hence low shelf life. In this research, said components is encapsulated simultaniously inside Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA using simple coacervation method to increase its shelf life. Optimization has been done using Central Composite Diagram with four independent variables, i.e. composition of menthol, benzyl acetate, vanillin, and tergitol as emulsifier . Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release rate, microcapsule morphology, and microcapsule size have been measured. In optimum composition of menthol 13,98 w w , benzyl acetate 14,75 w w , vanillin 17,84 w w , and tergitol 15 S 9 13,4 w w encapsulation efficiency of 97,34 and loading capacity of 46,46 have been achieved. The release rate of encapsulated menthol is not significantly slower compared to unencapsulated menthol, but it is significant for encapsulated benzyl acetate. Mean diameter of microcapsule is 20,24 m and within range of 2,011 36,24 m. The image of microcapsules analyzed by confocal micrscope proves that menthol and benzyl acetate can be encapsulated simultaniously inside 1 microcapsule. The conclusion is we have been successfully encapsulated menthol, benzyl acetate, and vanillin simultaneously in one microcapsule and prolonged its shelf life.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kayu gaharu merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tertinggi di dunia, terutama minyaknya. Namun karakteristik minyak atsiri kayu gaharu memiliki komponenn senyawa yang bersifat mudah menguap hampir sekitar 90. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal ini, minyak gaharu dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan padat dengan enkapsulasi menggunakan maltodekstrin dan gum arab melalui metode pengeringan beku. Enkapsulasi merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk efisiensi proses packaging dan distribusi minyak gaharu. Dilakukan empat formulasi enkapsulasi minyak gaharu yang memiliki perbedaan perbandingan zat aktif dengan enkapsulan maltodektsin dan gum arab MD/GA , yaitu F1 2:10, F2 5:10, F3 10:10 dan F4 12:10. Hasil evaluasi sediaan padat yang diperoleh nilai loading capacity tertinggi sebesar 68,6 pada sampel F2. Kemudian diperoleh persentase surface oil content sampel F1-F4 berkisar dari 3-22. Sedangkan nilai efisiensi enkapsulasi pada sampel F1- F4 sebesar 82-95,76. Pada uji morfologi keempat sampel menunjukkan bagian permukaan sediaan padatan yang berpori-pori. Secara keseluruhan, semua sampel menunjukkan hasil yang bagus baik dari loading capacity, persentase surface oil content dan efisiensi enkapsulasi.

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ABSTRACT
Agarwood is a commodity that has the highest economic value in the world, especially its oil. However, the characteristics of essential oil of agarwood have a volatile compound component of almost 90. One attempt to overcome this,agarwood oil can be made into solid dosage with encapsulation using maltodextrin and gum arab through the freeze drying method. Encapsulation is one solution that can be done for the efficiency of packaging process and distribution of agarwood oil. Four different formulations of agarwood oil encapsulation were obtained which differed in the ratio of the active substance to the encapsulation of maltodecin and gum arab MD GA, ie F1 2 10, F2 5 10, F3 10 10 and F4 12 10. The result of the solid dosage evaluation obtained by the highest loading capacity was 68.6 in the F2 sample. Then obtained surface oil content value of F1 F4 sample range from 0.3 0.6 gram. While the value of encapsulation efficiency in F1 F4 sample is 82 s.d 95.76 . In the morphological test all four samples showed a porous density part of the surface. Overall, all samples showed good results both from loading capacity, surface oil content percentage and encapsulation efficiency.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempertahankan aktivitas antiplatelet bromelain sebagai hasil isolasi dari degradasi di lingkungan lambung dengan merangkumnya dalam matriks hidrogel gum chitosan-guar yang dihubungkan silang dengan glutaraldehyde untuk memastikan pelepasan obat yang ditargetkan pada lingkungan usus. Isolasi bromelain enzim dari batang nanas dilakukan melalui beberapa langkah yaitu ekstraksi, fraksinasi dengan ammonium sulfat, dan dialisis. Aktivitas spesifik masing-masing fraksi menunjukkan peningkatan, dari enzim kasar (43,73 U/mg), fraksinasi dengan ammonium sulfat (369,01 U/mg), dan dialisis (437,89 U/mg). Enzim bromelain yang dihasilkan dari dialisis kemudian dienkapsulasi dalam matriks hidrogel dengan cara post-loading untuk diuji untuk disolusi in vitro di lingkungan buatan dan usus. Hidrogel yang digunakan adalah chitosan-guar gum dengan 3% (v/v) konsentrasi glutaraldehyde, dengan rasio pembengkakan masing-masing 75,83% dan 68,39% pada pH 1,2 dan 7,4. Konsentrasi bromelain yang diisolasi bervariasi pada setiap proses enkapsulasi yang masing-masing 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, dan 60 mg/L sehingga efisiensi enkapsulasi optimal sebesar 93,72% diperoleh pada 20 mg / L. Hasil uji disolusi menunjukkan pelepasan bromelain maksimum yang relatif tinggi di lingkungan usus buatan (73,53%) dibandingkan dengan lingkungan stomatch (19,11%) dengan aktivitas proteolitik maksimum masing-masing 0,43 U/mL dan 0,18 U/mL di usus buatan dan lingkungan lambung. Hasil disolusi kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam model matematika persamaan zeroth, orde pertama, Higuchi, dan persamaan Korsmeyer-Peppas untuk menentukan mekanisme disolusi obat dengan difusi Fickian. Uji antiplatelet menunjukkan persentase penghambatan yang baik terhadap enzim dialisis (46,60%) dan larutan disolusi (41,31%).

