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Abstrak :
Early children are basically active learners. They posses highcuriosity and creativity and creativity have natural tendency to fancy themselves as somebody, and fond of doing experiment and exploration upon their natural surroundings. A school that supposed to become a place for developing the mind to a maximum ability, finally only become a slaughter house upon early child creativity that blocked thinking ability. This article was inspired from a book named the little Boy. The gap upon creativity and thinking ability suffered by the early child is caused by teacher that do not understand about the development of cognitive stages and the process of learning facing by student. Besides, teacher is also inconsistent in treating student during learning activities in class. On the other side, both teacher and parent evidently teach student by practicing dictation and instruction. They also border their kids from having low estimation toward learning achievement .Outcomes from such early childhood education like this are uncreative kids, poor ideas, passive and terrified to express ideas. So early childhood education is a critical moment for developing both active, cognitive and psychomotor potencies. This must be handled seriously by a competent teacher under study of early childhood education.

Abstrak :
Pemerintah Indonesia mulai memperhatikan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini secara serius sejak tahun 2003. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin menjamurnya lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD. Masyarakat Indonesia khususnya keluarga muslim menyekolahkan anak-anak mereka ke lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD yang berciri keagamaan Islam. Skripsi ini memberikan gambaran mengenai pendidikan karakter bagi anak usia dini. Studi ini melihat adanya agen sosial yang berperan penting, yaitu guru dan orangtua. Penelitian ini berlokasi di sebuah lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah, Kecamatan Bojongsari, Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposif sampel. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap individu-individu yang terdapat di lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah diantaranya kepala sekolah, guru, dan orangtua anak didik lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat macam-macam nilai karakter yang ditanamkan kepada anak usia dini di lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah. Namun, lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah lebih memfokuskan pada 3 nilai karakter diantaranya karakter religius, nasionalisme, dan hormat. Cara penanaman nilai-nilai karakter yaitu dengan modelling atau peneladanan kepada anak usia dini yang dilakukan oleh guru baik didalam kelas maupun diluar kelas. Kelemahan atau hambatan yang dialami yaitu penanaman nilai-nilai karakter telah baik dalam tahap perencanaan dan implementasi, namun kurang baik dalam tahap evaluasi. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini PAUD Darul Himmah adalah guru menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter menggunakan panduan tambahan yang dibuat oleh kepala sekolah. ......The Government of Indonesia has begun to pay attention to Early Childhood Education seriously since 2003. This has led to the proliferation of Early Childhood Education. Indonesian people, especially Muslim families, send their children to Early Childhood Education, which is characterized by Islamic religion. This thesis provides an overview of character education for early childhood. This study sees the presence of important social agents, teachers and parents. This research is located in an institution of Early Childhood Education Darul Himmah, District Bojongsari, Depok City. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. Data collection is done through in depth intervews, observation, and documentation. The selection of informants was done puposively. This study was conducted on individuals in the Early Childhood Education Darul Himmah, including the headmaster, teachers, and parents of children of Early Childhood Education Darul Himmah. The results of this study indicate there are various character values implanted to early childhood in Early Childhood Education PAUD Darul Himmah. However, the institution of Early Childhood Education PAUD Darul Himmah focuses more on 3 values of character such as religious character, nationalism, and respect. How to cultivate the character values that is by modeling or peneladanan to early childhood conducted by teachers both in the classroom and outside the classroom. The weaknesses or obstacles that are experienced are the planting of character values has been well in the planning and implementation phase, but less good in the evaluation phase. The effort undertaken by Darul Himmah 39 s Early Childhood Education PAUD institution is that teachers instill character values using additional guidance made by the principal.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas tentang program intervensi bercerita menggunakan flannelboard stories untuk meningkatkan pemahaman empati pada anak usia dini di Panti Asuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektivitas bercerita menggunakan flannelboard stories dalam meningkatkan pemahaman empati pada anak usia dini di Panti Asuhan. Partisipan untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari 25 anak usia dini yang tinggal di Panti Asuhan X. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Empathy Scale for Children (ESC) yang berfungsi untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman empati pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian eksperimental dengan bentuk one group pre-test post-test design. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menggunakan 2 related sample t-test, khususnya teknik Wilcoxon, didapatkan hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan antara pre-test dan post-test 1 (Z= 4.318, p < 0.01) artinya terdapat peningkatan pemahaman empati anak setelah program intervensi dilakukan. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bercerita menggunakan flannelboard stories terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman empati pada anak usia dini. Keterbatasan pada penelitian ini adalah tidak melakukan randomisasi dalam pengelompokan partisipan, evaluasi pada setiap akhir sesi sebaiknya dilakukan secara individu, validasi pemilihan alur cerita oleh ahli, dan ketidakhadiran observer ketika program intervensi berlangsung.  ......This research presented an intervention program of storytelling using flannelboard stories to increase the understanding of empathy in early childhood in orphanage. The purpose of this research is to look at the effectiveness of storytelling using flannelboard stories to increase the understanding of empathy in early childhood in orphanage. The research`s respondents comprised of 25 children who live in the Orphanage X and were measured using Empathy Scale for Children (ESC) which is used to measure children`s understanding of empathy. The research design in this study was a group pre-test post-test design. Based on the results of statistical tests using 2 related t-test samples, specifically the Wilcoxon technique, it was found that there was a significant increase between pre-test and post-test 1 (Z = 4,318, p <0.01). The results of this research analysis prove that storytelling using flannelboard stories is effective in increasing the understanding of empathy in early childhood in orphanage. Limitations of this study are lack of randomization in assigning the participant into groups, group evaluation at the end of each session, the storyline could have been assessed by experts prior to the research, and the absence of the observer during intervention program. 

