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Abstrak :
Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas dinoflagellata di perairan Teluk Jakarta telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei dan Juli 2010. Sampel diambil secara horizontal dari 10 stasiun di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dan pencacahan sampel diperoleh 8 marga dinoflagellata pada bulan Mei 2010 dan 9 marga dinoflagellata pada bulan Juli 2010. Kepadatan dinoflagellata di perairan Teluk Jakarta pada bulan Mei 2010 bekisar antara 12.949--130.540 sel/m3. Kepadatan dinoflagellata di perairan Teluk Jakarta pada bulan Juli 2010 berkisar antara 40.782--238.960 sel/m3. Perairan Teluk Jakarta pada bulan Mei dan Juli didominasi oleh marga Ceratium. Indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan pada bulan Mei lebih tinggi dan lebih merata dibandingkan pada bulan Juli 2010, sedangkan indeks kekayaan pada bulan Juli lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada bulan Mei 2010. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, faktor-faktor lingkungan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kelimpahan dinoflagellata namun dengan signifikansi yang sangat kecil.

Abstrak :
Dinoflagellata merupakan organisme eukariotik yang memiliki karakteristik khusus seperti adanya flagellar dan klorofil. Dinoflagellata toxin producer menghasilkan racun salah satunya yaitu Ciguatoksin penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, dan Gili Trawangan yang umum disebut dengan Gili Matra, merupakan perairan laut yang berada di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis kelimpahan, menganalisis dominansi, dan menganalisis korelasi antara parameter lingkungan dengan dinoflagellata bentik penyebab CFP yang menempati substrat buatan di Perairan Gili Matra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah substrat buatan dan analisis data menggunakan indeks kekayaan, kemerataan, keanekaragaman, dominansi serta korelasi Spearman. Teramati genus Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, dan Prorocentrum. Hasil perhitungan keseluruhan indeks berada pada kriteria rendah hingga sedang. Korelasi positif terlihat pada 5 dari 12 parameter lingkungan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, terdapat korelasi positif antara parameter suhu, TSS, DO, nitrit, dan amonia terhadap kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik, kelimpahan sel dinoflagellata bentik tertinggi didominasi oleh dinoflagellata dari genus Coolia. ......Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic organisms that have special characteristics such as the presence of flagellar and chlorophyll. Dinoflagellate toxin producers produce toxins, one of which is Ciguatoxin which causes Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Aquatic Tourism Parks (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, and Gili Trawangan, commonly known as Gili Matra, are marine waters located in North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The aims of this study were to identify, analyze abundance, analyze dominance, and analyze the correlation among environmental parameters and benthic dinoflagellates that cause CFP that occupy artificial substrates in Gili Matra Waters. The artificial substrates were used and Spearman's correlation were used to analyze the richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance. The genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, and Prorocentrum were observed. The results of the calculation of the overall index are in the low to moderate criteria. The highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells were dominated by the genera Coolia. Positive correlations were seen from 5 of 12 environmental parameters. The conclusion of this study, there is a positive correlation between the parameters of temperature, TSS, DO, nitrite, and ammonia on the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates, the highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells is dominated by dinoflagellates from the genera Coolia.

