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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Pandemi COVID-19 telah berdampak langsung terhadap pelayanan rumah sakit, terutama rumah sakit yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan COVID-19. Banyak rumah Sakit mengalami masalah keuangan. Hal ini disebabkan penurunan angka kunjungan pasien, baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap ke rumah sakit. Di samping itu pengeluaran rumah sakit justru semakin meningkat karena besarnya biaya operasional untuk penanganan pasien COVID-19. Pembiayaan pasien yang dirawat dengan Penyakit Infeksi Emerging (PIE) tertentu termasuk infeksi COVID-19 dapat diklaim ke Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Dirjen Pelayanan Kesehatan. Beban rumah sakit yang menangani pasien COVID-19 semakin tinggi ketika dalam pelaksanaannya banyak didapatkan kendala pada saat pengajuan klaim tersebut. Klaim dispute merupakan klaim yang setelah dilakukan verifikasi oleh BPJS Kesehatan terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara RS dan BPJS Kesehatan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan cara mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam atau observasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD HM Rabain pada bulan Juli – September 2022. Informan merupakan pejabat struktural dan fungsional yang terlibat langsung dalam proses penyelesaian dispute klaim pasien covid 19 di RSUD HM Rabain. Hasil : terdapat 127 klaim dispute pasien COVID-19, sebanyak 124 klaim (97,64%) berhasil dibayarkan, sedangkan sebanyak 3 klaim (2,36%) tidak berhasil dibayarkan. Faktor input yang berpengaruh dalam terjadinya klaim dispute COVID-19 adalah jumlah petugas yang kurang, tempat kerja yang belum optimal, belum ada insentif untuk petugas klaim, aplikasi yang terjadi gangguan. Sedangkan faktor proses yang mempengaruhi terjadinya klaim dispute adalah : belum ada perencanaan, SOP maupun kebijakan rumah sakit untuk penyelesaian dispute klaim, pemeriksaan penunjang pasien kritis sering terlewat, belum dilakukan verifikasi berkas, pelaksanaan revisi klaim menunggu tim TPKD dan evaluasi belum dilakukan secara periodik dan kontinu. Kesimpulan : Faktor input, proses dan output berperan dalam terjadinya klaim dispute pasien COVID-19 di RSUD HM Rabain Muara Enim. Penyelesaian klaim dispute di RSUD HM Rabain tahun 2021 telah diselesaikan. Karakteristik klaim pending BPJS mirip seperti klaim dispute COVID-19 sehingga rekomendasi penelitian ini dapat dipakai untuk mengurangi klaim pending BPJS. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan Rumah Sakit antara lain membuat kebijakan dan SOP pengajuan Klaim COVID-19, menambah jumlah koder, meningkatkan kompetensi verifikator, melengkapi dan meperbaiki saran, prasana dan sistem infromasi Rumah Sakit. ......Background: COVID-19 pandemic has given a direct impact on hospital health services, mainly on those who administered COVID-19 services. Financial problem has been an issue to a lot of hospitals. This is due to lower rate of patient visit, both outpatients and inpatients visit. Furthermore, the hospital outcome keeps increasing since operational cost for COVID-19 patient is awfully expensive. Financing of inpatients with certain Emerging Infection Diseases (EIDs) including COVID-19 infection can be claimed by Health Ministry via director of health services. However, in execution, there are many difficulties in proposing those claims which give a burden build up for hospitals who administered COVID-19 services. Dispute claim is a claim which has discrepancy between the hospital and BPJS Kesehatan after the claim has been verified by BPJS Kesehatan. Method: This research is qualitative research with case study approach by collecting data from deep interview or observation. The current research was implemented in RSUD HM Rabain during July – September 2022. Informant is a structural and functional placeman who got involved directly in the process of resolving COVID-19 patients’ dispute claim in RSUD HM Rabain. Results: There are 127 dispute claims submitted from total of 590 COVID-19 paitents’ claims. As much as 124 claims (97,64%) were paid successfully, while the rest of 3 claims (2,36%) were failed. Input factors of COVID-19 dispute claims are lack of employee, inadequate working place, there is no incentive for claim officers, and application technical difficulties. Moreover, process factors which affect dispute claims are lack of planning, SOP, and hospital policy on settling dispute claims, missed of supporting examination on critical patients, unverified documents, await of TKPD (Tim Penyelesaian Klaim Dispute) officer for claim revision, and lack of periodical and continuous evaluation.Conclusion: Input, process, and output factors have a great impact on COVID-19 patients dispute claims in RSUD HM Rabain Muara Enim. Refinement of those variables is needed to fluent the claims and dispute claims resolution process. Considering the similar characteristics between BPJS pending claim and COVID-19 dispute claim, the current research recommendation can be also used to reduce incidents of BPJS pending claim.