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This study aims to maintain the antiplatelet activity of bromelain as a result of isolation from degradation in the gastric environment by encapsulating it in a chitosan-guar gum hydrogel matrix that is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to ensure the release of drugs targeted at the intestinal environment. Isolation of bromelain enzymes from pineapple stems is done through several steps, namely extraction, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, and dialysis. The specific activity of each fraction showed an increase, from crude enzymes (43.73 U/mg), fractionation with ammonium sulfate (369.01 U/mg), and dialysis (437.89 U/mg). Bromelain enzymes produced from dialysis are then encapsulated in the hydrogel matrix by post-loading to be tested for in vitro dissolution in artificial and intestinal environments. The hydrogel used was chitosan-guar gum with 3% (v/v) glutaraldehyde concentration, with swelling ratios of 75.83% and 68.39% respectively at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The concentration of bromelain isolated varies in each encapsulation process, each of which is 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 60 mg/L so that the optimal encapsulation efficiency of 93.72% is obtained at 20 mg/L. Dissolution test results show the release of bromelain relatively high maximum in the artificial intestinal environment (73.53%) compared to the stomatch environment (19.11%) with maximum proteolytic activity respectively 0.43 U/mL and 0.18 U/mL in the artificial intestine and gastric environment. Dissolution results are then incorporated into the mathematical model of the zeroth, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations to determine the mechanism of drug dissolution by Fickian diffusion. Antiplatelet test showed a good percentage of inhibition of dialysis enzymes (46.60%) and dissolution solution (41.31%).

Abstrak :
Hidrogel poli([3-((2-(metakriloiloksi)etil)dimetilammonia) propana-1-sulfonat-ko-N-isopropilakrilamida) (P(SPE-ko-NIPAM)) memiliki responsivitas terhadap temperatur yang dimodifikasi dari dua tipe polimer berbeda yaitu bertipe LSCT dan UCST, dengan tujuan sebagai bahan penghantar aktif farmasi. Hidrogel P(SPE-ko-NIPAM) berhasil disintesis melalui metode polimerisasi radikal bebas menggunakan ammonium persulfat (APS) sebagai inisiator dan N-N’ metilenebisakrilamida (MBA) sebagai agen pengikat silang. Keberhasilan sintesis hidrogel P(SPE-ko-NIPAM) dibuktikan menggunakan fourier transform infrared (FTIR) yang ditandai dengan hilangnya puncak serapan C=C vinil. Nilai gel content menunjukkan bahwa hidrogel dengan komposisi 20 mol% SPE memiliki gel content paling kecil dan nilai gel content pada variasi waktu polimerisasi meningkat seiring dengan semakin lama waktu polimerisasi. Hasil uji responsivitas hidrogel P(SPE-ko-NIPAM) terhadap temperatur dipengaruhi oleh komposisi PSPE dan PNIPAM. Pengaruh waktu polimerisasi terhadap responsivitas temperatur yaitu semakin lama waktu polimerisasi akan menurunkan rasio kesetimbangan swelling (ESR), dan waktu polimerisasi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap nilai Tc. Hasil uji kinetika deswelling, bertambahnya komposisi SPE dan semakin lama waktu polimerisasi memiliki laju deswelling paling lambat. Berdasarkan uji swelling di berbagai temperatur menunjukkan bawah ESR terbesar dimiliki oleh hidrogel P(SPE20-ko-NIPAM80) dengan waktu polimerisasi 1 jam. Didapatkan hidrogel P(SPE20-ko-NIPAM80) memiliki kemampuan menjebak 2,75% dan mampu melepaskan 26,33% metformin-HCl dalam buffer pH 7,4 pada temperatur 37?C dalam rentang waktu selama 15 jam. ......Poly([3-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethylammonio))propane-1-sulfonate-co-N isopropylacrylamide) (P(SPE-co-NIPAM)) hydrogels with temperature responsive properties modify of two different polymer types, namely the LSCT and UCST types, to be active pharmaceutical carrier materials. P(SPE-ko-NIPAM) hydrogel were synthesized by the mechanism of free-radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N-N' methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent. Hydrogel were characterized by using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and resulting in the nonappearance of C=C vinyl peak that indicates the polymerization process success. Gel content with a composition of 20 mol% SPE has the lowlest gel content and at various polymerization times increased with increasing polymerization time. The swelling test on several scales of temperature influenced by the composition of PSPE and PNIPAM. The effect of polymerization time on swelling test with several scales temperatureis ESR an increases with the polymerization time decrease, and polymerization time does not affect Tc value. Results of the rasio deswelling, an increase SPE composition and polymerization time have the slowest deswelling rate. The highest ESR results were obtained from hydrogel hydrogel P(SPE20-co-NIPAM80) with a polymerization time of 1 hour. Hydrogel P(SPE20-co-NIPAM80) was able to encapsulate 2.75% and the cumulative release 26.33% of metformin-HCl in buffer pH 7.4 at 37?C within 15 hours.