Abstrak :
Kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang dan perubahan kualitas perairan di Pulau Pramuka dapat memicu peningkatan kelimpahan dinoflagellata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), serta menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan yang mencirikan setiap stasiun dengan kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik yang ditemukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada 21-22 September 2023 di tiga stasiun, yaitu Dermaga Odi, Dermaga Mazu, dan Dermaga Villa Delima, yang ketiganya memiliki perbedaan dominansi substrat alami. Penelitian ini menerapkan penggunaan substrat buatan sebagai media pengambilan sampelnya. Substrat buatan diletakkan berdekatan dengan substrat alami selama 24 jam, kemudian diangkat dan disaring. Identifikasi dan pencacahan sampel dilakukan dengan mikroskop cahaya dan Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chamber lalu dihitung kelimpahan selnya. Data faktor lingkungan dianalisis dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) untuk menemukan faktor lingkungan yang mencirikan setiap stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ditemukannya Coolia, Ostreopsis, dan Prorocentrum. Perbedaan substrat alami dan faktor lingkungan menentukan keberadaan dinoflagellata bentik tersebut. Dermaga Mazu memiliki kelimpahan dinoflagellata tertinggi (98 sel/cm²), sementara Prorocentrum menjadi genus dengan kelimpahan tertinggi (129 sel/cm²). Hasil AKU menunjukkan Dermaga Odi dicirikan oleh suhu, Dermaga Mazu oleh salinitas dan fosfat, serta Dermaga Villa Delima oleh DO. Kelimpahan Prorocentrum dan Ostreopsis meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan suhu, DO, salinitas, dan fosfat, sementara kelimpahan Coolia meningkat dengan kenaikan suhu, salinitas, dan fosfat namun kelimpahannya menurun seiring terjadinya peningkatan DO. ......Ecosystem damage to the coral reefs and water quality changes in Pramuka Island can potentially trigger an increase in dinoflagellate abundance. This research aimed to identify and analyze the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) and analyze the relationship between environmental factors and dinoflagellate abundance. The research was conducted on September 21-22, 2023, at three stations: Odi Pier, Mazu Pier, and Villa Delima Pier, each with different dominant natural substrates. Artificial substrates were used for the sampling method, and the artificial substrate were placed near natural substrates for 24 hours, then retrieved and filtered. Samples were identified and counted using a light microscope and Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chamber, and the cell abundance was calculated. Environmental data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify factors that characterizing each station. The genera that found in this research were Coolia, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. Differences in natural substrates and environmental factors determined the presence of these benthic dinoflagellates. Mazu Pier had the highest dinoflagellate abundance (98 cells/cm²), with Prorocentrum being the most abundant genus (129 cells/cm²). PCA results showed that Odi Pier was characterized by temperature, Mazu Pier by salinity and phosphate, and Villa Delima Pier by dissolved oxygen (DO). Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis abundance increased with higher temperature, DO, salinity, and phosphate levels, while Coolia abundance increased with higher temperature, salinity, and phosphate but decreased with higher DO levels.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis sebaran kelimpahan kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB di lokasi budidaya kerang hijau (Perna viridis) Kamal Muara, Jakarta Utara, pada bulan Oktober 2014 di 9 titik stasiun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan serta kelimpahan kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB, memetakan sebaran spasial kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB, dan untuk mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi sebaran kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Eijkman Grab, dan pemisahan kista dari sampel sedimen dilakukan menggunakan metode sieving technique. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 genus kista Dinoflagellata di lokasi penelitian, yaitu Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Diplopsalis, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Polykrikos, Protoperidinium, dan Scrippsiella, dimana 5 diantaranya merupakan genus penyebab HAB, yaitu Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, dan Scrippsiella. Kelimpahan kista di sedimen lokasi penelitian memiliki kisaran antara 4--324 kista/ml. Kista dengan kelimpahan tertinggi adalah genus Alexandrium (324 kista/ml) dan terendah adalah genus Diplopsalis (4 kista/ml). Pola sebaran kista di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kista terkonsentrasi pada stasiun-stasiun di wilayah timur. Faktor lingkungan yang paling memengaruhi sebaran kista di lokasi penelitian adalah arus, sedangkan faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi germinasi kista adalah DO, cahaya, dan suhu.

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ABSTRACT
Research on the distribution analysis on the cyst abundance of HAB causing Dinoflagellates at green mussel (Perna viridis) culture area in Kamal Muara, North Jakarta, has been conducted in October 2014 at 9 sampling stations. The objectives of the research were to determine the presence and abundance, mapping the spatial distribution, and to determine the environmental factors that influence the distribution of cysts from HAB causing Dinoflagellates. Sediment sampling was carried out using Eijkman Grab. Cyst sample preparation was carried out using the sieving technique. The results showed 8 genus of Dinoflagellate cysts, which were Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Diplopsalis, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Polykrikos, Protoperidinium, and Scrippsiella, in which 5 of them were HAB causing, namely Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, dan Scrippsiella. The abundance of cyst at sediments were ranged between 4--324 cysts/ml. Cyst with highest abundance was genus Alexandrium (324 cysts/ml) and the lowest was genus Diplopsalis (4 cysts/ml). Cyst distribution pattern at the study site showed that cysts were concentrated at stations located in the eastern region. Environmental factors that mostly influence the distribution of cysts in the study site was water current, whereas environmental factors that affect the germination of cysts was DO, light, and temperature.

