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Abstrak :
Seiring berkembangnnya teknologi, energi listrik menjadi semakin penting. Setiap aspek yang menggerakan dunia pada era ini bergantung dengan adanya energi ini. Namun salah satu sumber terbesar dari energi ini menghasilkan gas rumah kaca yang memicu pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu, muncul banyak dorongan untuk meminimalisasi kegunaan bahan bakar tak terbarukan yang salah satunya adalah bahan bakar disel. Bahan bakar ini sangat penting untuk menggerakan transportasi. Maka dari itu diperlukannya perkembangan dalam kendaraan hibrid, dimana kegunaan mesin diesel dapat diturunkan dan secara langsung menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca. Dalam ranah itu, Model Predictive Control mulai dikembangkan untuk mengendalikan distribusi daya pada kendaraan hibrid. Dengan mengoptimasi kegunaan mesin diesel maka konsumsi dari bahan bakar juga semakin minim. Dengan perkembangan strategi ini, sebuah long shrinking horizon diakomodasikan pada strategi MPC biasa dengan sampling time yang lebih panjang. Penambahan ini menghasilkan sebuah pengendali MPC yang dapat melakukan optimasi terhadap keseluruhan perjalanan dan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih efisien dengan dengan mengorbankan waktu komputas. Setelah melakukan simulasi, MH-MPC dapat menggunakan baterai untuk 44.13% perjalanan sedangakan MPC biasa hanya dapat mengguanakan 33.53% ......With the development of technology, the need of electricity has been even more evident. Every aspect that governs the world revolves around this energy. However, one of the biggest sources of energy is also one of the biggest contributors to the emission of green house gasses. With that in mind, there has been a major push in the effort of minimizing the usage of these sources, one of them being diesel. This fuel is very important especially in the realms of transportation. With that being the case, the need of hybrid vehicles is becoming more relevant in which, the usage of the diesel engine will be reduced as will the emission of green house gasses. In this realm, the usage of Model predictive controllers has been heavily researched as a Energy Management System. One of the outcomes of this research is an additional shrinking horizon to add on the conventional MPCs. This addition creates a Model Predictive Controller that can essentially optimize the condition for the entire trip in exchange for computational effort. After the simulations, the MHMPC is able to use the battery for 44.13% of the trip while the conventional MPC is only able to achieve 33.53%.

Abstrak :
Amorphophallus muelleri blume (aracceae) is one of 27 amorphophallus species occur wild in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Flores and Timor). The species is valued for its glucoman content for use in food industry (health diet food), paper industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. The cultivation of A. mueller is hampered by limited genetic quality of seed. The species is triploid (2n=3x=39), the seed is developed apomictically, and pollen production is low. The species is only propagated vegetatively. This may explain that the species is difficult to bread conventionally and genetic variability in the existing landraces cultivars is rather limited. Induced mutation using ethyl methan sulfonate is one of techniques to increase genetic variation. The present research is aimed to determine lethal dosage (LD) 50% and 75% of EMS and to study effect of EMS on growth of A muelleri in vitro cultures for use in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875% EMS and 0.5% in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875 % EMS and 0.5% in induced mutation program. Result of the experiment showed that LD-50 and LD-75 was observed at 0.875 % EMS 0.5% EMS, respectively, number shoot, and percentage of rooting culture were decreasing as EMS level concentration increase.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Isolat Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 dimutasi menggunakan sinar Ultraviolet (UV), Etil Metil Sulfonat (EMS), dan kombinasi UV-EMS. Hasil mutasi menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim β-glukosidase pada mutan lebih tinggi dibandingkan wild-type (1,78 U/ml), kecuali pada mutan UM23. Mutan UV13 mengalami peningkatan aktivitas β-glukosidase tertinggi (1,88 U/ml pada selobiosa 0,1% dan 5,53 U/ml pada selobiosa 1%), sedangkan mutan UM23 menunjukkan aktivitas terendah (1,80 U/ml pada selobiosa 0,1% dan 1,75 U/ml pada selobiosa 1%). Aktivitas β-glukosidase pada mutan EM31 sebesar 1,86 U/ml pada selobiosa 0,1% dan 4,26 U/ml pada selobiosa 1%. Hasil analisis sekuen gen β-glukosidase 1 (bgl1) menunjukkan bahwa seluruh mutan mengalami mutasi substitusi ketika dibandingkan dengan sekuen wild-type. Mutan UV13 mengalami perubahan basa nukleotida paling banyak (7 basa) dibandingkan mutan EM31(5 basa) dan UM23 (2 basa). Perubahan basa juga mengakibatkan gen mengalami missense mutation sehingga terjadi kesalahan dalam penerjemahan kode asam amino, kecuali pada basa ke-2037 dari mutan UV13 dan basa ke-2034 serta 2037 mutan EM31. Perubahan basa pada posisi tersebut tidak mengubah translasi asam amino (silent mutation). Hasil analisis sekuen gen bgl1 dan aktivitas enzim menunjukkan bahwa sinar UV merupakan mutagen efektif untuk peningkatan aktivitas β-glukosidase pada isolat Penicillium sp. ID10-T065. Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler dan analisis pohon filogenetik, isolat Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 memiliki kemiripan dan kekerabatan terdekat dengan spesies Penicillium oxalicum.