Abstrak :
Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit menular kronis yang paling umum pada anak-anak usia prasekolah. Bentuk agresif karies gigi pada gigi sulung anak di bawah, sampai dengan usia 71 bulan disebut dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi dan keparahan ECC yang tinggi hingga mencapai angka 90%. DKI Jakarta memiliki prevalensi sebesar 81,2%. Faktor risiko utama ECC yaitu host (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme kariogenik, dan karbohidrat (substrat). Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang berperan yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian di Jakarta pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies, menunjukkan bahwa serotipe f merupakan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan (85,5%), diikuti dengan serotipe c (74,2%), serotipe e (22,6%) dan serotipe d (19,4%). Penelitian lainnya di Jakarta menemukan bahwa kombinasi serotipe c dan f lebih tinggi pada anak yang memiliki karies. Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f berperan dalam patogenesis karies gigi, hal tersebut sesuai dengan tingginya tingkat karies gigi di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor host yaitu saliva, merupakan cairan tubuh yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur organik dan anorganik yang penting untuk kesehatan rongga mulut. Komposisi protein saliva seperti Lactoferrin sangat penting karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri serta berperan dalam sistem imun bawaan dan adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar Lactoferrin saliva antara anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan bebas karies pada usia 3-5 tahun. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang analitik secara laboratorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 anak dengan ECC dan 14 anak bebas karies. Saliva didapat dari seluruh subjek dan kadar LF diukur menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Lactoferrin anak ECC dan anak bebas karies dengan nilai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar Lactoferrin saliva anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) lebih tinggi dari anak bebas karies yang menunjukkan bahwa Lactoferrin dapat menjadi indikator peningkatan risiko Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Backgrounds: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in preschool children. The aggressive form of dental caries in the primary teeth of children under and up to the age of 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesia reports a high prevalence and severity of ECC (90%). DKI Jakarta has a prevalence 81.2%. The main risk factors for ECC are hosts (teeth and saliva), cariogenic microorganisms, and carbohydrates (substrates). The cariogenic microorganisms that play a role are Streptococcus mutans. Research in Jakarta on children aged 3-5 years who had caries, showed that serotype f was the most common type (85.5%), followed by serotype c (74.2%), serotype e (22.6%) and serotype d (19.4%). Another study in Jakarta found that the combination of serotypes c and f was higher in children with caries. Streptococcus mutans serotypes c and f play a role in the pathogenesis of dental caries, which is consistent with the high level of dental caries in Indonesia. One of host factor, saliva, is a complex body fluid consist of organic and inorganic elements that are important for oral health. Salivary protein such as Lactoferrin is very important because it has antibacterial ability and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune system. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lactoferrin levels between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional analytical laboratory. This study was conducted on 14 children with ECC and 14 caries-free children. Saliva were taken from all subjects and the Lactoferrin levels were measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis using the Mann Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences between the levels of salivary Lactoferrin in children with ECC and caries-free children with pvalue 0,006 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Salivary Lactoferrin levels in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) were higher than caries-free children which indicate that Lactoferrin can be an indicator of an increased risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana gambaran delay of gratification pada anak-anak berusia 3 dan 4 tahun di Indonesia. Kemampuan delay of gratification diukur menggunakan eksperimen The Marshmallow Test dengan melakukan beberapa penyesuaian seperti mengganti reward menjadi jelly dan waktu untuk menunggu adalah 13 menit. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 anak, 7 anak berusia 3 tahun dan 8 anak berusia 4 tahun. Analisis terhadap hasil observasi dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pengalihan atensi anak selama menunggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak perempuan memiliki rata-rata durasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan anak laki-laki dan rata-rata pada anak usia 3 tahun lebih rendah dibandingkan anak usia 4 tahun. Berdasarkan observasi perilaku, anak-anak yang dapat mengalihkan atensinya lebih banyak untuk bermain, lebih mampu melakukan delay of gratification. ...... The study was conducted to describe delay of gratification of three- to four-year old children in Indonesia. Childrens delay ability was measured using The Marshmallow Test that was adapted with some modification such as changing the reward to jellies and the maximum duration is 13 minutes. Participants consist of 15 children, 7 three-year olds and 8 four-year olds children. The result of the study shows that girls had a lower average duration than boys and the three-year old children had a lower average duration than four-year old children. Researchers also analyzed childrens behavior while waiting to see how the children distract their attention. Based on the behavioral observation, children who can distract their attention are more able to delay gratification.