Abstrak :
Dinoflagellata bentik yang ditemukan menempel pada makroalga dapat menghasilkan ciguatoksin penyebab penyakit Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP). Penelitian tentang Dinoflagellata bentik penyebab CFP pada makroalga dan kaitannya dengan faktor lingkungan telah dilakukan di Gili Matra, Lombok Utara pada tanggal 24–27 Mei 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Dinoflagellata bentik pada substrat makroalga di perairan Gili Matra berdasarkan kelimpahan sel dan faktor lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan makroalga Padina di ketiga gili, kemudian dimasukkan ke botol plastik dan dikocok kuat selama 1 menit. Sampel air dipisahkan dari makroalga, makroalga ditimbang berat basahnya, disaring dengan saringan bertingkat, kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Dinoflagellata bentik yang ditemukan berpotensi toksik adalah Prorocentrum dan Ostreopsis. Faktor lingkungan dianalisis dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan Prorocentrum yang paling tinggi ditemukan di Gili Meno, yaitu dengan total 84,89 sel/gr berat basah makroalga dan Ostreopsis yang hanya ditemukan di Gili Meno dengan 37 sel/gr berat basah makroalga. Berdasarkan AKU, Stasiun Gili Meno dicirikan oleh nitrat, fosfat, salinitas, dan intensitas cahaya yang lebih tinggi dari stasiun lainnya. Faktor-faktor lingkungan ini mempengaruhi kelimpahan sel Prorocentrum dan Ostreopsis yang lebih tinggi di stasiun tersebut. ......Benthic dinoflagellates found attached to macroalgae can produce ciguatoxin that causes Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) disease. Research on benthic dinoflagellates causing CFP on macroalgae and their relation to environmental factors was carried out in Gili Matra, North Lombok on 24–27 May 2022. This study aimed to analyze benthic dinoflagellates on macroalgae substrates in Gili Matra waters based on cell abundance and environmental factors. The research was conducted by collecting Padina macroalgae in the three islands, then putting them in a plastic bottle and shaking vigorously for 1 minute. The water sample was separated from the macroalgae, the wet weight of the macroalgae was measured, filtered through a multiseries sieve, and then observed under a light microscope. The potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates found were Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis. Environmental factors were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the highest abundance of Prorocentrum was found in Gili Meno, with a total of 84.89 cells/gr wet weight macroalgae, and Ostreopsis, which was only found in Gili Meno with 37 cells/gr wet weight macroalgae. Based on PCA analysis, Gili Meno Station is characterized by higher nitrate, phosphate, salinity, and light intensity than other stations. These environmental factors influenced the higher abundance of Prorocentrum and Ostreopsis cells in the station.

Abstrak :
Teluk Jakarta merupakan salah satu daerah pesisir dengan aktivitas manusia yang tinggi menghasilkan limbah industri dan limbah domestik berupa kandungan logam berat, kista dinoflagellata yang dapat menyebabkan peristiwa Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi dan kelimpahan kista dinoflagellate beserta kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen, juga kelimpahan dinoflagellata di air. Sampel sedimen dan air diambil dari 12 titik di Teluk Jakarta. Dinoflagellata genus Noctiluca memiliki kelimpahan yang tinggi dan mendominasi sebagian besar titik pengambilan sampel di perairan Teluk Jakarta (43.382.873 sel/m3). Kista dinoflagellata Alexandrium memiliki kelimpahan yang paling tinggi dengan distribusi luas meliputi ke seluruh titik sampling (53 sel/gram). Korelasi antara kandungan logam berat tembaga (Cu) dengan kelimpahan kista Alexandrium menunjukkan korelasi negatif di semua lokasi penelitian kecuali di Muara Baru. Korelasi kandungan logam berat seng (Zn) dengan kista Alexandrium menunjukkan korelasi positif di semua lokasi penelitian kecuali di Ancol. Ada korelasi positif antara faktor turbiditas dengan kelimpahan kista Alexandrium dan DO dengan kelimpahan kista Alexandrium. Korelasi negatif dan positif ditemukan antara faktor salinitas, suhu dan pH dengan kista Alexandrium. ......Jakarta Bay is one of the coastal areas with high human activity producing industrial waste and domestic waste in the form of heavy metal content, dinoflagellate cysts which can cause Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events. This study aims to analyze the distribution and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts along with heavy metal content in sediments, as well as the abundance of dinoflagellates in water. Sediment and water samples were taken from 12 points in Jakarta Bay. Noctiluca dinoflagellates have a high abundance and dominate most of the sampling points in the waters of Jakarta Bay (43.382.873 cell/m3). Alexandrium dinoflagellate cysts have the highest abundance with a wide distribution over all sampling points (53 cell/gram). Correlation between heavy metal copper (Cu) content and abundance of Alexandrium. showed a negative correlation at all study locations except in Muara Baru. The correlation of zinc (Zn) content with Alexandrium cysts showed a positive correlation in all study locations except Ancol. There is a positive correlation between turbidity factor and Alexandrium cyst abundance and DO and Alexandrium cyst abundance. Negative and positive correlations were found between salinity, temperature and pH factors with Alexandrium.