Abstrak :
Gangguan respirasi yang berkepanjangan menjadi permasalah baru yang muncul bagi pasien yang telah dinyatakan sembuh dari infeksi Covid 19. Gejala terjadi karena terganggunya compliance paru akibat proses infeksi yang berdampak pada penurunan kapasitas vital paru. Kondisi tersebut dapat dicegah melalui latihan nafas dalam. Latihan nafas dalam bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan otot-otot pernafasan yang berguna untuk meningkatkan compliance paru, meningkatkan fungsi ventilasi, recovery pasca infeksi, memperbaiki oksigenasasi dan meningkatkan efisiensi batuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi pengaruh latihan nafas dalam terhadap kapasitas vital paru pada pasien post Covid 19. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 40 responden yang dibagi menjadi 20 responden kelompok intervensi dan 20 responden kelompok kontrol. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen pre dan post test nonequivalent control group. Kelompok intervensi diberikan perlakuan latihan nafas dalam dan kelompok kontrol diberkan perlakuan standar dari rumah sakit Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh latihan nafas dalam terhadap kapasitas vital paru ( p = 0.000) dan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna nilai kapasitas vital paru antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (p = 0.008). Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa latihan nafas dalam yang dilakukan tiga hari dengan durasi 45 menit selama dua minggu memiliki pengaruh terhadap perbaikan kapasitas vital paru pasien post Covid 19, sehingga intervensi ini dapat menjadi advance nursing intervension dan sebagai rekomendasi self management untuk memperbaiki fungsi paru pasca infeksi dan mengurangi masalah gejala berkepanjangan yang dialami pasien post Covid 19. ......Prolonged respiratory disorders are a new problem that arises for patients who have been declared cured of Covid 19 infection. Symptoms occur due to disruption of lung compliance due to the infection process which results in a decrease in vital lung capacity. This condition can be prevented through deep breathing exercises. Deep breathing exercises aim to improve the ability of the respiratory muscles to increase lung compliance, improve ventilation function, post-infection recovery, improve oxygenation and increase cough efficiency. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of deep breathing exercises on vital lung capacity in post-Covid 19 patients. The sample in this study was 40 respondents who were divided into 20 respondents in the intervention group and 20 respondents in the control group. This research method is a quasi-experimental pre and post test non-equivalent control group. The intervention group was treated with deep breathing exercises and the control group was given standard treatment from the hospital. The results showed that there was an effect of deep breathing exercises on vital lung capacity (p = 0.000) and there was a significant difference in the value of vital lung capacity between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.008). The conclusion of this study is that deep breathing exercises carried out for three days with a duration of 45 minutes for two weeks have an effect on improving the vital lung capacity of post-Covid 19 patients, so this intervention can be an advance nursing intervention and as a recommendation for self-management to improve lung function after infection and reduce the problem of prolonged symptoms by post-Covid 19 patients.