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ABSTRACT
The Penicillium sp. isolate ID10-T065 was mutated using Ultraviolet irradiation (UV), Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate (EMS), and combination of UV -EMS. The results showed that β-glucosidase activity in the mutant was higher than that of wild-type (1,78 U/ml), except for the mutant UM23. The β-glucosidase activity in mutant UV13 showed the highest activity (1,88 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 5,53 U/ml at cellobiose 1%), while mutant UM23 showed the lowest activity (1,80 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 1,75 U/ml at cellobiose 1%). The β-glucosidase activity of EM31 was 1,86 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 4,26 U/ml at cellobiose 1%. The results of the DNA sequence analysis of β-glucosidase 1 (bgl1) showed that all mutants had substitution mutations when compared to the wild-type sequences. Mutant UV13 had the most base alteration (7 bases) compared to the mutant EM31 (5 bases) and UM23 (2 bases). The bases alteration was leading to missense mutation, except for the sequence of mutant UV13 at position 2037 and mutant EM31 at position 2034 and 2037. The base alteration of the sequence did not change the amino acid translation (silent mutation). The results of the DNA sequences analysis of bgl1 and enzyme activities showed that UV light is an effective mutagen to increase β-glucosidase activity in Penicillium sp. ID10-T065. The molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 was closely related with Penicillium oxalicum., The Penicillium sp. isolate ID10-T065 was mutated using Ultraviolet irradiation (UV), Ethyl Methyl Sulfonate (EMS), and combination of UV -EMS. The results showed that β-glucosidase activity in the mutant was higher than that of wild-type (1,78 U/ml), except for the mutant UM23. The β-glucosidase activity in mutant UV13 showed the highest activity (1,88 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 5,53 U/ml at cellobiose 1%), while mutant UM23 showed the lowest activity (1,80 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 1,75 U/ml at cellobiose 1%). The β-glucosidase activity of EM31 was 1,86 U/ml at cellobiose 0,1% and 4,26 U/ml at cellobiose 1%. The results of the DNA sequence analysis of β-glucosidase 1 (bgl1) showed that all mutants had substitution mutations when compared to the wild-type sequences. Mutant UV13 had the most base alteration (7 bases) compared to the mutant EM31 (5 bases) and UM23 (2 bases). The bases alteration was leading to missense mutation, except for the sequence of mutant UV13 at position 2037 and mutant EM31 at position 2034 and 2037. The base alteration of the sequence did not change the amino acid translation (silent mutation). The results of the DNA sequences analysis of bgl1 and enzyme activities showed that UV light is an effective mutagen to increase β-glucosidase activity in Penicillium sp. ID10-T065. The molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis showed that Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 was closely related with Penicillium oxalicum.]

