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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena kejahatan dalam perdagangan Indonesia – Tiongkok dari perspektif Indonesia sebagai korban penipuan. Diawali dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kriminogenik asimetris yang menciptakan celah terjadinya viktimisasi, dilanjutkan analisis integratif teori transnational organized crime (Massari, 2001), organized fraud (Levi dan Lord, 2011), fraud victimization (Levi, 2009) dan criminogenic asymmetries (Passas, 1999). Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode triangulasi, studi pustaka, focus group discussion, dan concept development merujuk Marek (2015), peneliti menemukan bahwa fraud victimization terhadap eksportir Indonesia dilakukan oleh kelompok kriminal yang menggunakan kedok perusahaan. Mereka memanfaatkan empat faktor kriminogenik asimetris dan didorong adanya tiga jalur ekspor dari Indonesia ke Tiongkok. Kemudian peneliti melakukan kontekstualisasi konsep fraud victimization ke dalam criminogenic asymmetries dan konseptualisasi fraud victimization menjadi international fraud victimization. ......This study examines the phenomenon of crime in Indonesia-China trade from the perspective of Indonesia as a victim of fraud. They begin with identifying asymmetric criminogenic factors that create gaps for victimization, followed by an integrative analysis of the theory of transnational organized crime (Massari, 2001), organized fraud (Levi and Lord, 2011), fraud victimization (Levi, 2009), and criminogenic asymmetries (Passas, 2009). 1999). Through a descriptive qualitative approach using the triangulation method, literature study, focus group discussion, and concept development, referring to Marek (2015), the researcher found that fraud victimization against Indonesian exporters by criminal groups using the guise of companies. They take advantage of four asymmetric criminogenic factors and are encouraged by the existence of three export routes from Indonesia to China. Then the researchers contextualized the concept of fraud victimization into criminogenic asymmetries and conceptualized fraud victimization into international fraud victimization.

Abstrak :
Hasil kegiatan ekspor sumber daya alam yang dilakukan oleh eksportir Indonesia seharusnya diwajibkan untuk membuat rekening khusus di bank devisa untuk memantau setiap penggunaan Devisa Hasil Ekspor Sumber Daya Alam (DHE SDA). Hal tersebut disebabkan Devisa Hasil Ekspor tidak ditempatkan dalam sistem keuangan Indonesia melainkan menempatkan Devisa Hasil Ekspor diluar negeri, sehingga menambah cadangan devisa negara bagi negara lain dan indonesia seringkali mengalami defisit. Eksportir yang menempatkan DHE SDA untuk pembayaran Bea keluar dan pungutan lain dibidang ekspor, pinjaman, impor, keperluan lain dari penanaman modal. Berdasarkan hasil pengawasan Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, jika ada eksportir yang tidak memasukkan DHE SDA dalam sistem keuangan Indonesia, maka eksportir akan mendapatkan sanksi administratif berupa denda administratif, diantaranya seperti, tidak di izinkan melakukan ekspor, pencabutan izin usaha ......The results of natural resource export activities carried out by Indonesian exporters should be required to create a special account at the foreign exchange bank to monitor any use of the Foreign Exchange Proceeds from Natural Resources Exports (DHE SDA). This is because the Foreign Exchange Proceeds from Exports are not placed in the Indonesian financial system but instead place the Foreign Exchange Proceeds from Exports abroad, thus increasing the country's foreign exchange reserves for other countries and Indonesia often experiences a deficit. Exporters who place (DHE SDA) for the payment of export duties and other levies in the field of exports, loans, imports, other purposes of investment. Based on the results of supervision by Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority, if an exporter does not include (DHE SDA) in the Indonesian financial system, the exporter will receive administrative sanctions in the form of administrative fines, such as, not being allowed to export, and revocation of business licenses.