Abstrak :
Skabies adalah penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh Sarcoptes scabiei. Skabies diperkirakan menginfeksi lebih dari 200 juta orang setiap waktu. WHO telah menyatakan bahwa penyakit skabies merupakan salah satu bagian dari penyakit tropis yang terabaikan dan harus segera ditangani demi mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kesadaran masyarakat untuk hidup bersih cenderung meningkat di masa pandemi covid-19. Meski demikian, penyebaran kasus skabies selama masa pandemi masih cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian skabies pada masa pandemi di Pondok Pesantren X Kecamatan Panei, Kabupaten Simalungun tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan total sampel sebanyak 298 santri. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah stratified proportionate random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 39,9% responden mengalami skabies dan sanitasi dasar pesantren tidak memenuhi syarat. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara usia (OR=7,922), jenis kelamin (OR=2,533), tingkat pendidikan (OR=5,821), personal higiene kulit (OR=1,889 pada kategori sedang, OR=2,519 pada kategori buruk), personal higiene tangan, kaki dan kuku (OR=1,718 pada kategori sedang, OR=2,068 pada kategori buruk), personal higiene rambut (OR=1,799 pada kategori sedang, OR=2,727 pada kategori buruk), kepadatan hunian (OR=3,054), suhu (OR=1,787), kelembaban (OR=1,803), dan protokol kesehatan (OR=2,395 pada kategori sedang, OR=3,295 pada kategori buruk) dengan kejadian skabies. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, personal higiene kulit, personal higiene tangan, kaki, dan kuku, personal higiene rambut, kepadatan hunian, suhu, kelembaban, protokol kesehatan dengan kejadian skabies, dan jenis kelamin merupakan faktor dominan dalam penelitian ini. ......Scabies is a skin disease that is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Skabies is estimated to affect more than 200 million people at any time. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated scabies as a neglected tropical disease and must be treated immediately to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. Public awareness to live clean tends to increase during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the spread of scabies cases during the pandemic was still high. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors related with the incidence of scabies during a pandemic in X Boarding School, Panei District, Simalungun Regency in 2023. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 298 students. The sampling technique in this study was stratified proportionate random sampling. The study results showed 39,9% respondents experienced scabies and basic sanitation not eligible. The bivariate analysis results showed a significant influence between age (OR=7,922), gender (OR=2,533), education level (OR=5,821), hygiene of skin (OR=1,889 medium category, OR=2,519 bad category), hygiene of hand, feet and nail (OR=1,718 medium category, OR=2,068 bad category), hygiene of hair (OR=1,799 medium category, OR=2,727 bad category), occupancy density (OR=3,054), temperature (OR=1,787), humidity (OR=1,803), and health protocol (OR=2,395 medium category, OR=3,295 bad category) had a significant effect on the incidence of scabies. The conclusion of this study is there are associated between age, gender, education level, hygiene of skin, hygiene of hand, feet and nail, hygiene of hair, occupancy density, temperature, humidity, health protocol with the incidence of scabies and gender is the dominant factor in this study.