Abstrak :
Dilakukan penelitian mengenai Dinoflagellata bentik penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) di Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Gili Matra, Lombok Utara, dari tanggal 10 sampai 15 Oktober 2022. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kelimpahan Dinoflagellata di antara substrat hidup yaitu lamun dan substrat mati yaitu karang mati serta melihat hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan dan lokasi. Substrat Dinoflagellata yaitu lamun dan karang mati dikumpulkan berdasarkan 6 stasiun yang berbeda. Sampel kemudian dikocok dengan konsisten selama 1 menit sehingga Dinoflagellata bentik yang tertempel dapat lepas. Kemudian dilakukan penyaringan bertingkat sehingga hanya tersisa Dinoflagellata saja dan substrat diukur luas permukaannya. Pencacahan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop dan perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan Sedgewick Rafter. Setelah itu, hasil penemuan diidentifikasi dan dihitung kelimpahannya menggunakan rumus kelimpahan. Faktor lingkungan di analisis dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan 3 genus Dinoflagellata penyebab CFP yaitu Coolia, Ostreopsis dan Prorocentrum. Kelimpahan terbanyak dapat ditemukan di Gili Air dengan jumlah total 124 sel/cm2. Selain dari itu, Prorocentrum memiliki kelimpahan terbanyak di antara semua stasiun dengan jumlah total 105 sel/cm2 dan substrat lamun memiliki kelimpahan terbanyak dengan 137 sel/cm2. Berdasarkan AKU dan analisis kelimpahan, ditemukan jika Prorocentrum dan Coolia paling melimpah di stasiun Gili Air Lamun yang dikelompokkan dengan Gili Air Karang dan variabel nitrit, DO, suhu dan TSS. Sementara, Ostreopsis ditemukan paling melimpah di Gili Trawangan Karang yang dikelompokkan dengan Gili Trawangan Lamun dan variabel fosfat. Namun, pengelompokkan tersebut tidak menjelaskan rendahnya kelimpahan pada Gili Meno dimana parameter linngkungannya dalam batas normal dan bahkan mendukung pertumbuhan Dinoflagellata. Sehingga kelimpahan Dinoflagellata bentik penyebab CFP tidak begitu dipengaruhi parameter lingkungan, melainkan lebih dipengaruhi oleh substrat dan lokasi. ......Research was done on Benthic Dinoflagellates causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) in Gili Matra, North Lombok, on the 10th-15th of October 2022. The main goal of the research was to see the relationship between Dinoflagellate abundance, seagrass as a natural substrate, dead coral as a non-natural substrate, environmental parameters, and location. The substrates used in this research were collected based on 6 different stations. The obtained substrate is then shaken inside a bottle so that the Dinoflagellates can detach. Then, a filter is used to capture the Dinoflagellates and remove any unwanted debris. The substrate is also kept so that surface area can be measured. Further inspection is done under the microscope using a Sedgewick Rafter while counting and identifying the Dinoflagellates seen. The result is then converted into abundance using data from the corresponding substrate’s surface area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then done to find the relationship between environmental parameters and substrate. 3 genus of CFP causing Dinoflagellates were found (Coolia, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum). The most abundant station can be found in Gili Air with a total of 124 cells/cm2. The genus Prorocentrum is the most abundant in all stations with a total of 105 cells/cm2 and seagrass has more abundance than dead coral with a total of 137 cells/cm2. Based on the PCA analysis and the abundance data, Prorocentrum and Coolia were found most abundant in the station Gili Air Lamun which is grouped with Gili Air Karang and the variables nitrate, DO, temperature, and TSS. Ostreopsis was found to be the most abundant in Gili Trawangan Karang which is grouped with Gili Trawangan Lamun and the variable phosphate. However, the groupings do not explain the low abundance found in Gili Meno even though the grouped environmental factors were normal and even advantageous on promoting Dinoflagellate growth. Therefore, based on analysis, the abundance of benthic Dinoflagellates causing CFP is more based on location and substrate instead of environmental parameters.