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara gaya pengasuhan orang tua dengan regulasi emosi pada anak usia 3-6 tahun. Gaya pengasuhan diukur menggunakan PSDQ short version (Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire) (Robinson dkk., 2001), sedangkan regulasi emosi diukur menggunakan ERC (Emotion Regulation Checklists) (Ann & Cicchetti, 1997). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 126 orang tua dari anak usia 3-6 tahun. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ketiga tipe gaya pengasuhan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan regulasi emosi. Tipe pengasuhan otoritatif berkorelasi positif dengan regulasi emosi, sedangkan tipe pengasuhan otoritarian dan permisif berkorelasi negatif dengan regulasi emosi. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan gaya pengasuhan yang dominan dilakukan. Perbedaan signifikan ditemukan pada tingkat pendidikan sarjana dibandingkan dengan pendidikan di SD hingga SMA.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and the emotion regulation of children ages 3 to 6 in Jabodetabek. Parenting style was measured by PSDQ short version (Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire) (Robinson dkk., 2001), while child emotion regulation was measured by ERC (Emotion Regulation Checklists) (Ann & Cicchetti, 1997). The participants of this study were 126 parents of children ages 3 to 6. The results of the study showed that all of the three parenting styles correlated significantly with child emotion regulation; authoritative parenting styles correlated possitively, while both authoritarian and permissive parenting style correlated negatively. Further analysis indicated a possitive correlation between parent?s level of education and authoritative parenting styles. Significant difference was found in level of bachelor compared to the education level of primary to high school.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi dan keparahan yang tinggi dan menyerang seluruh negara termasuk Indonesia. Karies gigi juga dapat terjadi sejak dini pada anak prasekolah dan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat karies anak prasekolah dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan mulut di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan. Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Sebanyak 200 anak prasekolah umur 3-5 tahun dipilih dengan teknik purposive dan dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut untuk menilai skor deft, defs serta menentukan status karies oleh 2 dokter gigi yang sudah dilatih. Kualitas hidup dinilai melalui wawancara kuesioner ECOHIS ke 165 ibu anak. Hasil: Prevalensi karies pada 165 anak umur 3-5 tahun adalah sebesar 83 dengan nilai defs 14.8 SD17,6 dan deft 6,2 SD5,2. Pola distribusi karies pada anak usia 3-5 tahun paling banyak ditemukan di gigi insisif sentral dan lateral maksilla dan pola karies hampir simetris antar rahang. Berdasarkan hasil uji Cronbach - 0,868, test-retest 0,968 , dan perbandingan r-hitung tiap item dengan r-tabel, kuesioner ECOHIS versi Bahasa Indonesia reliabel dan valid. Frekuensi item kuesioner ECOHIS ditemukan terbesar di item nyeri mulut pada gigi/mulut pada anak 38,2 serta rasa bersalah pada keluarga 30,3. Uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji deskriptif, korelasi Spearman, uji Kruskall-Wallis dan uji Mann-Whitney U. Nilai korelasi tertinggi r=0,4 ditemukan pada item nyeri mulut dan gigi pada anak dan rasa bersalah pada keluarga dengan skor deft dan skor d pada defs anak. Hubungan status karies dan kualitas hidup baik yang berdampak ke anak dan keluarga ditemukan bermakna. ......Background: Dental caries has become a major global oral health problem with high prevalence and severity, including Indonesia. Dental caries can develop early in preschool children and will affect their quality of life. Aim: To assess the relationship between the severity of caries in preschool children and their oral health related quality of life in Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan. Method" Analytic observational with cross sectional design. A purposive sample of 200 children aged 3 5 years underwent a clinical oral examination to assess their deft and defs score and to determine their caries status by 2 trained dentists. Quality of life is assessed using ECOHIS by interviewing a total of 165 mother's child. Results: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children aged 3 5 years old is 83 with overall defs score 14.83 SD 17.6 and deft score 6.2 SD 5.2. The tooth distribution pattern of caries in 3 5 years old children mostly affect central and lateral maxillary incisors. Moreover, the caries pattern was almost symmetrical across the arches. The Cronbach 0,868 test retest 0,968 and r count for each item comparison with r table shows that Indonesian version of ECOHIS is a reliable and valid instrument. The most frequent items reported are pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child 38.2 and feeling guilty in family 30.3. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, Kruskall Wallis test, and Mann Whitney U test were used. The highest correlation r 0.4 were found in item is pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child and feeling guilty in family with deft score and d score in defs. There was significant difference between caries status and OHRQoL in terms of impact on both child and family p