Abstrak :
Pemerintah Indonesia telah menggelontorkan dana yang cukup besar untuk menangani dampak ekonomi dan kesehatan akibat menyebarnya kasus Covid-19. Masyarakat luas khususnya dari kelompok penyintas Covid-19 telah mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari langkah fiskal pemerintah. Untuk itu, penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama, untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang menentukan intensi kepatuhan dalam membayar pajak pada penyintas Covid-19 di Jabodetabek. Tujuan kedua dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat ada atau tidaknya perbedaan determinan intensi untuk membayar pajak pada kelompok penyintas yang mengidentifikasikan diri mereka menerima fasilitas khusus dari pemerintah ketika pandemi (kelompok 1) dan mereka yang mengidentifikasikan diri tidak memperoleh fasilitas (kelompok 2). Kerangka penelitian ini menggunakan extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB). Regresi logistik ordinal digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan dari sekitar 411 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prediktor kepatuhan hanya signifikan pada dimensi Tax Morale dan Tax Complexity. Namun, begitu dilakukan analisis terpisah antara kelompok 1 dan kelompok 2, tampak perbedaan determinan pada keduanya. Pada kelompok 2, prediktor yang signifikan hanya Tax Morale. Sementara itu, dimensi lain yang signifikan pada kelompok 1 mendapat penambahan berupa Tax Fairness, Tax Complexity, dan Tax Information. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memberikan kebaruan dalam literatur kepatuhan pajak dengan mendorong agar pemerintah mengasosiasikan penyediaan barang/layanan publik dengan perpajakan serta penekanan pada upaya meningkatkan Tax Morale. ......The Indonesian government has allocated a sizable amount of money to address the effects of the spread of Covid-19 cases on the economy and health. The government's fiscal measures have given special attention to the larger community, particularly the Covid-19 survivor group. This study has twofold. First, it examines determinants of taxpaying intentions among the Covid-19 survivors in the Greater Jakarta area. The second objective of this study is to determine whether there are any differences in intention to pay taxes between the survivors who identify as receiving specific facilities from the government during the pandemic (group 1) and those who identify themselves as nonrecipients (group 2). This research framework uses the extended theory of planned behaviour (ETPB). Ordered logistic regression was used to analyze data collected from approximately 411 respondents. The findings demonstrated that only Tax Morale and Tax Complexity were relevant for the predictor of tax-paying intention. However, it became clear that there were disparities in the determinants of the two groups when a separate test was carried out between the respondent group. Tax Morale was the sole significant predictor in the second group. Tax Fairness, Tax Complexity, and Tax Information were additional significant predictors for the first group. This study contributes to the literature by encouraging the government to link the provision of public goods and services with taxation as well as focusing on measures to promote Tax Morale.

Abstrak :
Pelayanan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Membutuhkan Bahan dan Alat Kesehatan Habis Pakai, Stok yang cukup memberikan keleluasan dalam melakukan tindakan ataupun pengobatan yang dibutuhkan oleh pasien , terutama untuk Bahan dan Alat Kesehatan Habis Pakai yang berhubungan dengan Covid – 19 yang masuk kelompok AV diharapkan tidak pernah terjadi kekosongan stok.Dibutuhkan analisis khusus untuk mengelompokkan Bahan dan Alat Kesehatan Habis Pakai menjadi kelompok – kelompok yang dapat dilihat proses pengendalian persediannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan Bahan dan Alat Kesehatan Habis Pakai dalam kelompok yang tepat, kemudian memilihkan metode pengendalian persediaannya. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian Operational Research , analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari Analisis ABC Indeks Kritis dan VEN didapatkan kelompok AV berjumlah 23 item , dimana 13 item diantaranya merupakan BAHP untuk kebutuhan terkait Covid -19. Hasil penghitungan pengendalian persediaannya dengan metode Economic order Quantity (EOQ) dan Reorder Point (ROP) menunjukkan hasil angka yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menjaga stok tetap terjaga. Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Ujung Batu belum memiliki sistem pengendalian persediaan yang akurat, sehingga dirasa perlu untuk menggunakan metode pengendalian persediaan agar tidak pernah terjadi kekurangan atau kosong stok. ......Health services in hospitals require consumable medical materials and devices, sufficient stock to provide flexibility in carrying out the actions or treatment needed by patients, especially for consumable medical materials and devices related to Covid - 19 which are included in the AV group, it is hoped that this will never happen stock void. Special analysis is needed to classify Ingredients and Medical Consumables into groups that can be seen the process of controlling their supplies. This study aims to classify consumable medical materials and devices into the right groups, then choose the inventory control method. Design of this research is Operational Research, the analysis used is descriptive analytic. The results of this study indicate that from the ABC Critical Index and VEN analysis, it is found that the AV group consists of 23 items, of which 13 items are consumable medical materials and devices for Covid-19 related needs. The results of the calculation of inventory control using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Reorder Point (ROP) methods show the results of numbers that can be used as a reference in keeping stocks in check. Awal Bros Hospital in Ujung Batu does not yet have an accurate inventory control system, so it is necessary to use an inventory control method so that there is never a shortage or empty stock.