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian Asosiasi Dinoflagellata Bentik dengan Diatom Bentik pada Substrat Lamun di Perairan Gili Matra, Lombok Utara pada Bulan Mei 2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil 3 helai daun lamun Cymodocea rotundata pada setiap titik sampel, kemudian dilakukan pengocokan selama 1 menit dan penyaringan dengan saringan bertingkat (125 µm dan 20 µm). Dinoflagellata bentik yang ditemukan berjumlah 2 genera. Dua genera yang ditemukan tersebut berasosiasi sekunder dan dapat berpotensi menyebabkan ciguatera. Kelimpahan tertinggi terletak pada bagian barat Gili Meno (2200 sel/cm2), dan kelimpahan terendah terletak pada bagian selatan Gili Trawangan (1801 sel/cm2). Sedangkan Diatom bentik yang ditemukan berjumlah 14 genus. Kelimpahan tertinggi Diatom bentik terdapat di Gili Meno (91100 sel/cm2) dan terendah di Gili Trawangan (49128 sel/cm2). Correspondence Analysis (CA) menggunakan PAST versi 4.10 menunjukkan hubungan asosiasi Dinoflagellata bentik dengan Diatom bentik pada Grafik sumbu 1-2 yaitu genus Prorocentrum dengan Navicula, Prorocentrum dengan Nitzschia, Prorocentrum dengan Licmophora, dan Prorocentrum dengan Cocconeis di stasiun GT1, GM1, dan GM3. Sedangkan pada Grafik sumbu 1-3 terdapat asosiasi antara Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Thallasiothrix, Cocconeis, Striatella, Coscinodiscus, dan Rhizosolenia. Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan korelasi positif terjadi antara Ostreopsis dengan Thallassiothrix pada Gili Meno stasiun 2. Selain itu, Prorocentrum dengan Nitzschia, Prorocentrum dengan Licmophora, Prorocentrum dengan Grammatophora, Prorocentrum dengan Raphoneis, Prorocentrum dengan Thallasiosira pada Gili Meno stasiun 1,3 dan Gili Trawangan stasiun 1. Sedangkan korelasi negatif terjadi antara Ostreopsis dengan Nitzschia, Ostreopsis dengan Licmophora, dan Prorocentrum dengan Rhizosolenia. ......The association of benthic dinoflagellates with benthic Diatoms on seagrass substrates in Gili Matra waters study was conducted in May 2022. The study is carried out by taking 3 leaf samples of Cymodocea rotundata seagrass at each sampling point, then followed by shaking for a minute and filtering with a stratified sieve (125 µm dan 20 µm). Benthic dinoflagellates were found in 2 genera. The benthic species found are in secondary association and have a potential to cause ciguatera. The highest abundance is located in the western part of Gili Meno (2200 cells/cm2), and the lowest abundance is located in the southern part of Gili Trawangan (1801 cells/cm2). On the other side, the benthic Diatoms were found in 14 genera. The highest abundance of benthic Diatoms is found in Gili Meno (91100 cells/cm2) and the lowest in Gili Trawangan (49128 cells/cm2). Correspondence Analysis (CA) using PAST version 4.10 shows the association relationship of benthic Dinoflagellates with Benthic Diatoms on the 1-2 axis graph, namely the genus Prorocentrum with Navicula, Prorocentrum with Nitzschia, Prorocentrum with Licmophora, and Prorocentrum with Cocconeis at GT1, GM1, and GM3 stations. While in the 1-3 axis graph there is an association between Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum, Thallasiothrix, Cocconeis, Striatella, Coscinodiscus, and Rhizosolenia. The Spearman correlation suggests a positive correlation occurred between Ostreopsis and Thallassiothrix at Gili Meno station 2. In addition, Prorocentrum with Nitzschia, Prorocentrum with Licmophora, Prorocentrum with Grammatophora, Prorocentrum with Raphoneis, Prorocentrum with Thallasiosira on Gili Meno station 1.3 and Gili Trawangan station 1. Meanwhile, a negative correlation occurred between Ostreopsis with Nitzschia, Ostreopsis with Licmophora, and Prorocentrum with Rhizosolenia.