Abstrak :
Kereta hibrida merupakan kereta yang menggabungkan beberapa sumber energi dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca di kawasan minim infrastruktur jaringan distribusi listrik. Namun, jenis kereta ini memiliki tantangan dalam manajemen sumber energi agar biaya penggunaannya dapat diminimalkan. Maka dari itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan strategi manajemen energi atau yang biasa disebut dengan Energy Management System (EMS). Strategi manajemen energi pertama yang dikenalkan adalah Rule-Based dengan biaya komputasi yang kecil, namun belum optimal. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih optimal digunakan Model Predictive Control (MPC) yang terkenal sangat andal karena kemampuan prediksi, mampu menangani masalah yang kompleks, dan dapat disesuaikan secara real-time. Optimasi real-time dibatasi oleh waktu cuplik, sehingga optimasinya belum tentu sempurna. Maka, optimasi real-time dapat dikombinasikan dengan optimasi global yang dijalankan secara offline, salah satunya menggunakan strategi Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) yang telah banyak digunakan oleh para peneliti karena waktu komputasinya yang cepat dan secara akurat dapat mempertimbangkan State of Charge (SOC) baterai agar tetap dalam range nominal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan strategi manajemen energi yang efisien untuk kereta hibrida, menggunakan Rule-Based Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Model Predictive Control (RB-PMP-MPC). Pengujian dan evaluasi dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi pada Matlab dan Simulink. ......Hybrid trains combine multiple energy sources to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in areas with limited electrical distribution infrastructure. However, these trains face challenges in energy source management to minimize operational costs. Therefore, research is conducted to optimize energy management strategies, commonly known as the Energy Management System (EMS). The first introduced energy management strategy is Rule-Based, which has low computational costs but is not yet optimal. To achieve more optimal results, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used, known for its high reliability due to its predictive capabilities, ability to handle complex problems, and real-time adaptability. Real-time optimization is limited by sampling time, so it may not be perfect. Therefore, real-time optimization can be combined with global optimization performed offline, one of which uses Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) strategy, widely used by researchers for its fast computation time and accurate consideration of the battery's State of Charge (SOC) to remain within the nominal range. This research aims to develop an efficient energy management strategy for hybrid trains using Rule-Based Pontryagin's Minimum Principle Model Predictive Control (RB-PMP-MPC). Testing and evaluation are conducted through simulations in Matlab and Simulink.

Abstrak :
This research aims to analyze the influence of the implementation of EMS ISO 14001 at PT. Semen Padang to the quality change of dust emission and dust ambient before at the implementation at PT. Semen Padang.....

Abstrak :
Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh mutan ganda dari mutan Enterobacter aerogenes AY-2 dengan produktivitas gas hidrogen (H2) lebih tinggi dari sebelumnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Bioindustri, BPPT, Serpong selama enam bulan (April--September 2006). Mutasi dilakukan pada kultur bakteri dalam awal fase logaritmik dengan pemberian ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) pada variasi konsentrasi 10, 11, 12 ,13, 14, dan 15 μl/ml suspensi sel selama 120 menit. Mutasi dilakukan kembali pada konsentrasi yang memberikan survival ratio paling rendah (0,01%), yaitu konsentrasi EMS 14 μl/ml suspensi sel dengan variasi waktu inkubasi selama 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Sebanyak 166 mutan ganda hasil mutasi dikoleksi dan dipilih secara acak. Sebanyak 43 koloni terpilih ditumbuhkan dalam medium kompleks gliserol untuk memperoleh sepuluh mutan ganda dengan produktivitas H2 tertinggi. Mutan ganda E. aerogenes AD-H43 memiliki produktivitas H2 tertinggi dengan kenaikan sebesar 20% dan asam laktat yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan sebesar 31% dari produktivitas mutan E. aerogenes AY-2. Penurunan produktivitas asam laktat akibat perlakuan mutasi dengan EMS disebabkan adanya defisiensi laktat dehidrogenase.

Abstrak :
Bakteri dan fungi terkonsentrasi di dalam udara pada wilayah pasar tradisional perlu diperhatikan, karena menjadi sumber pencemar udara, sehingga berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan manusia apabila dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak. Pengetahuan terhadap konsentrasi bakteri dan fungi yang terkonsentrasi pada suatu volume ruangan perlu diketahui untuk mengetahui segala macam faktor pendukung perkembangbiakan mikroba dan faktor persebaran mikroba di udara. Menganalisa hubungan antar faktor dengan tingkat konsentrasi mikroba di udara untuk kemudian membandingkan konsentrasi mikrobiologi udara di pasar tradisional dengan standard mikrobiologi udara yang diizinkan oleh pemerintah dan ambien bioaerosol lain. Pengukuran konsentrasi mikrobiologi udara atau bioaerosol dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan EMS Bioaerosol Sampler. Hasilnya, diperoleh konsentrasi rata-rata bakteri dan fungi pada pasar Agung masing-masing adalah 12.746,87 CFU/m3 dan 3.860,35 CFU/m3 per hari. Sementara pasar Kemiri menghasilkan konsentrasi bakteri dan fungi masing-masing adalah 18.963,41 CFU/m3 dan 6.987,53 CFU/m3 per hari. Tingkat konsentrasi bioaerosol yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan pasar tersebut berasal dari bahan-bahan dagangan hasil pertanian dan peternakan. Pertumbuhan bakteri sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat suhu udara, sementara fungi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kelembaban udara. Dalam pergerakan udara terjadi kecepatan pergerakan angin yang dapat mempengaruhi sirkulasi pertukaran udara untuk membawa partikel atau zat yang terbawa di dalam udara berpindah tempat dan menyebar.