Abstrak :
Studi ini memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang periklanan online UKM adopsi sebelum dan selama Pandemi Covid-19. Di antara sampel homogen bertujuan UKM di Belanda, kami menemukan bahwa sebelum pandemi, UKM masih perlu ditingkatkan tentang pengetahuan tentang manfaat potensial dari periklanan online. Manfaat, bagaimanapun, miliki menjadi lebih jelas bagi UKM di tengah pandemi. Kami menunjukkan UKM dengan manajer yang tinggi kesadaran dan periklanan online yang intens dalam lanskap kompetitif dan konsumen mereka perilaku lebih cenderung mengadopsi periklanan online; namun, UKM dengan teknologi rendah, manusia, dan sumber daya keuangan cenderung tidak melakukannya. Kami juga menemukan situs web perusahaan, social media, dan iklan video online sebagai alat periklanan online paling efektif untuk UKM. Untuk Sepengetahuan penulis terbaik, makalah ini adalah yang pertama memberikan kontribusi untuk menangkap efek Covid-19 Pandemi pada iklan online UKM di Belanda. ......This study provides a comprehensive understanding of SMEs’ online advertising adoption before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Among a purposive homogenous sample of SMEs in the Netherlands, we find that previous to the pandemic, SMEs still need to improve on the knowledge of the potential benefits of online advertising. The benefits, however, have become more apparent for SMEs amid the pandemic. We show that SMEs with high manager awareness and intense online advertising within their competitive landscape and consumer behavior are more likely to adopt online advertising; yet, SMEs with low technological, human, and financial resources are less likely to do so. We also find that company websites, social media, and online video advertising as the most effective online advertising tools for SMEs. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first contributing to capture the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on SMEs’ online advertising in the Netherlands in the NetherlandsThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of SMEs’ online advertising adoption before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Among a purposive homogenous sample of SMEs in the Netherlands, we find that previous to the pandemic, SMEs still need to improve on the knowledge of the potential benefits of online advertising. The benefits, however, have become more apparent for SMEs amid the pandemic. We show that SMEs with high manager awareness and intense online advertising within their competitive landscape and consumer behavior are more likely to adopt online advertising; yet, SMEs with low technological, human, and financial resources are less likely to do so. We also find that company websites, social media, and online video advertising as the most effective online advertising tools for SMEs. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first contributing to capture the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on SMEs’ online advertising in the Netherlands.This study provides a comprehensive understanding of SMEs’ online advertising adoption before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Among a purposive homogenous sample of SMEs in the Netherlands, we find that previous to the pandemic, SMEs still need to improve on the knowledge of the potential benefits of online advertising. The benefits, however, have become more apparent for SMEs amid the pandemic. We show that SMEs with high manager awareness and intense online advertising within their competitive landscape and consumer behavior are more likely to adopt online advertising; yet, SMEs with low technological, human, and financial resources are less likely to do so. We also find that company websites, social media, and online video advertising as the most effective online advertising tools for SMEs. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first contributing to capture the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on SMEs’ online advertising in the Netherlands.

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of SMEs’ online advertising adoption before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Among a purposive homogenous sample of SMEs in the Netherlands, we find that previous to the pandemic, SMEs still need to improve on the knowledge of the potential benefits of online advertising. The benefits, however, have become more apparent for SMEs amid the pandemic. We show that SMEs with high manager awareness and intense online advertising within their competitive landscape and consumer behavior are more likely to adopt online advertising; yet, SMEs with low technological, human, and financial resources are less likely to do so. We also find that company websites, social media, and online video advertising as the most effective online advertising tools for SMEs. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first contributing to capture the effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on SMEs’ online advertising in the Netherlands.