Abstrak :
Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate Dinoflagellates were found and seven of them are potentially toxic species Based on the CA and PCA the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae Amphidiniopsis hirsutum Coolia sp and Amphidinium sp are sand Ostreopsis ovata Ostreopsis lenticularis and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass sand and coral rubble Prorocentrum lima Prorocentrum emarginatum Ostreopsis siamensis and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass seaweed and coral rubble and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate. Research on epibenthic Dinoflagellate causing Ciguatera Fish Poisoning had been conducted in Harapan Island, Kepulauan Seribu during 4th--6th March 2013. This study was carried out by collecting seagrass, seaweed, sand, and coral rubble on the reef flats, where they were shaken vigorously to separate the epibenthic Dinoflagellates. Samples were filtered and observed under a light microscope. The data were analyzed using Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). From the samples collected, twelve species of benthic Dinoflagellates were found, and seven of them are potentially toxic species. Based on the CA and PCA, the substrate specificity of Gambierdiscus toxicus is macroalgae; Amphidiniopsis hirsutum, Coolia sp., and Amphidinium sp. are sand; Ostreopsis ovata, Ostreopsis lenticularis, and Prorocentrum rhatymum are seagrass, sand, and coral rubble; Prorocentrum lima, Prorocentrum emarginatum, Ostreopsis siamensis, and Sinophysis microcephalus are seagrass, seaweed, and coral rubble; and Prorocentrum concavum is on all substrate.

Abstrak :
Dinoflagellata epifitik yang hidup pada lamun Thalassia hemprichii berpotensi menyebabkan Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) melalui produksi ciguatoxin atau asosiasi dengan dinoflagellata penghasilnya. Lamun Thalassia hemprichii memiliki kelimpahan tinggi di perairan Pulau Pramuka. Penelitian mengenai kelimpahan dinoflagellata epifitik pada lamun Thalassia hemprichii beserta hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan dilakukan di empat sisi perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Sampel lamun Thalassia hemprichii dari keempat sisi pulau diambil secara purposive random sampling ke dalam botol, dikocok kuat selama beberapa menit, dan biofilm pada daun dikerik. Daun lamun dipisahkan dan diukur luas permukaannya. Sampel air hasil kocokan kemudian disaring menggunakan saringan bertingkat 125 dan 25 μm, dan diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Ditemukan empat genus dinoflagellata epifitik toksik, yaitu Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, dan Prorocentrum. Genus Coolia memiliki rata-rata kelimpahan tertinggi, yaitu 8 sel/cm2, yang menunjukkan kemampuan adaptasi Coolia di setiap stasiun dengan faktor lingkungan yang berbeda. Faktor lingkungan yang mencirikan di tiap stasiun dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dan kemudian dihubungkan secara deskriptif dengan kelimpahan dinoflagellata. Bagian selatan dan barat pulau dicirikan oleh salinitas dan kecepatan arus, bagian utara oleh intensitas cahaya, dan bagian timur oleh nitrat, oksigen terlarut, dan pH. ......Epiphytic dinoflagellates living on Thalassia hemprichii seagrass have the potential to cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) through ciguatoxin production or association with dinoflagellate producers. Thalassia hemprichii seagrass has a high abundance in the waters of Pramuka Island. Research on the abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates in seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and its relationship with environmental parameters was conducted on four sides of the waters of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii samples from the four sides of the island were taken by purposive random sampling into bottles, shaken vigorously for several minutes, and the biofilm on the leaves was scraped off. Seagrass leaves were separated and their surface area measured. The shaken water samples were then filtered using 125 and 25 μm graduated sieves, and observed using a light microscope. Four genera of toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates were found, namely Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. The genus Coolia had the highest average abundance, 8 cells/cm2, which indicates the adaptability of Coolia at each station with different environmental factors. Characteristic environmental factors at each station were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and then descriptively correlated with dinoflagellate abundance. The southern and western parts of the island were characterized by salinity and current velocity, the northern part by light intensity, and the eastern part by nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and pH.