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Bacteria and fungi are concentrated in the area of air traditional market need to be considered, that could be potentially as air pollutants, interfere human health if in a lot of concentration. The concentration of bacteria and fungi which are concentrated in the market needed to know to analyze the supporting factors of microbes growth and bio-aerosol dispersion factor. Analyzing the relationship between the supporting factor with bio-aerosol or air microbiology concentration, and then comparing the concentration of bio-aerosol in traditional markets with standard microbiological air allowed by the government and other bio-aerosol ambient. Bio-aerosol concentration measurements performed using EMS bio-aerosol sampler. Retrieved average concentrations of bacteria and fungi on the Pasar Agung, each are 12746.87 CFU/m3 and 3860.35 CFU/m3 per day exceeded 700 CFU/m3 which is set in Kep-Men Health RI No. 1216/Menkes/SK/XI/2001. Meanwhile, in Pasar Kemir produce concentrations of bacteria and fungi, respectively 18963.41 CFU/m3 (more than 1,600 CFU/m3) and 6987.53 CFU/m3 (less than 7,200 CFU/m3) per day, limit bioaerosol in the air discovered by swan et. al. (2003). Bio-aerosol concentration levels due to market activity originating from the trade of agricultural products and livestock. Bacterial growth affected the level of temperature and humidity levels are influenced fungi. In the case of air movement velocity winds that affect the circulation of air exchange to bring particles or substances carried in the air to move and spread.

Abstrak :
"Emergency Medical Services: Clinical Practice and Systems Oversight" is the official textbook of the National Association of EMS Physicians(TM) (NAEMSP(TM)) National EMS Medical Directors Course and Practicum(TM). Now paired with a companion website featuring self-assessment exercises, audio and video clips of EMS best practices in action, and more, this essential study aid guides students through the core knowledge they need to successfully complete their training and begin their careers as EMS physicians."Emergency Medical Services: Clinical Practice and Systems Oversight" consists of: Volume 1: Clinical Aspects of EMS Volume 2: Medical Oversight of EMS Companion website featuring supportive self-assessment exercises, audio and video clips.

Abstrak :
Lansia akan mengalami berbagai perubahan, baik aspek fisiologis maupun psikologis. Salah satu perubahan fisiologis pada lansia ialah sistem muskuloskeletal. Perubahan sistem muskuloskeletal serta faktor risiko lain pada lansia dapat mengakibatkan masalah hambatan mobilitas fisik. Latihan mobilitas dan kebugaran merupakan salah satu latihan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hambatan mobilitas fisik. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk memaparkan analisis praktik asuhan keperawatan pada lansia dengan hambatan mobilitas fisik. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan hasil positif, yaitu adanya peningkatan nilai Berg Balance Scale (BBS) dari 36 menjadi 39, nilai Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) dari 13 menjadi 18, hasil Timed Up and Go (TUG) dari 28 detik menjadi 17 detik, serta peningkatan kekuatan otot pada kedua ekstremitas atas dan ektremitas kanan bawah. Perawat dapat memberikan latihan fisik berupa latihan mobilitas dan kebugaran secara teratur dan bertahap untuk meningkatkan/ mempertahankan tingkat mobilitas lansia.

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Older person undergo numerous changes, both physiological and psychological aspects. One of the physiological changes is the musculoskeletal system. Changes in the musculoskeletal system as well as other risk factors in older person can lead to problems of impaired physical mobility. Fitness and mobility exercise is one of the physical exercises that can be done to overcome barriers to physical mobility. The purpose of this study to give an overview of the analysis of nursing care for impaired physical mobility in older person. The evaluation showed positive results which an increase score Berg Balance Scale (BBS) 36 to 39, Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) 13 to 18, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test 28 to 17 second, and an increase muscle strength both of upper extremity and right below extremity. Nurses can provide fitness and mobility exercise regularly and gradually to increase/maintain the level of mobility of the older person.